State of the Russian Oncology Service: malignant neoplasms of the tongue (C01, 02), age-specific incidence rate, localization and histological structure. Part 1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vakhtang M. Merabishvili ◽  
Elvira N. Merabishvili ◽  
Alexander M. Shcherbakov ◽  
Alexander B. Vasiliev ◽  
Alexey F. Barsukov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Tongue Cancer ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Cancer Registration ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
First Year ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Tongue Neoplasms

Malignant tongue neoplasms (C01, 02) belong to the group of rare visual tumor localizations. Only data on the primary tongue cancer registration can be obtained by the state statistics, mortality rate data are summarized and presented in the list of 14 headings of ICD-10-C00-14 - malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and pharynx, it is impossible to obtain any analytical characteristics at the All-Russian or regional level (the distribution of patients by stages of the disease, mortality of patients in the first year of observation, accumulated patient population, etc.). This information can be obtained only from the databases created by the Population-based Cancer Registries (PCR) of a country. Aim. The aim is to study the prevalence of tongue cancer and the detailed structure of morbidity, to calculate a number of analytical indicators characterizing tongue cancer at the population level of the Federal District for the first time in Russia. Materials and methods. Based on the materials of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), statistical reference books of the P. Hertsen Moscow Oncological Research Institute, our own extensive materials and the newly created PCR database at the level of the Northwestern Federal District of Russia, to study all the possible aspects set in the research objectives, using a set of methodological techniques recommended by the IARC, of which we are a member No. 221. Results. The study has shown that tongue cancer morbidity rate of the population (standardized indicator the world standard) in the various countries from 1970 to 2010 has increased slightly or maintained its level. In Russia, such an assessment can be carried out only from 1989 to 2018. During this period, the incidence of tongue cancer among males has increased from 2.2 to 2.43 0/0000, among females from 0.4 to 0.71 0/0000. In the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, the incidence of males has reached 2.69, females 0.82 0/0000. The mortality rate of patients in the first year of observation (PCR database) has decreased from 2000 to 2018 from 59.5 to 43.1%, but remains significantly above the EU average.

scholarly journals Lung cancer (C33, 34). Morbidity, mortality, accuracy of registration, localization and histological structure (population study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-367
Author(s):  
Vakhtang Merabishvili ◽  
Iuliia Iurkova ◽  
Aleksandr Shcherbakov ◽  
Evgenii Levchenko ◽  
Anton Barchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
First Year ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Value ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
First Time

Lung cancer (LC) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the population of Russia and many economically developed countries of the world. At the same time, referring to localizations with a high mortality rate, the official data on the number of recorded primary cases (which form the incidence rate) are significantly underestimated, which is confirmed by the registration reliability index, which in many territories is higher than critical values. The aim of our study is to present the real state of the prevalence of PC in Russia, based on the newly created database (DB) of the population cancer register (PRR) of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation (NWFD RF) — the only one in Russia. We analyzed the loss of the number of primary patients who were not included in the state reporting, showed the real value of the achieved death rate of patients in the first year of dispensary observation, calculated the patterns of annual mortality of patients, the median of survival and 1 and 5-year survival of patients with lung cancer based on the database of the population cancer registry. Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, on the materials of which for the first time in Russia the dynamics of changes in the detailed localization and histological structure of lung cancer was traced.

scholarly journals The state of cancer care in Russia: lung cancer, patient survival (population study at the federal district level)

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-500
Author(s):  
Vakhtang Merabishvili ◽  
Iuliia Iurkova ◽  
Evgenii Levchenko ◽  
Aleksandr Shcherbakov ◽  
Nikolai Krotov
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
One Year

