scholarly journals Diagnosis of schizotypal disorder: reliability of categorial approach or validity of dimensional one?

2021 ◽  
Vol LIII (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Aleksandr P. Kotsiubinskii ◽  
Yulia V. Isaenko
Keyword(s):  
Mental Status ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Functional Diagnosis ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Categorical Attributes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Schizotypal Disorder ◽  
Scientific Base

The article examines the problem of modern classifications used in psychiatry (ICD, DSM) that are devoid of the fundamental scientific base and primarily serve the goals of statistics and epidemiological research. In this context researchers are increasingly interested in the relationship between the two diagnostic approaches: categorical and dimensional. It is noted that each of these approaches has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this context it is proposed to take into consideration while making a diagnosis of schizotypal disorder not only typological (categorical) attributes but also dementia characteristics of the patients mental status, which, in the holistic approach, should be compared with the psychological, social and functional diagnosis.

scholarly journals Geocomputing, New Technologies and Historical Analysis: Tools for a Changing Planet

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Sebastiano Trevisani
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Relationship

Modern Earth Scientists need also to interact with other disciplines, apparently far from the Earth Sciences and Engineering. Disciplines related to history and philosophy of science are emblematic from this perspective. From one side, the quantitative analysis of information extracted from historical records (documents, maps, paintings, etc.) represents an exciting research topic, requiring a truly holistic approach. On the other side, epistemological and philosophy of science considerations on the relationship between geoscience and society in history are of fundamental importance for understanding past, present and future geosphere-anthroposphere interlinked dynamics.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Ecological Changes, Social Behaviour and Human Intergroup Tolerance 300,000 to 30,000 BP

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Spikins ◽  
Jennifer C. French ◽  
Seren John-Wood ◽  
Calvin Dytham
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Behaviours

AbstractArchaeological evidence suggests that important shifts were taking place in the character of human social behaviours 300,000 to 30,000 years ago. New artefact types appear and are disseminated with greater frequency. Transfers of both raw materials and finished artefacts take place over increasing distances, implying larger scales of regional mobility and more frequent and friendlier interactions between different communities. Whilst these changes occur during a period of increasing environmental variability, the relationship between ecological changes and transformations in social behaviours is elusive. Here, we explore a possible theoretical approach and methodology for understanding how ecological contexts can influence selection pressures acting on intergroup social behaviours. We focus on the relative advantages and disadvantages of intergroup tolerance in different ecological contexts using agent-based modelling (ABM). We assess the relative costs and benefits of different ‘tolerance’ levels in between-group interactions on survival and resource exploitation in different environments. The results enable us to infer a potential relationship between ecological changes and proposed changes in between-group behavioural dynamics. We conclude that increasingly harsh environments may have driven changes in hormonal and emotional responses in humans leading to increasing intergroup tolerance, i.e. transformations in social behaviour associated with ‘self-domestication’. We argue that changes in intergroup tolerance is a more parsimonious explanation for the emergence of what has been seen as ‘modern human behaviour’ than changes in hard aspects of cognition or other factors such as cognitive adaptability or population size.

Material Properties and Design Aspects of Folding Bicycle Frame

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Maleque ◽  
M.S. Hossain ◽  
S. Dyuti
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Bicycle Frame ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Study

successful design of folding bicycle should take into account the function, material properties, and fabrication process. There are some other factors that should be considered in anticipating the behavior of materials for folding bicycle. In order to understand the relationship between material properties and design of a folding bicycle and also for the future direction in new materials with new design, a comprehensive study on the design under different conditions are essential. Therefore, a systematic study on the relationship between material properties and design for folding bicycle has been performed. The advantages and disadvantages matrix between conventional bicycle and folding bicycle is presented for better understanding of the materials properties and design. It was found that the materials properties of the folding bicycle frame such as fatigue and tensile strength are the important properties for the better performance of the frame. The relationship between materials properties and design is not straight forward because the behavior of the material in the finished product could be different from that of the raw material. The swing hinge technique could be a better technique in the design for the folding bicycle frame.

