scholarly journals Standardized ophthalmic tests for evaluating reading parameters: a brief historical review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Sergey Alekseevich Koskin ◽  
Ivan Ruslanovich Stepanets
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Reading Acuity ◽  
Reading Charts ◽  
Success Of Treatment ◽  
Salzburg Reading Desk

In the review, the analysis of the most common ophthalmic standardized tests for evaluating reading was carried out: BaileyLovie Word Reading Charts, MNREAD Acuity Chart, Radner reading chart, SmithKettlewell Reading Test (SKread), IReST, Salzburg Reading Desk, Ramulu test, Radner paragraph optotypes, Balsam AlabdulkaderLeat (BAL) chart, Chinese Reading Acuity Charts (C-READ), chart for reading threshold and reading speed evaluation by T.S. Egorova. The following parameters were considered: maximum reading speed, reading threshold, reading acuity, reading accessibility index, threshold reading speed. Recovering the ability to read fluently is one of the criteria for assessing the success of treatment, as well as quality of life for patients of various age groups

Age-related changes in baseline reading acuity and speed as measured using RADNER Reading Charts in healthy eyes with best corrected ETDRS distance acuity

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1518-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Radner ◽  
Thomas Benesch
Keyword(s):  
Reading Speed ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Reading Acuity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Reading Charts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Healthy Eyes

PurposeTo assess age-related differences in baseline measures of reading performance obtained from the RADNER Reading Charts in healthy eyes with best corrected (ETDRS) distance acuity.MethodsCross-sectional study of participants (n=200) aged 25–74 years (n=20 per 5 years age group). Best corrected distance visual acuity was measured monocularly with ETDRS 2000 Charts. Reading performance was evaluated binocularly with the RADNER Reading Charts. Reading acuity (RA), reading acuity score (RA score), mean reading speed (MEAN-RS), maximum reading speed, reading speed with a long paragraph, critical print size (CPS) and the logMAR/logRAD ratio were analysed.ResultsRA, RA score, CPS-1 (last logRAD with normal reading speed) and ETDRS acuity did not change significantly between age 25 and 54 years. Overall, the mean RA was −0.091±0.07 logRAD, and the RA score was −0.069±0.07 logRAD. The mean difference between the RA and best ETDRS acuity was 0.0603±0.055 logMAR (r=0.62; p<0.05). The logMAR/logRAD ratio was 87.75%±11.23%. The MEAN-RS ranged from 189±21.9 words per minute (wpm) for the group aged 70–74 years to 236±22.5 wpm for the group aged 40–44 years and correlated well with the long paragraph results (r=0.87).ConclusionBest corrected RA, reading speed and ETDRS distance acuity were constant until the age of 54 years. An age-related break point was found between the groups aged 50–54 years and 55–59 years; for reading speed, the break point can be assumed to be within the age range of 50–54 years.

Sustainability Failure in the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in a Secondary Care Hospital from Cuba: A Historical Review of 30 Years and 3 Shots

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Guanche Garcell ◽  
Juan José Pisonero Socias ◽  
Gilberto Pardo Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship Program ◽  
Continuous Quality ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

Background: During the last 30 years an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) was implemented in a facility with periods of weakness. We aim to describe the history of the sustainability failure in the local ASP. Methods: A historical review was conducted using original data from the facility library and papers published. An analysis of factors related to the failure was conducted based on the Doyle approach. Results: The first ASP was implemented from 1989 to 1996 based on the international experiences and contributes to the improvement in the quality of prescription, reduction of 52% in cost and in the incidence of nosocomial infection. The second program restarts in 2008 and decline in 2015, while the third program was guided by the Pan-American Health Organization from 2019. This program, in progress, is more comprehensive than previous ones and introduced as a novel measure the monitoring of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery. The factors related to the sustainability were considered including the availability of antimicrobials, the leader´s support, safety culture, and infrastructure. Conclusions: The history behind thirty years of experiences in antimicrobial stewardship programs has allowed us to identify the gaps that require proactive strategies and actions to achieve sustainability and continuous quality improvement.

Leukemia Support Groups: How Are They Doing?

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-412
Author(s):  
Donna Corwin Moss
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
Practical Impact

Background Support groups help their participants to cope with the emotional and practical impact of their illnesses. Methods The effectiveness of the Leukemia Society of America support groups in enhancing the quality of life for their participants is reviewed. The groundwork, purpose, and structure of such groups, as well as alternate sources of support, are presented. Evaluation and future directions for oncology groupwork are discussed. Results Support groups complement the therapies provided by clinical practitioners and scientists by addressing the additional needs of cancer patients over the course of illness and survival. Conclusions New concepts and methods that address the needs of specific age-groups and incorporate the newly generated data on cancer treatments will further enhance the benefits provided by support groups.

scholarly journals Children’s Understanding of Informed Assents in Research Studies

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 871
Author(s):  
Hortense Cotrim ◽  
Cristina Granja ◽  
Ana Sofia Carvalho ◽  
Carlos Cotrim ◽  
Rui Martins
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Objective Understanding ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Acceptance Of Health Care

The assent procedure reflects an effort to enable the minor to understand, to the degree they are capable of, what their participation in the decision making process would involve. Aims: To evaluate the minors’ ability to understand the information provided to them when obtaining assent and to evaluate the opinion of the parents regarding the importance of asking the child’s assent. Methods: The sample included a total of 52 minors aged between 10 and 17 years who underwent exercise echocardiogram. The Quality of Informed Consent is divided into two parts: Part A was used to measure objective understanding and part B to measure subjective understanding. Results: The results show that the minors have a high capacity to understand the information given to them when asking for assent. A positive relationship was found between the two parts of the questionnaire. No statistically significant relationship was found between age and sex and part A and part B or between both age groups (<14 years old and ≥14 years old) and the measure. In the case of the parents, 96.6% of parents consider assent as an advantage for the child’s acceptance of health care. The opinion of the parents is not related to the age, sex or level of schooling. Conclusion: Minors showed a substantial level of understanding regarding the information provided to them. The parents considered the implementation of assent fundamental to the child’s acceptance of health care.