Lung cancer (LC) remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality in many economically developed countries of the world. In 2019, more than 60 thousand primary cases of LC and more than 50 thousand deaths from this cause were recorded in Russia. The registration reliability index remains high - 0.83, which indicates a significant underestimation of primary patients.At the same time, it should be noted that the standardized rates of morbidity and mortality from LC continue to decline. The most effective criterion for evaluating the activity of the oncological service is the indicator of the observed and relative survival of patients with malignant neoplasms (MNO). Such a possibility exists in many territories of Russia, but it is calculated only in selected territories working according to our programs, and first of all, in the newly created population cancer register of the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD) with a database (DB) of more than 1 million. 350 thousand observations.The results obtained can be fully extended to the whole of Russia, since the levels of standardized indicators of morbidity and mortality from LC in Russia and the NWFD of the Russian Federation are practically identical.The study showed that from 2000 to 2017, the median survival rate of patients with LC in the NWFD increased from 6.4 to 8.0 months, and the one-year mortality rate decreased from 65,2% to 60,8%.The change in indicators is extremely slow. Differences in the mortality rate (in standardized indicators) from LC between men and women differ in Russia by 7,1, in the NWFD of the RF - by 7.0.Mortality in men from LC in the first year of observation is 63.5% versus 52.5% among the female population, which is primarily due to the peculiarities of the industrial production process and bad habits that are more characteristic of the male population.

scholarly journals Malignant neoplasms of the heart, prevalence, weather mortality, median survival and survival of patients, taking into account the stage of diseases, localization and histological structure of tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Vakhtang M. Merabishvili
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Cardiac Tumors ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

Malignant cardiac tumors are rare but dangerous tumors with a high mortality rate, not represented at the population level in any statistical collection. The study of its prevalence is possible only using the system of population cancer registries created in the world. Moreover, not at the regional level, only at the level of the federal district or the entire country. In 1993 we created the first in Russia Population-based Cancer Registry. In February 2019, it was possible to combine cancer registries of all 11 administrative territories of the North-West of Russia, with a population of more than 13 million inhabitants and a database of more than 1 million 100 thousand patients. It was only after the creation of the population cancer registry of the Northwestern Federal District that it became possible to study the patterns of prevalence and survival of patients in all tumor localizations, including, among other things, rare malignant cardiac tumors.

State of the Russian Oncology Service: malignant neoplasms of the tongue C01, 02 (mortality rate in patients, median survival of patients, taking into account the stage of the disease and the histological structure of the tumor). Part II

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vakhtang M. Merabishvili ◽  
Elvira N. Merabishvili ◽  
Alexander M. Shcherbakov ◽  
Alexander B. Vasiliev ◽  
Alexey F. Barsukov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Tongue Cancer ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Oncology Service

Malignant neoplasms of the tongue occupy 0.55% in the general structure of the cancer incidence in Russian population. No information on other parameters (the number of deaths, mortality of patients, their distribution by stages of the disease and other analytical indicators) is provided in the official reporting. The opportunity appeared only with the development of Population-based Cancer Registries (PCR) system, but this wealth of material is not used for the official reporting. Tongue cancer is a visual localization with a high mortality rate, which requires special attention. The study was conducted to investigate the state of Russian Oncology Service for tongue cancer patients with the calculations of one-year mortality rate, annual mortality rate, median survival, 1,3,5-year observed and relative survival rates, first time in Russia, at the level of the newly created Population-based Cancer Registry of the Federal District. In Russia, there has been little research on the analysis of the cancer survival rate at the population level. We have been conducting developments for all malignant tumors localizations since 2000 based on the St. Petersburg PCR database. The level of 5-year observed and relative survival rates for tongue cancer patients in Russia (St. Petersburg and the NWFD RF) has been found to be significantly lower than the EU average (Eurocare-4). To carry out this study, 5188 observations from the NWFD RF PCR database were selected. It has been established that during 4 periods of observation, the mortality rate for tongue cancer patients during the first year of observation in the NWFD RF has decreased under the C01 rubric (cancer of the base of the tongue) from 58.5 to 45.8%; and under the C02 rubric (malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified parts of tongue) from 54.5 to 42.7%. The five-year survival rate for tongue cancer patients has increased by 23.3%.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality dynamics in the Far Eastern Federal District

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
V. P. Kolosov ◽  
L. G. Manakov ◽  
E. V. Polyanskaya ◽  
J. M. Perelman
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
First Year ◽  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Far Eastern