ON INTERACTION OF MATERIAL AND PROCEDURAL LAW IN THE CONTEXT OF REFORMING THE NOMENCLATURE OF SCIENTIFIC SPECIALTIES IN JURISPRUDENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-231
Author(s):  
S.I. Suslova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Dialectical Logic ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Civil Science ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: the influence of the material branches of law on the content and development of procedural branches has long been substantiated in the legal literature. At the same time, civil law scholars, limited by the scope of the nomenclature of scientific specialties in legal sciences, do not have the opportunity to conduct dissertation research aimed at identifying the influence of procedural branches on the norms of substantive law. With regard to scientific research, the study of such an impact is currently permissible only within the specialty 12.00.15. Reforming the nomenclature of scientific specialties towards its enlargement creates the basis for the development of the scientific theory of intersectoral relations, developed by M.Iu. Chelyshev. An in-depth study of the intersectoral interaction of civil law and civil procedure will contribute not only to the development of scientific knowledge, but also will allow solving practical problems at a different methodological level. Purpose: to analyze the stages of the formation of scientific specialties in the context of the relationship between civil law and procedure, to identify the advantages and disadvantages of uniting and dividing civil law and procedure in scientific research, to analyze dissertations in different periods of development of the science of civil law and the science of civil procedure, to formulate ways to improve directions of research to bridge the gap between the science of civil law and procedure. Methods: empirical methods of description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. The legal-dogmatic private scientific method was used. Results: identified the main views on the ratio of material and procedural branches in legal science; it is illustrated that the intersectoral approach is currently admissible only for dissertations in the specialty 12.00.15, which led to an almost complete absence of scientific research on this topic in civil science; substantiated the need to establish the bilateral nature of the relationship and interaction of material and procedural block. Conclusions: reforming the nomenclature of scientific specialties by right in the direction of their enlargement should have a positive effect on bridging the gap that has developed between works on civil law and civil law procedure in the last years of their separate existence. This is especially true of civil science, which developed its own scientific theories in isolation from the possibilities of their implementation within the framework of procedural law. The methodological basis for solving these problems has already been formed – this is an intersectoral method, the application of which is justified and demonstrated in the works of M.Iu. Chelyshev.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND SUSTAINABILITY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PEDAGOGY AND NATURE IN ITALIAN AND INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENTS / EDUCAZIONE AMBIENTALE E SOSTENIBILITÀ: UN'ANALISI DELLA RELAZONE TRA PEDAGOGIA E NATURA NEI DOCUMENTI ITALIANI ED INTERNAZIONALI

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Natalini
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Lifelong Education ◽  
General Sense ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
The Relationship

In a general sense, environmental education can be understood as a process that leads to a better understanding of the relationship between man and the natural environment, and sustainability as the possibility for those who come after us to be able to do the same things we can do today. Environmental education and sustainability as such imply collaboration between all social actors in the prevention and resolution of environmental problems. Direct contact with nature in education implies the assumption of a holistic approach, which sees in the relationship between economics, politics, society and ecology a useful tool for educating the new generations, as already widely noted by prominent early 20th century pedagogues such as Giuseppina Pizzigoni. Environmental education is therefore a type of holistic and lifelong education, including education "about, for and through" the environment, the importance of which has grown over time, partly as result of increasingly frequent environmental disasters. These have been followed by various measures, such as the Tbilisi Declaration, the Declaration of the Rights of Nature, the Brundtland Report, the Kyoto Protocol, the Aahrrus Convention, Agenda 2021, Agenda 2030 and so on, in which environmental education and sustainability have been strongly linked to educational processes, so much so that, in Italy, they have been treated in an interdisciplinary key and borrowed in the National Indications (MIUR, 2012) and the National Indications and New Scenarios (MIUR, 2018), as well as in the 2014 Environmental Education Guidelines for Sustainable Development. The contribution, starting from data considerations, focuses on the construction of attitudes, behaviours and conducts in school contexts related to care and protection, as well as environmental awareness, which are combined with those of protection and teaching capable of reading and preserving the environment from the perspective of sustainability. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0798/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals The Method for Product Design Selection with Incomplete Linguistic Weight Information Based on Quality Function Deployment in a Fuzzy Environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Quality Function ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fuzzy Environment ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Design Selection ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

The selection of a design for the given product is a critical problem in product design development. Focuses of the designers and customers on the design are not identical. In order to bridge the gap and provide a more relaxing way to select the design, a new method based on quality function deployment (QFD) is proposed. In such a method, customers are required to give their linguistic preferences on the design with respect to the customer requirements (CRs). In the rating of the weight of CRs, they are allowed to provide incomplete linguistic weight information and the objective optimization model is proposed to derive the exact linguistic weight information. Designers are required to rate the correlation between design requirements (DRs) and the relationship between the CRs and DRs to construct the house of quality. Opinions given by the customers are translated into the opinions with respect to the DRs based on the QFD. Afterwards, the priorities of the designs and design requirements are determined. The assessment results not only show the contribution of each design requirement to the customer satisfaction but also show the advantages and disadvantages of each design from the designers’ perspective clearly and directly. An example is provided to validate the applicability of the proposed method.

