Structural circumstances in the main types of fatal concomitant injury in children

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mikhaylovich Karavayev
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Structure Damage ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Concomitant Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Aggregate Amount

On the material of forensic research 284 corpses of children (108 own observations, 176 archive acts), died as a result of falling from height, hitting a moving car, drive to the wheels and the injury in a car, a study of the structure damage. Investigated the frequency and distribution of damage to the skin, skeletal and organ separate areas of the body, carried out the combined assessment of the extent of the damage when the considered variants of the circumstances of the injury. It is established that the children injured in the car to head injury in various manifestations, found in 100 % of cases. Damage to other areas of the body are less frequent than when hit by a car, moving its wheels and when falling from a height. In this regard, the aggregate amount of damages in case of injury in a car in children was less than for other types of trauma. The distribution of damage between the areas marked in cases of moving the wheels of the car; on trauma to the head, chest and limbs accounted for the same proportion of the damage. Under the circumstances spine-spinal cord injury, damage, neck, abdomen and pelvis met more frequently than other considered variants of injury. In cases of moving the wheels of the car and marked the largest amount of damage that significantly exceeds (рφ < 0,001) indicators when falling from a height, the shock of your vehicle and injury in his cabin.

scholarly journals Walking with Neuropathic Pain: Paradoxical Shift from Burden to Support?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Kopsky ◽  
Jan M. Keppel Hesselink ◽  
Roberto Casale
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Body Schema ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Pain Patient ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Cord Injury

Baclofen 5% cream can be used for the treatment of neuropathic pain. We describe an unusual case of a neuropathic pain patient with spinal cord injury. A 71-year-old woman with a partial spinal cord injury lesion at L4 complained of tingling, pins and needles, and burning in her legs. She scored her pain as 6 before adding baclofen 5% cream to her pain medication (pregabalin 450 mg, acetaminophen 3000 mg, and diclofenac 150 mg daily). One month later she experienced complete pain relief, though experienced increased difficulties in walking, leading to frequent falls. Her steadier walking without stumbling and falling was more important to her than pain reduction. Thus she decided to stop using baclofen. This unusual case report discusses two important issues that relate to pain medicine and rehabilitation in patients with painful spinal cord lesions: (1) the presence of wide areas of sensory loss “covered” by the presence of painful sensations and (2) pathological sensations that can be used and integrated in the body schema to create an improved spatiovisual orientation and thus mobility. Both these aspects have to be taken into account when treating pain and design rehabilitation programs.

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro models of traumatic injuries of the spinal cord

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
O. Rybachuk ◽  
I. Arkhypchuk ◽  
Yu. Lazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cord Injury

In recent years, there is a growing interest in the mechanisms of regeneration of damaged nerve tissue, including the spinal cord, as its injuries are quite common due to traffic accidents, industrial injuries and military actions. Damage to the spinal cord results in the loss of functional activity of the body below the injury site, which affects person’s ability to self-service and significantly reduces its efficiency. The effects of spinal injuries annually cause significant social and economic losses worldwide, including Ukraine. The development of new treatments for pathologies of the central nervous system requires mandatory pre-testing of their effectiveness in experiments in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, searching and creation of optimal animal model of spinal cord injury is in order to it meets most complete picture of the damage characteristic of real conditions in humans. This is an important task of modern neurophysiology. Such models can be used, primarily, for a more detailed clarification of the pathogenesis of all levels of nerve tissue damage and research of its own recovery potential by endogenous reparation mechanisms. In addition, experimental models allow to estimate the safety and predict the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches to spinal cord injury.

Prophylactic Inferior Vena Cava Filter Insertion for Trauma: Intensive Care Unit versus Operating Room

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Gonzalez ◽  
Mabelle Cohen ◽  
Patrick Bosarge ◽  
Jeffrey Ryan ◽  
Charles Rodning
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Cord Injury

The frequency of insertion of prophylactic inferior vena cava filters (IVCF) among traumatized patients has increased nationally. That has placed a substantial operational and economic burden upon trauma centers. The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast successful implantation, morbidity, and cost-effectiveness of prophylactic IVCF insertion in a surgical-trauma intensive care unit (STICU) versus an operating room (OR). A retrospective chart review was conducted of all trauma patients who received a prophylactic IVCF at an urban Level I trauma center between January 1999 and December 2003. Data were collected to identify patient demographics, indications, anatomical site of insertion, hospital location of insertion, hospital days before insertion, and complications associated with insertion. One hundred thirty-four patients underwent prophylactic IVCF during the study period: seventy-eight (58%) in the OR and fifty-six (42%) in the STICU. The average age of patients for the OR and STICU groups were 38.6 years and 39.6 years, respectively. The average number of days to IVCF insertion was 6.5 days and 7.0 days in the OR and STICU groups, respectively. Indications for IVCF among patients who had placement in the OR were orthopedic injury (60%), spinal cord injury (25%), and head injury (15%). Indications for IVCF among patients who had placement in the STICU were head injury (38%), orthopedic injuries (34%), and spinal cord injury (25%). Three (3.8%) patients in the OR group and two (3.6%) patients in the STICU group required a change of anatomic insertion site from the femoral to the internal jugular vein. There were two (2.6%) complications associated with IVCF insertion in the OR and two (3.5%) complications associated with IVCF insertion in the STICU (P > 0.05). Insertion of IVCF in the STICU decreased patient-cost by an average of $1636 per patient. Prophylactic IVCF insertion in an STICU is cost-effective and can be performed with similar success and complication rates to IVCF insertion in an OR.