Introduction. New viral respiratory infections in humans make it possible to speak of corona viruses as extremely dangerous human pathogens. They are characterized by a high mortality rate and pose a significant medical and social threat to society due to life-threatening complications of the disease. In this regard, it seems necessary to answer the questions about the dynamics of mortality of the population of the region for different classes of ICD-10 in the prepandemic and pandemic period, including various nosological forms of respiratory diseases. Aim. To assess the degree of influence of the pandemic of the new respiratory coronavirus infection COVID-19 on the mortality rate of the population for various classes of ICD-10, including the class “Diseases of the respiratory system” in the Far Eastern Federal District.Materials and methods. To implement the tasks of the study, a complex of analytical, epidemiological and statistical studies was carried out. Methods used: descriptive statistics, epidemiological analysis and monitoring; mathematical; structural and comparative analysis, methods of time series analysis and content analysis of publications on the problem. Epidemiological and statistical assessment of mortality was carried out on the basis of ICD-10 using the database of the Federal State Statistics Service for 1999-2020 in the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District. For the analysis and processing of statistical information, modern information systems and computer programs (MS Excel-2016) were used. Results. The pandemic of COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the level and structure of mortality across the entire spectrum of the main causes of death, and its magnitude (98.8 per 100,000, 2020), as a new cause of death, exceeds the whole the class of causes of death ICD-10 (J00-J99) by 33.3%, changing the pace and direction of demographic processes in Russia. At the same time, the dynamics of mortality due to respiratory diseases is unprecedented, the level of which in the Russian Federation in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic increased by 38.8%, and in the Far Eastern Federal District – by 27.7% against the background of the previous long-term stable a downward trend in mortality rates. Especially high growth rates of mortality rates are observed in pneumonia, the level of which has increased by 3.5 times over the last decade, and among city residents – by 4.2 times (Amur Region). Features of the socio-economic and natural-climatic living conditions of the population of the region determine a significant differentiation of regions in terms of mortality rates, including due to respiratory diseases, the gradients of which among the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District in the first year of the pandemic period (2020) amounted to 2.5 times with a minimum the level in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (40.9 per 100,000 population) and the maximum – in the Jewish Autonomous Region (101.7 per 100,000 population), which indicates the ambiguous degree of influence of the new viral infection on the dynamics of mortality. At the same time, the variability in mortality rates due to respiratory diseases in the previous period (1999-2019) was even more pronounced, and among the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, during this period, higher mortality rates were also demonstrated, which are not even comparable to the current level of the pandemic period. These circumstances require a detailed study and a substantive analysis of the degree of influence of a COVID-19 on the mortality rate of the population using mechanisms and methods for its detection, record and registration. Conclusion. The pandemic of COVID19 had a significant impact on the level and structure of mortality across the entire spectrum of major causes of death, especially in the ICD-10 class “Respiratory diseases”, changing the pace and direction of demographic processes.

scholarly journals The state of cancer care in Russia: malignant neoplasms of the skin (C44). Typical mortality, median survival, observed and relative survival, taking into account the stage of the disease. Population-based research at the federal district level

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-645
Author(s):  
Vahtang Merabishvili
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Skin Neoplasms ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
The North ◽  
Malignant Skin ◽  
North Western

In the previous article, we presented an analysis of the prevalence and quality of registration of patients with malignant neoplasms of the skin (C44) in Russia and the North-Western Federal District, showed the quality of accounting and revealed the features of the dynamics of localization and histological structure. In this report, for the first time in Russia, our attention is focused on the nature of evaluating the effectiveness of anti – cancer measures based on the main criterion-calculating the survival rates of patients with malignant skin neoplasms at the level of the North-Western Federal District, whose level of "rough" and standardized indicators of morbidity and mortality of the population practically does not differ from the average Russian one. Calculations of all types of survival rates of patients with malignant skin neoplasms (C44) at the federal district level became possible after the organization in February 2019 of a single database (DB) of the cancer registry of the North-Western Federal District, numbering more than 1 million cases of ZNO, including more than 20,000 with malignant melanoma of the skin (2.0%). The created database allows for in-depth development of the dynamics of the localization and histological structure for any part of the localization structure (lip, ear, trunk, etc. parts of the body), which is not available for conducting on the basis of state reporting forms formed before receiving all the information characterizing the state of the oncological service, not to mention that when analyzing the activities of the oncological service, databases of population cancer registers are not used and calculations of the main criterion for its assessment – the calculation of patient survival.

