scholarly journals Academician V.M.Bekhterev. Therapeutic value of hypnosis. SPb. 1900

2020 ◽  
Vol VIII (4) ◽  
pp. 186-188
Author(s):  
B. Vorotynskiy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Sleep ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
Special Modification

The author's brochure is a revision of his article "On the Medical Significance of Hypnosis" published in 1894. In the present edition, the author has made some additions, based on the latest observations. In his work, the author is primarily concerned with clarifying the issue of the essence of hypnosis and, on the basis of his personal observations, is inclined more in favor of a view of hypnosis, as a special modification of normal sleep, caused by well-known principles. In terms of the strength and degree of development, various states of hypnosis can be fully likened to various degrees of natural sleep.

Italian Retrospect

1899 ◽  
Vol 45 (191) ◽  
pp. 804-806
Author(s):  
W. Ford Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Natural Sleep ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
The Subject

The Use of Lactophenin as an Hypnotic.—Christiani (Il Manicomio moderno, 1898, No. 2) has recently very strongly advocated the use of lactophenin as an hypnotic in the sleeplessness of the insane. Although his paper has already been noticed in this country (see Brit Med. Journ., 1898, vol. ii, Epitome, par. 448), in view of the probable importance of the subject, and the fact that the alleged therapeutic value of the drug has received strong confirmation from the experiments of Namirez (Brit. Med. Journ., 1899, vol. i, Epitome, par. 128), it may perhaps be useful to give an account of his observations here. He states that he has used lactophenin as an hypnotic in over two hundred cases of insanity, including practically all its various forms. He administered it in doses of from two to three grammes suspended in sweetened mucilage, one hour after supper. He concludes that the drug has an hypnotic action which is certain, rapid, intense, prolonged, and free from any danger. This action manifests itself in from half an hour to one hour after administration. The sleep induced resembles natural sleep. It is profound, quiet, and restorative, lasting generally from four to nine hours. Return to consciousness is not accompanied by any sensory, motor, or gastro-intestinal disturbances. The drug has no cumulative action. Its prolonged use does not give rise to inconvenience of any kind. In one case of general paralysis its administration was followed by jaundice, which, however, he thinks may have been due to some other cause. He has not found any contra-indication to its use in the existence of morbid physical conditions in the insane, such as nephritis cardiac disease, senility, pneumonia. & c. It may be given in any form of mental disease. In some instances it has failed, chiefly in cases of severe delirium. Like other hypnotics, it tends in many cases to gradually lose its effect. He believes that lactophenin is the hypnotic par excellence in insomnia of the insane accompanied by serious involvement of the physical health.

scholarly journals Bispectral Index Values of Natural Sleep and its Use in Sleep Endoscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokhan Yalciner ◽  
Mehmet Babademez ◽  
Hayati Kale ◽  
saliha atalay ◽  
Ebubekir Özer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Bispectral Index ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Sleep Endoscopy ◽  
Natural Sleep ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Normal Sleep

OBJECTİVE: To investigate the bispectral index values of normal sleep stages PATİENTS and METHOD: Simultaneous polysomnography and bispectral index recordings of 21 patients who underwent polysomnography for diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea were analyzed for determining the BIS values of normal sleep stages. RESULTS: BIS values are found sensitive in reflecting the various stages of natural sleep except for REM and stage N2. REM and stage N2 BIS values were close to each other. CONCLUSION: BIS is sensitive for the evaluation of the stages of natural sleep and BIS values decreases as the sleep stages becomes deeper

Prospects for convergent beam electron diffraction with a 200kV cold field-emission transmission electron microscope

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
J W Steeds ◽  
R Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction ◽  
Zone Axis ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Good Crystallinity ◽  
Special Modification ◽  
Convergent Beam

We review the analytical powers which will become more widely available as medium voltage (200-300kV) TEMs with facilities for CBED on a nanometre scale come onto the market. Of course, high performance cold field emission STEMs have now been in operation for about twenty years, but it is only in relatively few laboratories that special modification has permitted the performance of CBED experiments. Most notable amongst these pioneering projects is the work in Arizona by Cowley and Spence and, more recently, that in Cambridge by Rodenburg and McMullan.There are a large number of potential advantages of a high intensity, small diameter, focussed probe. We discuss first the advantages for probes larger than the projected unit cell of the crystal under investigation. In this situation we are able to perform CBED on local regions of good crystallinity. Zone axis patterns often contain information which is very sensitive to thickness changes as small as 5nm. In conventional CBED, with a lOnm source, it is very likely that the information will be degraded by thickness averaging within the illuminated area.

