scholarly journals Lyme borreliosis: clinical and epidemiological features of its course in the territory of large industrial center of Western Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Vera V. Nikolenko ◽  
Natalia N. Vorobyova ◽  
Elena V. Merkuryeva ◽  
Andrey V. Nikolenko ◽  
Olga A. Suslina

Objective. Since the territory of the Western Urals is widely known for its high morbidity and mortality rates associated with tick-borne infections, including ixodic tick-borne borreliosis, the study was aimed at estimation of the role of specific prevention in the prevalence of ITB. Materials and methods. A continuous retrospective clinical and laboratory analysis of 1214 adult patients admitted to Perm Regional Clinical Infectious Disease Hospital with lyme - borreliosis in 2012-2019 was carried out. Results. The disease is registered more often in persons over 50 years old, infection mainly occurs while visiting forests and park zones that requires the use of means of protection to reduce the number of the carriers of infection. Every third patient has mixed infection, where pathogens circulating in the ticks of the given territory of the Western Urals are combined. The increase in the number of non-erythemic forms in the recent years is probably associated with the development of immunodeficiency in the population of the industrial center, as well as with the use of more sensitive and informative methods of laboratory diagnostics. Conclusions. Specific prophylaxis is highly effective, helping to prevent infection in more than 90% of cases.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5368
Author(s):  
Valeria Iliadi ◽  
Ina Konstantinidou ◽  
Konstantina Aftzoglou ◽  
Sergios Iliadis ◽  
Theocharis G. Konstantinidis ◽  
...  

Previous studies have shown that COVID-19 leads to thrombotic complications, which have been associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Neutrophils are the largest population of white blood cells and play a pivotal role in innate immunity. During an infection, neutrophils migrate from circulation to the infection site, contributing to killing pathogens. This mechanism is regulated by chemokines such as IL-8. Moreover, it was shown that neutrophils play an important role in thromboinflammation. Through a diverse repertoire of mechanisms, neutrophils, apart from directly killing pathogens, are able to activate the formation of thrombi. In COVID-19 patients, neutrophil activation promotes neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, platelet aggregation, and cell damage. Furthermore, neutrophils participate in the pathogenesis of endothelitis. Overall, this review summarizes recent progress in research on the pathogenesis of COVID-19, highlighting the role of the prothrombotic action of neutrophils in NET formation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Dody Ranuhardy

Introduction: Febrile neutropenia have a high morbidity and mortality impact for the patient. The mortality rate of febrile neutropenia in 2002 was 38.8%, while it was 27.3% in 2009. The difference in mortality rates could be caused by several factors such as availability of the Neutropenic Fever Management Guidelines in 2006, in addition to infrastructure, human resources and equipment. This study aims to determine the role of guideline availibility and other factors to cancer mortality rate in the immunocompromised isolation room of Dharmais Hospital. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional retrospective study which investigate mortality rates and compare with adherence to febrile neutropenia guidelines for the period 2008-2012. Data were taken from the patient's medical record file, and then analysed using univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: The mortality rate in the period 2008-2012 was 20.7%. The correlation between age, sex, and degree of risk factor on mortality was not significantly different (p=0,409, p=0,404, and p=0,324). The proportion of deaths was higher in patients borne by third parties (26.8%) than in the case of personal (10%) although not statistically significant (p=0,065). From the three types of adherence, only one had a significant effect of adherence to treatment flow (p=0,033). Conclusions: The availibility of management guideline can reduce mortality rate of febrile neutropenia even though from the three types of adherence, only one had a significant effect of adherence to treatment flow (p=0,033).


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Irmi Syafa’ah ◽  
Resti Yudhawati

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of major health problems in the world, with high morbidity and mortality rates. According to Global Tuberculosis Report 2015, Indonesia ranks as country with the 2nd highest number of TB cases in the world. Airway was described as a ‘gateway’ to the main pathogens, allergens and particles from the external environment. It has surveillance function that filtering beneficial and non-beneficial antigens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) as the causative agent of TB. MTB is a mucosal transmitted pathogen, infects human through mucosal tissue of respiratory tract. Airway mucosa was considered as the first barrier as well as inductive sites to initiate mucosal immune response against MTB. In this literature, the role of mucosal immune system, in this case especially airway mucosa, and its role against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans will be further discussed.


