scholarly journals Hyperoxia and hypoxia influence to adaptive processes at muscular work

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Aleksander S. Radchenko ◽  
Petr D. Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Endurance Sports ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Muscular Work ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Reliable Knowledge

In this brief review we will state the use of hyperoxia (HO) in sports training. HO training has been recommended by some authors for athletes to increase their performance. Herewith, there is no reliable knowledge about physiology mechanisms that provides the athlete level of growth during long-term training under HO conditions. Concurrently in the last half century, the athletes’ performance in endurance sports has grown remarkably due to natural and artificial hypoxia application in training process of many kinds of sports. Long-term adaptation mechanisms to muscular work under hypoxia conditions are shortly summarized for comparison with HO effects and we emphasized that the prospectivity of searching the ways for regular usage HO to increase athletic performance is too questionable.

scholarly journals The Program of mental self-regulation of athletes engaged in Martial Arts

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Bogdan Kindzer ◽  
Neonila Partyko ◽  
Oksana Khurtenko ◽  
Ksenia Berezyak ◽  
Oles Pryshva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Scientific Intelligence ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Training Cycle ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Training

Being at a high level of sports form, some athletes who specialize in Martial Arts cannot cope with negative emotions, which leads to a decrease in their athletic performance. In the competitive and post-competitive periods there are sharp negative emotional shifts, so most athletes who specialize in Martial Arts, in particular Sambo wrestling (sports and combat sections) unable to normalize their condition, so the psychologist, as well as the coach – must support the athlete during the formation and development of his self-regulation in terms of many years of training. As a result of theoretical research, members of the research group developed a program of mental self-regulation of Sambo fighters (combat section) in the system of their annual training cycle. The program developed by us provides consideration of features of the organization of educational and training process of sportsmen who specialize in Martial Arts at various stages of an annual cycle of their preparation, namely: preparatory period (general-preparatory and special-preparatory stages) – formation of a positive and active attitude to the development and self-improvement of self-regulation skills in different conditions of long-term training of athletes specializing in Martial Arts, development and improvement of mental functions that underlie the provision of self- regulation of Sambo fighters (combat section); competitive stage – training of combat sambo wrestlers to manage their own consciousness aimed at achieving maximum sports results, increasing the emotional stability of combat Sambo wrestlers; transitional stage – restoration (stabilization) of mental and psychophysical levels of combat Sambo wrestlers. Prospects for further research in the chosen direction of scientific intelligence include testing the program of mental self- regulation of Sambo fighters (combat section) in the system of their annual training cycle.

MODERN ISSUES IN THE TRAINING PROCESS OF ICE-SKATERS IN THE ABSENCE OF ICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
EKATERINA YU. MUKINA ◽  
ANASTASIYA G. BURYAKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Training System ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Speed Skating ◽  
Modern System ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
The Individual

The modern system of athlete training is a complex multi-factor phenomenon that includes goals, objectives, means, methods, material, technical and other conditions that ensure the achievement of the highest performance by an athlete. At the same time, it is also an organizational and pedagogical process of preparation for competitions. In the structure of the training system, its components are sports training, competitions, out-of-training and out-of-competition factors that increase the effectiveness of training and competitions. The final result of the joint activity of the athlete and the coach largely depends on how rationally the work in the individual sections of the system of the long-term training process is built. This topic is relevant, especially in the Tambov Region, where the ice season is two months (January, February), as it affects the issues of training athletes in speed skating with the natural ice in regions with unfavorable climatic conditions or other external factors that hinder the skaters training (including poor-quality ice covering), as well as the lack of methods of sports training of athletes engaged in speed skating in unfavorable climatic and other conditions that hinder the skaters training. Currently, skaters in training without the ice use a large number of special exercises that allow to conduct a variety of targeted strength training, improve special performance.

scholarly journals The Rate of Information Transfer of Naturalistic Stimulation by Graded Potentials

2003 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Juusola ◽  
Gonzalo G. de Polavieja
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
Finite Duration ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Signaling Strategies

We present a method to measure the rate of information transfer for any continuous signals of finite duration without assumptions. After testing the method with simulated responses, we measure the encoding performance of Calliphora photoreceptors. We find that especially for naturalistic stimulation the responses are nonlinear and noise is nonadditive, and show that adaptation mechanisms affect signal and noise differentially depending on the time scale, structure, and speed of the stimulus. Different signaling strategies for short- and long-term and dim and bright light are found for this graded system when stimulated with naturalistic light changes.