INDEX OF ACCURACY AND SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT MELANOMA OF THE SKIN (C43), TAKING INTO ACCOUNT BY THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND STAGE OF THE DISEASE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1165-1173
Author(s):  
В. М. Мерабишвили ◽  
Э. Н. Мерабишвили
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Skin Melanoma ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

Настоящее исследование посвящено изучению особенностей достоверности учета и эффективности лечения больных на популяционном уровне с привлечением надежных аналитических показателей выживаемости, исчисленных по международным стандартам, с учетом гистологической структуры опухолей и стадии заболевания. Для проведения любых исследовательских разработок мы, в первую очередь, должны убедиться в надежности отобранного для исследования материала. Среди шести основных наиболее надежных критериев оценки деятельности онкологической службы, таких как заболеваемость, смертность, уровень морфологической верификации опухолей, важнейшее значение имеют такие показатели, как индекс достоверности учета, погодичная летальность и выживаемость больных злокачественными новообразованиями. Цель работы - определить уровень достоверности учета больных меланомой кожи (С43) и ее динамику с 1995 по 2018 г. по России в целом и по ряду административных территорий. Исчислить пятилетнюю выживаемость в СЗФО РФ с учетом гистологической структуры опухолей и стадии заболевания. Материалом для исследования являются статистические сборники, в том числе авторские, база данных ракового регистра СЗФО РФ. Использованы стандартные методы статистического анализа. Важно отметить, что по всем административным территориям, чьи базы данных Популяционного ракового регистра были привлечены для расчета пятилетней наблюдаемой и относительной выживаемости, уровень показателей выживаемости больных злокачественной меланомой кожи существенно ниже среднеевропейских (Eurocare-4). Таким образом, проведенное исследование выявило существенное улучшение учета больных злокачественной меланомой кожи. Вместе с тем, сохраняется относительно низкий уровень расчетных показателей пятилетней наблюдаемой и относительной выживаемости больных злокачественной меланомой кожи. The present study examines the characteristics of registration accuracy and efficiency of treatment of patients at the population level using reliable analytical indicators of survival of patients, calculated according to international standards, taking into account the histological structure of tumors and the stage of the disease. For any research development, we must first ensure the reliability of the material selected for research. Among the six main most reliable criteria for evaluating the activities of the cancer service, such as morbidity, mortality, and the level of morphological verification of tumors, such indicators as the index of reliability of accounting, primary mortality, and survival of patients with malignant neoplasms are of the most important importance. The aim of the work is to determine the level of reliability of accounting for patients with skin melanoma (C43) and its dynamics from 1995 to 2018. for Russia as a whole and for a number of administrative territories. Calculate the five-year survival rate in the North-Western Federal District, taking into account the histological structure of tumors and the stage of the disease. The material for the study is statistical collections, including author’s ones, the database of the cancer register of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation. Standard methods of statistical analysis were used. It is important to note that for all administrative territories whose population cancer registry databases were used to calculate the five-year observed and relative survival rates, the survival rate of patients with malignant skin melanoma is signifi cantly lower than the European average (Eurocare-4). Thus, the study revealed a significant improvement in the treatment of patients with malignant melanoma of the skin. At the same time, the estimated fiveyear observed and relative survival rates of patients with malignant melanoma of the skin remain relatively low.

Analysis of Medical Care for Children with Cancer in the Central Federal District in 2017: Ecological Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Yu. Rykov
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Central Federal District ◽  
The Russian Federation