Sleep stage related heart rate variability distinguishes between insomnia and normal sleep

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Mikoteit ◽  
M De Witte ◽  
E Holsboer-Trachsler ◽  
M Hatzinger ◽  
J Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Normal Sleep

Inventory optimization considering the vehicle capacity and specifics of cash flows at rental storage sites

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
V.D. Gerami ◽  
I.G. Shidlovskii
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Cargo Capacity ◽  
Special Modification ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Vehicle Capacity

The article presents a special modification of the EOQ formula and its application to the accounting of the cargo capacity factor for the relevant procedures for optimizing deliveries when renting storage facilities. The specified development will allow managers to take into account the following process specifics in the format of a simulated supply chain when managing inventory. First of all, it will allow considering the most important factor of cargo capacity when optimizing stocks. Moreover, this formula will make it possible to find the optimal strategy for the supply of goods if, also, it is necessary to take into account the combined effect of several factors necessary for practice, which will undoubtedly affect decision-making procedures. Here we are talking about the need for additional consideration of the following essential attributes of the simulated cash flow of the supply chain: 1) time value of money; 2) deferral of payment of the cost of the order; 3) pre-agreed allowable delays in the receipt of revenue from goods sold. Developed analysis and optimization procedures have been implemented to models of this type that are interesting and important for a business. This — inventory management systems, the format of which is related to the special concept of efficient supply. We are talking about models where the presence of the specified delays for the outgoing cash flows allows you to pay for the order and the corresponding costs of the supply chain from the corresponding revenue on the re-order interval. Accordingly, the necessary and sufficient conditions are established based on which managers will be able to identify models of the specified type. The purpose of the article is to draw the attention of managers to real opportunities to improve the efficiency of inventory management systems by taking into account these factors for a simulated supply chain.

POLYPHARMACY IN ELDERLY OUT PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
E.A. Panova ◽  
V.A. Serov ◽  
A.M. Shutov ◽  
N.N. Bakumtseva ◽  
M.Yu. Kuzovenkova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Drug Prescriptions ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Start Criteria ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Elderly Outpatients ◽  
Oncological Diseases

The aim of the work is to study the daily practice of prescribing drugs at the outpatient stage of medical care and to analyze the data obtained based Beers 2012 criteria and STOPP / START version 1. Materials and Methods. The authors analyzed drug prescriptions for 150 outpatients, who were over 65 years old. Results. Cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the osteo-articular system and type 2 diabetes mellitus prevailed in the morbidity structure of patients. Oncological diseases, thyroid diseases, bronchial asthma, cataracts, pancreatitis, anemia, peptic ulcer disease were diagnosed in some patients. All drug prescriptions during the year were taken into account. Simultaneous prescription of more than 4 drugs was considered polypharmacy. All the patients were monitored for a year since drug prescriptions had been made. Death was taken as the end point. The authors considered drug therapy to be irrational according to Beers and STOPP / START criteria. The therapeutic value of drug prescription audit based on restrictive lists was evaluated. Conclusions. Polypharmacy is observed in more than half of elderly outpatients. According to Beers 2012 criteria, irrational drug therapy was detected in 20 % of elderly patients, according to STOPP and START lists – in 43.3 % and 66.6 %, respectively. The lack of drug prescriptions in accordance with START criteria is associated with increased mortality of elderly patients. Keywords: polypharmacy, pharmacotherapy, drug therapy, geriatrics, restrictive lists, Beers criteria, STOPP / START criteria. Цель работы – изучение ежедневной практики назначения лекарственных препаратов на амбулаторном этапе медицинской помощи и анализ полученных данных на основе критериев ограничительных перечней Бирса 2012 г. и STOPP/START версии 1. Материалы и методы. Проанализированы лекарственные назначения 150 пациентам старше 65 лет, находившимся на амбулаторном лечении. Результаты. В структуре заболеваемости пациентов преобладали сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, а также болезни костно-суставной системы и сахарный диабет 2-го типа. Онкологические заболевания, заболевания щитовидной железы, бронхиальная астма, катаракта, панкреатит, анемия, язвенная болезнь диагностированы у единичных больных. Учитывались все лекарственные назначения в течение года. За полипрагмазию принималось одновременное назначение более 4 препаратов. В течение последующего года отслеживалось состояние пациентов, за конечную точку принята смерть. Выявлена нерациональная лекарственная терапия на основе критериев Бирса и STOPP/START. Оценена терапевтическая значимость аудита лекарственных назначений по ограничительным перечням. Выводы. Полипрагмазия наблюдается более чем у половины амбулаторных пациентов пожилого возраста. На основе критериев ограничительных перечней Бирса 2012 г. нерациональная лекарственная терапия выявлена у 20 % пациентов пожилого возраста, на основе критериев STOPP и START – у 43,3 и 66,6 % соответственно. Отсутствие назначений лекарств в соответствии с критериями START ассоциировано с увеличением смертности пациентов пожилого возраста. Ключевые слова: полипрагмазия, фармакотерапия, лекарственная терапия, гериатрия, ограничительные перечни, критерии Бирса, критерии STOPP/START.

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