Combined visual and motor evoked potentials predict multiple sclerosis disability after 20 years

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1348-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Schlaeger ◽  
Christian Schindler ◽  
Leticia Grize ◽  
Sophie Dellas ◽  
Ernst W Radue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapy ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Predictive Relationships ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: The development of predictors of multiple sclerosis (MS) disability is difficult due to the complex interplay of pathophysiological and adaptive processes. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether combined evoked potential (EP)-measures allow prediction of MS disability after 20 years. Methods: We examined 28 patients with clinically definite MS according to Poser’s criteria with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, combined visual and motor EPs at entry (T0), 6 (T1), 12 (T2) and 24 (T3) months, and a cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan at T0 and T2. EDSS testing was repeated at year 14 (T4) and year 20 (T5). Spearman rank correlation was used. We performed a multivariable regression analysis to examine predictive relationships of the sum of z-transformed EP latencies ( s-EPT0) and other baseline variables with EDSST5. Results: We found that s-EPT0 correlated with EDSST5 (rho=0.72, p<0.0001) and ΔEDSST5-T0 (rho=0.50, p=0.006). Backward selection resulted in the prediction model: E (EDSST5)=3.91–2.22×therapy+0.079×age+0.057× s-EPT0 (Model 1, R2=0.58) with therapy as binary variable (1=any disease-modifying therapy between T3 and T5, 0=no therapy). Neither EDSST0 nor T2-lesion or gadolinium (Gd)-enhancing lesion quantities at T0 improved prediction of EDSST5. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.89 for model 1. Conclusions: These results further support a role for combined EP-measures as predictors of long-term disability in MS.

Criminal Liability of Athletes for Damage Caused as a Result of Violation of the Rules of Sports Events

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
D. A. Bezborodov ◽  
◽  
R. M. Kravchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
The Relationship

The article deals with issues related to the characteristics of the qualification of causing injury or death to an athlete during sports events. The article analyzes the possibility of applying the provisions of certain circumstances that exclude the criminality of the act. Take into account that the relationship between the participants of sports competitions and sports training, while relationships at the same time are not regulated by the law and sports regulations sports, and the internal rules of sports organizations, defining the organization of the training process. Therefore, the issues related to the influence of special rules regulating the procedure for conducting sports competitions and other sporting events on the features of criminal liability (in particular, guilt), both athletes and other persons who ensure the conduct of sports events, are studied specifically. It is taken into account that modern legislation and law enforcement often ignores this requirement, which, in particular, is expressed in the failure to include the facts of sports injuries in the list of crimes in the field of sports. First of all, the article analyzes the issues of criminal-legal assessment of an athlete's act in the event of injury to health or death to another athlete, given that in sports, harm is usually caused unintentionally, by negligence. Therefore, the work analyzes the risks, harm to health, as well as measures that should have been taken by the organizers of the competition to avoid causing harm, taking into account that all these issues are evaluative. The characteristic of harming an athlete while observing the rules of events by his opponent is given. The question of how the rules relating to a particular sport can exempt a person from liability for causing harm is being investigated.

scholarly journals The influence of sports education on students: contemporary challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3A) ◽  
pp. 378-384
Author(s):  
Ludmyla Snihur ◽  
Eduard Sarafaniuk ◽  
Oleksandr Rozmaznin ◽  
Volodymyr Lukhanin ◽  
Larysa Yakobchuk
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Training System ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
General Level ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Positive Effect

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the relevance of the use of modern sports in general and general physical training in particular in the training system of students. The paper considers the actual problems of improving the physical fitness of students who study at higher military educational institutions during the period of primary sports training. The possibilities of increasing the effectiveness of the training process have been investigated. The analysis of modern scientific and literary sources gives grounds to assert that the system of sports training has a significant positive effect on the general level of well-being, facilitating the learning process and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of the article is to form and implement innovative forms of sports education for students and further experimental verification of the developed program.