Background. Planning the management for medical care delivery for children with cancer, as well as analysis of the effectiveness of medical care delivery is based on the statistical indicators analysis.Objective. Our aim was to analyze the main indicators characterizing medical care delivery for children with cancer in the Central Federal District.Methods. The operative reports for 2017 provided by the executive health protection authorities of 18 subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the Central Federal District have been analyzed.Results. The study enrolled the following data: number of children was 6 824 049 (0–17 years), pediatric oncological departments — 9, pediatric oncological beds — 464, days of berth employment per year — 319.3. The number of practitioners providing medical care to children with cancer was 91, 64 (70.3%) of them had a certificate of training as a pediatric oncologist. In 11 subjects, the department of pediatric oncology was not available; one of the districts did not provide any pediatric oncological beds. The number of primary patients with malignant neoplasms was 821. The number of deceased patients was 156 including 66 identified in 2017. The incidence of malignant tumors was 12 (per 100 000 for the 0–17 age group), the mortality rate was 2.3 (per 100 thousand for the age group 0–17 years), one-year mortality rate — 8%. We failed to reveal the average time from diagnosis establishing till its validation before the treatment onset since the reports did not provide precise information on the point. 12 (1.5%) primary patients left for treatment abroad.Conclusion. Most reports included indicators which lack congruity with one another. The incidence rates were significantly lower than those in countries with high statistical reliability. The percentage of patients identified actively remained extremely low. To improve the revealed defects a single database of children with oncological diseases should be implemented in the Russian Federation.

The state of cancer care in Russia: esophageal cancer (morbidity, mortality, reliability of accounting, typical mortality). Population-based research at the federal district level. Part I.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vakhtang M. Merabishvili
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
First Year ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Accuracy Index ◽  
The Russian Federation

Malignant neoplasms (MNO) of esophagus is the localization with a high mortality rate. Years of searching for effective treatment in Russia have resulted in modest success. The median survival rate of patients is expressed in months, 70% of patients die in the first year of dispensary registration, the levels of one-year mortality rates for men and women practically do not differ. The esophageal cancer (EC) morbidity and mortality rates have slightly decreased in 20002018 in Russia and has declined only among the male population of the Northwestern Federal District. Aim of the study. To study the trends in the morbidity and mortality rates in the population of Russia and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. Qualitative analytical indicators, such as the accuracy index and the year-to-year mortality patterns in esophageal cancer patients, will be further considered. Results of the study. The highest standardized EC morbidity rates of the population were found in Zimbabwe (Harare, Africans) 15.5 0/0000, Japan (Miyage) 14.3 0/0000 and the Arkhangelsk region of Russia 12.8 0/0000. In 2000-2019 the level of standardized morbidity rates of the Russian population with EC has decreased from 3.44 to 3.19 0/0000 or 7.3% (both sexes), mortality rates from 3.32 to 2.66 0/0000, or 19.9%. A decrease in the morbidity and mortality rates from EC occurred in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, only among the male population. Annual EC mortality rate mainly occurs according to the classical model. The highest level is determined in the first year of follow-up (72-74%); by the end of the decade, only 4.1% of patients remain from those initially recorded. The accuracy index has decreased in Russia and in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, respectively, to 0.84 and 0.86 (both sexes) but has remained above the critical mark of 0.7 for localizations with a high mortality rate.

Pylorus-Preserving Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Evaluation of 50 Cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
SM Shakhwat Hossain ◽  
Ferdous Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Proper Patient Selection ◽  
Periampullary Neoplasms

Introduction: Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the procedure of choice for periampullary neoplasms. It is considered as a major surgical procedure. It is associated with relatively higher postoperative mortality and morbidity rate, however, with development of technology, proper patient selection, meticulous operative technique, appropriate postoperative care, morbidity and mortality rate has decreased subsequently. Up to the 1970s, the operative mortality rate after pancreaticoduodenectomy approached 20% but it has been reduced to less than 5% in recent reports. This study is designed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy procedure in our set up. Objective: To evaluate the outcome of the pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy procedure with the intention to measure operation time and per-operative bleeding, observing postoperative anastomotic leakage and gastric emptying time. To find out postoperative wound infection and complications to detect the dumping syndrome. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka from July 2013 to January 2017. Fifty patients who underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticodudenectomy procedure were included in this study. Results: Out of 50 postoperative patients, 12(24%) patients developed complications. Of these patients, 3(6%) developed wound infection, 2(4%) developed bile leakage and 2(4%) developed postoperative haemorrhage. Pancreatic fistula, vomiting, delayed gastric emptying and abdominal collection all were 1(2%) each. Postoperative mortality was 3(6%). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the development of postoperative complications after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy is as similar as published in different studies. Better outcome can be achieved with meticulous pre-operative evaluation of risk factors and per-operative skill maneuvering. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 42-45

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