Author(s):  
G. I. Tikhonova ◽  
M. S. Bryleva ◽  
T. Yu. Gorchakova

Standardized mortality rates of the male population aged 15-59 in Monchegorsk, where the Kola mining and metallurgical company is located, were higher relative to the Murmansk region and Russia: from diseases of the circulatory system by 34.8% and 52.1%, respectively, from malignant neoplasms by 26.3% and 19.4%, from diseases of the digestive system by 59.0% and 36.3%.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Huseyin BUYUKGOL ◽  
◽  
Fatma Aysen EREN ◽  

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Laknitskaya

Currently, one of the priority medical and social problems is the optimization of treatment methods for pyoderma associated with Streptococcus pyogenes — group A streptococcus (GAS). To date, the proportion of pyoderma, the etiological factor of which is Streptococcus pyogenes, is about 6 % of all skin diseases and is in the range from 17.9 to 43.9 % of all dermatoses. Role of the bacterial factor in the development of streptococcal pyoderma is obvious. Traditional treatment complex includes antibacterial drugs selected individually, taking into account the antibiotic sensitivity of pathognomonic bacteria, and it is not always effective. Currently implemented immunocorrection methods often do not take into account specific immunological features of the disease, the individual, and the fact that the skin performs the function of not only a mechanical barrier, but it is also an immunocompetent organ. Such an approach makes it necessary to conduct additional studies clarifying the role of factors of innate and adaptive immunity, intercellular mediators and antioxidant defense system, that allow to optimize the treatment of this pathology.


Author(s):  
Ирина Викторовна Евстафьева

В статье исследуются вопросы попечительства в отношении несовершеннолетних, отбывающих наказание в виде лишения свободы. Проблема, поднимаемая автором настоящей статьи, многогранна, касается различных аспектов отбывания наказания несовершеннолетними в воспитательных колониях и требует комплексного исследования, способного ответить на определенно значимый вопрос: является ли колония законным представителем находящихся в ней несовершеннолетних со всеми вытекающими из статуса законных представителей последствиями. При этом необходимо обращать внимание на специфику правового статуса лиц, отбывающих наказание в воспитательных колониях, которые, во-первых, являются несовершеннолетними, то есть не обладают дееспособностью в полном объеме и нуждаются в особой заботе, защите и представительстве, а во-вторых, осуждены за совершение тяжкого или особо тяжкого преступления, влекущего изоляцию от общества и определенные ограничения и лишения. Отечественное законодательство достаточно детально регламентирует особенности режима отбывания наказания в виде лишения свободы несовершеннолетними, не определяя при этом статуса воспитательных колоний, кем они являются: воспитателями, попечителями или исключительно учреждениями исполнения наказаний. Между тем правильное понимание значения и роли воспитательной колонии в жизни находящихся в ней несовершеннолетних преступников, по мнению автора, поможет избежать ряда проблем, объективно складывающихся в учреждениях подобного рода. С этой точки зрения предлагаемая тема представляет интерес не только для ученых-теоретиков, но и для практиков - сотрудников соответствующих учреждений. Особо следует подчеркнуть, что исследований по данной тематике в специальной литературе нет. Отдельные исследования, встречающиеся в современной литературе, касаются исключительно общего гражданско-правового статуса несовершеннолетних осужденных. Однако это обстоятельство может свидетельствовать только о новизне данной темы, но никак не об отсутствии самой проблемы. The article analyzes the issues of the status of educational colonies as guardians of minors serving a sentence of imprisonment. In fact, the problem raised by the author of this article is multifaceted, concerns various aspects of the serving of punishment by minors in educational colonies and requires a comprehensive study that can answer, it seems, a definitely significant question: whether the colony is the legal representative of the minors in it with all the consequences arising from the status of legal representatives in the form of duties and responsibilities. At the same time, it seems, it is necessary to pay attention to the specifics of the legal status of citizens serving sentences in educational colonies, who, firstly, are minors, i.e. do not have full legal capacity and need special care, protection and representation, and, secondly, are convicted of committing a serious or particularly serious crime, entailing isolation from society and certain restrictions and deprivation. Domestic legislation regulates in sufficient detail the peculiarities of the regime of serving sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty by minors, without determining the status of educational colonies. Who are they: educators, Trustees or only institutions of execution of punishments. Meanwhile, the correct understanding of the importance and role of the educational colony in the life of juvenile offenders in it, according to the author, will help to avoid a number of problems that objectively develop in institutions of this kind. From this point of view, the proposed topic is of interest not only for theoretical scientists, but for practitioners-employees of relevant institutions. It should be emphasized that there are no studies on this subject in the special literature. However, this circumstance can testify only about novelty of the given subject, but in any way about absence of the problem. It seems that the relevance and importance of a problem is not always measured by the number of studies devoted to it. Sometimes these its traits are manifest only under particularly careful consideration.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Areeg Elmusrati ◽  
Justin Wang ◽  
Cun-Yu Wang