scholarly journals Distribution and ecological segregation on regional and microgeographic scales of the diploidCentaurea asperaL., the tetraploidC. seridisL., and their triploid hybrids (Compositae)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Garmendia ◽  
Hugo Merle ◽  
Pablo Ruiz ◽  
Maria Ferriol
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Contact Zones ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Sympatric Cytotypes

Although polyploidy is considered a ubiquitous process in plants, the establishment of new polyploid species may be hindered by ecological competition with parental diploid taxa. In such cases, the adaptive processes that result in the ecological divergence of diploids and polyploids can lead to their co-existence. In contrast, non-adaptive processes can lead to the co-existence of diploids and polyploids or to differentiated distributions, particularly when the minority cytotype disadvantage effect comes into play. Although large-scale studies of cytotype distributions have been widely conducted, the segregation of sympatric cytotypes on fine scales has been poorly studied. We analysed the spatial distribution and ecological requirements of the tetraploidCentaurea seridisand the diploidCentaurea asperain east Spain on a large scale, and also microspatially in contact zones where both species hybridise and give rise to sterile triploid hybrids. On the fine scale, the position of eachCentaureaindividual was recorded along with soil parameters, accompanying species cover and plant richness. On the east Spanish coast, a slight latitudinal gradient was found. TetraploidC. seridisindividuals were located northerly and diploidC. asperaindividuals southerly. Tetraploids were found only in the habitats with strong anthropogenic disturbance. In disturbed locations with well-developed semi-fixed or fixed dunes, diploids and tetraploids could co-exist and hybridise. However, on a fine scale, although taxa were spatially segregated in contact zones, they were not ecologically differentiated. This finding suggests the existence of non-adaptive processes that have led to their co-existence. Triploid hybrids were closer to diploid allogamous mothers (C. aspera) than to tetraploid autogamous fathers (C. seridis). This may result in a better ability to compete for space in the tetraploid minor cytotype, which might facilitate its long-term persistence.

scholarly journals Quantitative assessment of piloting technique by flight data recorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Assen Marinov ◽  
Georgi Yordanov ◽  
Martin Kambushev ◽  
Stefan Biliderov ◽  
Kiril Kambushev
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Good Organization

Flight training is a complex and responsible training process for pilot and requires experienced specialists, good organization and quality control of flight activity. Its main purpose is to create highly qualified personnel with long-term professional skills in the techniques of piloting, aircraft flying and the combat use of aircraft. Assessment is an important part of the training process for young cadets. It determines the extent to which trainees have been able to perceive, learn and comprehend their new flying activity and their ability to apply the acquired knowledge in tense conditions. Assessment is directly related to the quality of the flight training, and it should show the trainees the mistakes they have made and encourage them to upgrade their knowledge and skills. The trainees should be well versed in the assessment methodology and understand its purpose, otherwise the grades obtained will not be an indicator of their ability.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF THE TRAINING PROCESS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL PSYCHOTIC POTENTIAL TO 12–13 YEAR-OLD HANDBALL PLAYERS IN THEIR TEAM-GAME SPECIALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan Verejan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Technical Characteristic ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Team Game ◽  
General Training ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Different Levels

This article provides information on the experimental effectiveness of the training process to 12-13 year-old handball players in their formed team-game specialization. Currently, the competition calendar has radically changed, it has become more dense and intense for teams of different levels and ages with high demands on the results of the competition. And this, in turn, creates difficulties in the training process of athletes, allowing an excessive intensification of training sessions, with all the ensuing consequences. We believe that in this situation, in order to improve the sports training of handball players, at the present stage, it is necessary to use other possible reserves, which suggest, against the background of general training processes, the restructuring of the existing ways of organizing game capabilities, including an earlier age-related team-game specialization of athletes, in which their role, as an individual sports and technical characteristic, will be especially effective in competitive manifestations.

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