scholarly journals Oral Health Related Quality of Life and Prosthetic Status among Institutionalized Elderly from the Bucharest Area: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6663
Author(s):  
Laura Iosif ◽  
Cristina Teodora Preoteasa ◽  
Elena Preoteasa ◽  
Ana Ispas ◽  
Radu Ilinca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Prosthetic Status ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to assess the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of elderly in care homes, one of Romania’s most vulnerable social categories, to correlate it to sociodemographic, oral health parameters, and prosthodontic status. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was performed on 58 geriatrics divided into 3 age groups, who were clinically examined and answered the oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire. Very high rates of complete edentulism in the oldest-old subgroup (bimaxillary in 64.3%; mandibular in 64.3%; maxillary in 85.7%), and alarming frequencies in the other subgroups (middle-old and youngest-old), statistically significant differences between age groups being determined. The OHIP-14 mean score was 14.5. Although not statistically significant, females had higher OHIP-14 scores, also middle-old with single maxillary arch, single mandibular arch, and bimaxillary complete edentulism, whether they wore dentures or not, but especially those without dental prosthetic treatment in the maxilla. A worse OHRQoL was also observed in wearers of bimaxillary complete dentures, in correlation with periodontal disease-related edentulism, in those with tertiary education degree, and those who came from rural areas. There were no statistically significant correlations of OHRQoL with age, total number of edentulous spaces or edentulous spaces with no prosthetic treatment. In conclusion, despite poor oral health and prosthetic status of the institutionalized elderly around Bucharest, the impact on their wellbeing is comparatively moderate.

Food intake, physical activity and quality of life among children and youth

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Emília Martins ◽  
Rosina Fernandes ◽  
Francisco Mendes ◽  
Cátia Magalhães ◽  
Patrícia Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Life Habits ◽  
Definition Of

BACKGROUND: The health-related quality of life construct (QoL) implies a relationship with eating habits (EA) and physical activity (PA). Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables (gender, age and Body Mass Index - BMI) are highlighted in the definition of healthy lifestyle habits promotion strategies. OBJECTIVE: We aim to characterize and relate PA, EA and QoL in children/youth and explore gender, age and BMI influences. METHODS: It is a non-experimental study, with 337 children/youth, ages between 8 and 17 years (12.61±2.96), mostly from the rural inland of Portugal. In data collection we used a sociodemographic and anthropometric questionnaire, a weekly register table of EA and Kid-Kindl (QoL). Statistical analysis (p <  0.05) were performed in SPSS-IBM 25. RESULTS: Lower BMI was associated with better EA (p <  0.001), PA (p <  0.05) and self-esteem (p <  0.01) and worse scores on family subscale of QoL. Female showed higher fruit intake (p <  0.05). The older has shown better results. PA is positively correlated with QoL (p <  0.01) and EA (p <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to explore other relevant social and family dimensions, to promote intervention programs with parents, school and community, as well as healthy practices policies. The intervention in these age groups is critical for a longer-term impact in improving healthy life habits.

scholarly journals Post audio-visual biofeedback training visual functions and quality of life in paediatric idiopathic infantile nystagmus: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212199104
Author(s):  
Monica Daibert-Nido ◽  
Yulia Pyatova ◽  
Michelle Markowitz ◽  
Maryam Taheri-Shirazi ◽  
Samuel N Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Infantile Nystagmus ◽  
Fixation Stability ◽  
Better Than

Purpose: Biofeedback training (BT) was adapted to idiopathic infantile nystagmus syndrome (IINS) cases to enhance visual functions and quality of life (QoL). Methods: 10 patients (age 9 ± 3.2 years) treated with the audio-visual BT module of the MAIA microperimeter (Centervue, Padova, Italy) were assessed in two baseline visits and 1week post-BT (BT 80 min in total). The outcomes were distance and near binocular best corrected visual acuity (BBCVA), fixation stability, reading speed, contrast sensitivity, stereopsis and Children’s Visual Function Questionnaire. One-way repeated measured ANOVA and paired t-tests were used. Results: Distance BBCVA improved from 0.46 ± 0.21 and 0.43 ± 0.18 pre-BT to 0.33 ± 0.2 logMAR post-BT ( F (2,27) = 13.75, p = 0.0002). Post-BT was better than baseline ( p = 0.0001) and pre-BT ( p = 0.001). Near BBCVA improved from 0.23 ± 0.09 and 0.21 ± 0.14 pre-BT to 0.04 ± 0.08 post-BT (F (2,27) = 22.12, p = 0.000014), post-BT was better than baseline ( p = 0.0001) and pre-BT ( p = 0.0006). Stereopsis improved from 283 ± 338″ to 39 ± 32.2″ ( p = 0.04), contrast sensitivity from 0.26 ± 0.17 to 0.08 ± 0.12 log units ( p = 0.01), and reading speed improved from 74.7 ± 51.2 wpm to 104.7 ± 53.6 wpm ( p = 0.0006). Fixation stability improved from 33.6 ± 28.1 to 14.3 ± 10.1 sq. QoL increased from 23.8 ± 2.2 to 26.3 ± 2.3 units ( p = 0.001). Conclusion: BT benefited all visual functions and QoL in this pilot study, heralding a new possibility for Low Vision Rehabilitation in IINS.

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