Effects prenatal exposure to peat smoke on the emotional behavior of rat offspring and its correction with fabomotizole

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Dinara M. Ivashova ◽  
Svetlana A. Litvinova ◽  
Tatiana A. Voronina ◽  
Iosif B. Tsorin
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Motor Reflex ◽  
Peat Smoke

Relevance. Long-term smoke from forest fires cause a wide range of health disorders, including somatic state, emotional status, and cognitive functions. The question of the consequences of exposure to combustion products of peat and wood during pregnancy for offspring remains open. Intention. The goal is to explore the disorders (anxiety, reflex behavior, aggression, etc.) that occur in the offspring of rats exposed to peat smoke in the early and late postnatal periods and the effect of fabomotizole on these disorders. Methodology. The research was conducted on the offspring of rats of both sexes from females forcibly exposed to peat smoke (1-20 days). The effect of peat smoke on rats and the protective effect of fabomotizole (1 and 10 mg / kg / 20 days of gestation) were studied in the early (5 days) and late (60-80 days) postnatal periods. The formation of the sensory-motor reflex, anxiety, aggression, and motor activity were assessed. Results and discussion. Exposure to peat smoke of pregnant females (from 1-20 days of gestation) causes a perturb in the formation of a sensory-motor reflex in the early postnatal period ( 5 days), a decrease in the level of natural adaptive reactions and intraspecific aggression, as well as an increase in locomotor activity in mature animals (60-80 days). Fabomotizole, when administered prenatally (1-20 days of gestation) at doses of 1 and 10 mg / kg, corrected the formation of a conditioned sensory-motor reflex in male and female rat pups, data of the emotional status and motor activity of sexually mature animals. Conclusion. The protective effect of fabomotizole on the offspring of rats prenatally exposed to peat smoke from the toxic effects of peat combustion products was revealed. Fabomotizole returns the studied behavioral reactions, disturbed by peat, to the level of the physiological norm, which confirms the previously established cyto- and neuroprotective properties of the drug.

scholarly journals Mini-Review Regarding the Applicability of Genome Editing Techniques Developed for Studying Infertility

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Bogdan Doroftei ◽  
Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie ◽  
Maria Puiu ◽  
Alin Ciobica ◽  
Ciprian Ilea
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Zinc Finger Nucleases ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Palindromic Repeat

Infertility is a highly debated topic today. It has been long hypothesized that infertility has an idiopathic cause, but recent studies demonstrated the existence of a genetic substrate. Fortunately, the methods of editing the human genome proven to be revolutionary. Following research conducted, we identified a total of 21 relevant studies; 14 were performed on mice, 5 on zebrafish and 2 on rats. We concluded that over forty-four genes in total are dispensable for fertility in both sexes without affecting host homeostasis. However, there are genes whose loss-of-function induces moderate to severe phenotypic changes in both sexes. There were situations in which the authors reported infertility, exhibited by the experimental model, or other pathologies such as cryptorchidism, cataracts, or reduced motor activity. Overall, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 are techniques that offer a wide range of possibilities for studying infertility, even to create mutant variants. It can be concluded that ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 are crucial tools in biomedical research.

Prediction of CO and NOx Pollutants in a Stratified Bluff Body Burner

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Gruhlke ◽  
Fabian Proch ◽  
Andreas M. Kempf ◽  
Enric Illana Mahiques ◽  
Stefan Dederichs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Bluff Body ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flame Region ◽  
Numerical Grid ◽  
Nitric Oxide Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine

The major exhaust gas pollutants from heavy duty gas turbine engines are CO and NOx. The difficulty of predicting the concentration of these combustion products originates from their wide range of chemical time scales. In this paper, a combustion model that includes the prediction of the carbon monoxide and nitric oxide emissions is tested. Large eddy simulations (LES) are performed using a compressible code (OpenFOAM). A modified flamelet generated manifolds (FGM) approach is applied with a thickened flame approach (ATF) to resolve the flame on the numerical grid, with a flame sensor to ensure that the flame is only thickened in the flame region. For the prediction of the CO and NOx emissions, pollutant species transport equations and a second, CO based, progress variable are introduced for the flame burnout zone to account for slow chemistry effects. For the validation of the models, the Cambridge burner of Sweeney and Hochgreb [1, 2] is employed, as both carbon monoxide and nitric oxide [3] data is available.