A qualitative exploration of young people and prison officers’ experiences of empathy within a young offenders’ institution

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Anne Tarrant ◽  
Alison Torn
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Institutional Investment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to explore the ways in which young people and prison staff (Prison Officers) within a youth custodial establishment experience empathy. Previous research tends to view empathy as a stable trait and one which people can develop through individual-centred therapy. There has been little consideration of the impact of relationship factors and context in relation to empathy experience and expression. The current study aims to address this by exploring the role of the custodial context in shaping empathy, including the potential impact of relationships, environmental factors and culture. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was used to enable breadth and depth in the exploration of this area. Individual, semi-structured interviews were carried out with a purposive sample of three young people and three Prison Officers. Data was analysed using inductive thematic analysis informed by the guidelines of Braun and Clarke (2006) and King and Horrocks (2010). Findings Constructed themes included “constructions of empathy”, “recipe for empathy”, “institutional investment”, “the value of empathy” and “doing empathy”. Together, they provide detailed insight into the interplay of personal and wider contextual factors influencing the experience of empathy in a custodial setting. The findings suggest that the way in which young people and staff experience empathy in the custodial environment is unique. The findings suggest that empathy takes place within the context of relationships and is influenced by the nature of those relationships, along with the wider social context within which it occurs. Practical implications The findings of the current study support a move away from understanding empathy as an individual personality trait and instead viewing it as a dynamic experience that is changeable based upon the relationship and the context within which it occurs. The findings suggest that interventions aiming to develop empathy should look beyond the level of the individual and the relationship and focus upon developing environments that are supportive of empathy. Originality/value This study provides unique insights into the subjective experience of empathy in a custodial setting, presenting as one of the first to take a more holistic approach to understand this phenomenon.

Tree-Building Algorithms and Philosophies

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-185
Author(s):  
Andrew V. Z. Brower ◽  
Randall T. Schuh
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Bayesian Techniques ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Computational Capability ◽  
Intractable Problems ◽  
Character Weighting ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Tree Building ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parsimony Criterion

This chapter evaluates “quantitative cladistics” in detail, including the issues of fit, parsimony algorithms, and character weighting. Although systematists have long associated characters with taxa, the relationship between character data and “phylogeny” has not always been obvious. The ideas of Willi Hennig clarified this relationship, and the formalization of these concepts in a quantitative method, via the parsimony criterion, allowed for computer implementation of phylogenetic inference and the feasible solution of previously intractable problems. It is this computational capability that took the study of taxonomic relationships from an almost purely qualitative and speculative enterprise to one dominated by the use of computer software and “objective” methodologies. The chapter then discusses the use, advantages, and disadvantages of maximum likelihood and Bayesian techniques as alternative approaches to the application of parsimony.

Finance

2021 ◽  
pp. 305-350
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Time Value Of Money ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Time Value ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Value Of Money

This chapter deals with the principles of finance as applied in the foodservice industry. It discusses the concept of revenue management, financial analysis and reporting, financial control, principles of budgeting, and forecasting. Specifically, it discusses finance in general and of the financial system and the meaning and application of financial management. It introduces the basics of the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of organizations. The important topics presented are the relationship of finance to other business disciplines, basic financial information in decision-making, understand financial statements, and financial ratios. It applies several analysis tools and techniques to learn about the time value of money, interest, and interest rates.

Factors Associated With Suicidal Attempt Among School-Going Adolescents in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8_suppl) ◽  
pp. 73S-79S
Author(s):  
Fazly Azry Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak ◽  
Noor Ani Ahmad ◽  
S. Maria Awaluddin ◽  
Noor Aliza Lodz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Suicidal Attempt ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
School Based ◽  
Parental Connectedness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Factors

Various factors contribute to suicidal attempt. This study aims to determine the relationship between suicidal attempt and its associated factors among school-going adolescents in Malaysia. Data from the National Health and Morbidity 2017 survey were analyzed. This survey was implemented as a nationwide school-based survey targeting adolescents 13 to 17 years old. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analysis was done using SPSS version 20. A total of 27 399 adolescents participated in this survey. The prevalence of suicidal attempt was 6.9% (95% confidence interval = 6.2-7.7). Multivariate analysis found that the odds of suicidal attempt among adolescent with depression is 4.3 (adjusted odds ratio = 4.3; 95% confidence interval = 3.9-4.8). Other significant factors are young adolescent, non-Malay ethnicities especially Indian, adolescent with parents living apart, and those without peer support and parental connectedness. A holistic approach for the planning of preventative strategies and public health policies should be made according to these risk factors.

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