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an aggressive malignancy, is characterized by high morbidity and low survival rates with limited therapeutic options outside of regional surgery, conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, and irradiation. Increasing studies have supported the synergistic role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer advancement. The immune system, in particular, plays a key role in surveillance against the initiation, development, and progression of HNSCC. The understanding of how neoplastic cells evolve and evade the immune system whether through self-immunogenicity manipulation, or expression of immunosuppressive mediators, provides the foundation for the development of advanced therapies. Furthermore, the crosstalk between cancer cells and the host immune system have a detrimental effect on the TME promoting angiogenesis, proliferation, and metastasis. This review provides a recent insight into the role of the key inflammatory cells infiltrating the TME, with a focus on reviewing immunological principles related to HNSCC, as cancer immunosurveillance and immune escape, including a brief overview of current immunotherapeutic strategies and ongoing clinical trials.


Author(s):  
Thomas Köllen ◽  
Susanne Kopf

AbstractSo far, management research on mechanisms of exclusion of employee groups has mainly applied constructs of racism to understanding issues of origin-based ostracism. This research has primarily focused on issues faced by employees whose heritage is markedly different from the heritage shared by the norm group in the given socio-cultural, linguistic, and geographical setting. Against this backdrop, the present study investigates how ostracism plays out when the heritages involved are similar, as exemplified by German employees in Austria. Study 1 examines the discursive production of Austrian stereotyping of Germans in the usage of different terms of reference for ‘Germans’ in Austrian discourse. A corpus analysis of online comments on newspaper sites highlights the implicit Austrian need for delineation against Germany. Study 2 analyzes Germans’ perception of Austrians’ exclusionary linguistic practices and how this impacts on their employment experience and turnover intention. A quantitative analysis of survey data from 600 German nationals employed in Austria reveals that the degree of exposure to these demarcating practices is associated with lower job satisfaction, a higher burnout level and an increase in turnover intention. This study is amongst the first to shed light on the central role of nationalism and national identities in organizational mechanisms of exclusion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 356-363
Author(s):  
Anel Yakupovich ◽  
Shankar Rajeswaran ◽  
Jared Green ◽  
James S. Donaldson

AbstractBiliary and gallbladder diseases in infants and children often present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges that require a fundamental understanding of notable biliary diseases and anatomical variations. Surgical and endoscopic approaches that are often the gold standard in adult biliary treatment may be technically challenging and are associated with a high morbidity that may warrant a multidisciplinary treatment approach. This article will provide a comprehensive overview of the biliary conditions where interventional radiology can play a vital role in the diagnosis, management, and treatment. Differences in approach or technique between children and adults will be highlighted.


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