Pleiotropic Effects of Statins: Untapped Potential for Statin Pharmacotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohammad ◽  
H. Nguyen ◽  
M. Nguyen ◽  
M. Abdel-Rasoul ◽  
V. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Nuclear Cataract ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Statin Use

Background: Statins are effective for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. They also have systemic anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties suggesting potential utility for improving clinical outcomes for a wide range of diseases. The literature provides data suggesting benefit in patients with comorbidities associated with contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, head injury, neurological disease (e.g. Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease), prostate cancer, nuclear cataract and spinal cord injury. This systematic review evaluates the current evidence supporting the potential benefit of statins outside their customary role of attenuating cardiovascular risk reduction. </P><P> Methods: The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for studies published January 2000 - March 2018 reporting comorbidity reduction associated with statin use. </P><P> Results: Fifty-eight publications that satisfied our selection criteria (based on the PRISM guidance for systematic reviews) were selected and included case-control, cohort, cross-sectional and observational studies as well as systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Ten studies addressed statin use and incidence of CIN after coronary imaging; 8 addressed statin use in patients with COPD; 14 addressed statin use and comorbidity reduction associated with head injury and/or a neurological disease disorder; 5 addressed the association between statin use and nuclear cataract; 9 addressed the association between statin use and prostate/colorectal cancer; 9 studies addressed the role of statin use in treating infections; and 3 addressed the association between statin use and spinal cord injury related survival rate. </P><P> Conclusion: Overall, the literature supports beneficial pleiotropic effects of statin use in contrastinduced nephropathy, head injury, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, nuclear cataract, prostate cancer, infection management, and spinal cord injury. Further investigation is warranted, and randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the clinical utility suggested by the reported studies included in this meta-analysis.

A Survey to Determine How Occupational Therapists in Ontario Rehabilitation Units are Using Microcomputers for Patient Treatment in Clinical Programs

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathie Marina
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Speech Therapist

Thirty four Ontario Rehabilitation units were surveyed to determine how occupational therapists use microcomputers for patient treatment. Twelve rehabilitation units (35.3% of the sample) presently have microcomputers and 11 of these units have recently purchased the microcomputer for clinical use. Stroke, head injury and spinal cord injury patients were identified as the population that use the microcomputer. The APPLE 11 microcomputer was the most popular type chosen by rehabilitation units. Commercially available software programs are used for cognitive, perceptual, educational and recreational purposes. Satisfaction level with the quality of the software, however, was only 42.8%. Finally, it was noted that the speech therapist was the primary professional who liaised with the occupational therapist.

Effects of Acute and Chronic Midthoracic Spinal Cord Injury on Neural Circuits for Male Sexual Function. I. Ascending Pathways

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 1381-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Hubscher ◽  
Richard D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urogenital Tract ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Nociceptive Information ◽  
Ascending Pathways ◽  
Dorsal Columns

Normal male reproductive function, particularly ejaculation, requires the integrity of urogenital sensory input and its ascending spinal projections. After midthoracic chronic spinal cord injury, sexual dysfunction occurs in both rats and humans. Neurons in the medullary reticular formation (MRF) are involved in the processing of bilaterally convergent sensory inputs from multiple cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral regions of the body, including the penis and male urogenital tract. A variety of acute and chronic lesions were used to determine the midthoracic location of ascending spinal pathways conveying sensory input from the penis and male urogenital tract to MRF. A total of 371 single neurons were recorded in the MRF of 34 urethan-anesthetized mature male rats. Twenty-seven rats received a chronic T8dorsal (DHx) or lateral (LHx) hemisection or contusion (Cx) injury 30 days before the terminal electrophysiological experiments. In addition, nine dorsal nerve of the penis (DNP)-responsive MRF neurons in seven intact control animals were tested completely both before and after various select acute spinal cord lesions. The chronic lesion data indicate that low and high threshold input from the penis (mucocutaneous) and male urogenital tract (visceral) ascend bilaterally within the dorsal quadrant at T8 as opposed to high threshold input from the hindpaws (cutaneous), which ascends unilaterally in the ventrolateral quadrant (VLQ). The acute lesion data indicate that the low-threshold information conveyed from the penis and male urogenital tract ascends in the dorsal columns, as opposed to the high-threshold nociceptive inputs that ascend bilaterally in the dorsolateral quadrant (DLQ). These results, as well as previous data on ascending projections from female reproductive organs within the dorsal columns and DLQ to other caudal brain stem nuclei, provide evidence for ascending pathways conveying nociceptive information centrally via the DLQ. This spinal gray-DLQ pathway(s) conveying information from mucocutaneous/pelvic/visceral territories therefore differs from the traditionally recognized spinal gray-VLQ pathway(s), which is known to convey nociceptive information from cutaneous regions of the body.

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