Assessment of retinal photosensitivity as an objective indicator of expression psychodense effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
Karen B. Ovanesov ◽  
Petr D. Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
Retinal Activity ◽  
Objective Indicator ◽  
Psychotropic Substances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Color Sensitivity ◽  
The One ◽  
Visual Apparatus

BACKGROUND: The retina of the eye, with its wide range of neurotransmitter systems, can be the point of application in the action of the psychotropic drugs, given their synaptotropic properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this regard, a complex of studies was carried out with the participation of volunteers to assess the effect of psychotropic substances with a depressing (melatonin, grandaxin, motherwort tincture) type of action on the functional state of the retina, registered by the campimetric method. In the course of the research, the photosensitivity of the retina and its ability to distinguish colors were evaluated. Moreover, the capabilities of the technique made it possible to assess retinal activity in the field of view from 0 to 21. Such an approach can not only demonstrate the interest of retinal cellular elements in the action of substances, but also raise the question of the participation of the visual system in the psychopharmacological effect more broadly. RESULTS: The work of the visual apparatus was studied both in healthy volunteers of different ages and in persons with emotional disorders, which were identified using special questionnaire tests. It was found that violations of the emotional status are often accompanied by a limitation of the photosensitivity of the retina of varying severity. These facts can be interpreted in different ways. On the one hand, violations of visual functions can lead to psychoemotional disorders and be a pathogenetic link in their development, and on the other hand, primary disorders of retinal light and color sensitivity can provoke the development of psychopathology. However, regardless of the pharmacological characteristics of the studied drugs with psychodeprimating activity, the connection between their anti-anxiety effect and changes in visual function seems to be obvious, which allows us to raise the question of the advisability of taking into account the photosensitivity of the retina for a comprehensive assessment of both the mental state of emotionally labile subjects and the pharmacodynamics of psychodemitting drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, it is legitimate to conclude that taking into account the light and color sensitivity of the retina can be one of the quantitative criteria for the severity and effectiveness of psychopharmacotherapy.

scholarly journals Behavioural system identification of visual flight speed control in Drosophila melanogaster

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (55) ◽  
pp. 171-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Rohrseitz ◽  
Steven N. Fry
Keyword(s):  
System Identification ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensory Motor

Behavioural control in many animals involves complex mechanisms with intricate sensory-motor feedback loops. Modelling allows functional aspects to be captured without relying on a description of the underlying complex, and often unknown, mechanisms. A wide range of engineering techniques are available for modelling, but their ability to describe time-continuous processes is rarely exploited to describe sensory-motor control mechanisms in biological systems. We performed a system identification of visual flight speed control in the fruitfly Drosophila , based on an extensive dataset of open-loop responses previously measured under free flight conditions. We identified a second-order under-damped control model with just six free parameters that well describes both the transient and steady-state characteristics of the open-loop data. We then used the identified control model to predict flight speed responses after a visual perturbation under closed-loop conditions and validated the model with behavioural measurements performed in free-flying flies under the same closed-loop conditions. Our system identification of the fruitfly's flight speed response uncovers the high-level control strategy of a fundamental flight control reflex without depending on assumptions about the underlying physiological mechanisms. The results are relevant for future investigations of the underlying neuromotor processing mechanisms, as well as for the design of biomimetic robots, such as micro-air vehicles.

scholarly journals Control of motor activity in crayfish by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone via motoneuron excitability and sensory-motor integration

2013 ◽  
Vol 216 (10) ◽  
pp. 1808-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bacque-Cazenave ◽  
F. Bouvet ◽  
P. Fossat ◽  
D. Cattaert ◽  
J. P. Delbecque
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Motoneuron Excitability ◽  
Sensory Motor

Motor Activity and Screening for Neurotoxicity

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Mac Phail ◽  
D. B. Peele ◽  
K. M. Crofton
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Automated Test Equipment ◽  
Chemical Exposures ◽  
Screening Battery ◽  
Reliability Sensitivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Activity Measures ◽  
The Many

Automated measures of motor activity have been used extensively to determine the functional impact of a wide range of chemical exposures, nervous system alterations, and environmental manipulations. The many factors that recommend motor activity for the routine preliminary assessment (screening) of the neurotoxic potential of chemicals include its noninvasive nature, ease of testing, availability of automated test equipment, and objectivity of the data. In this article, measures of motor activity were evaluated for their reliability, sensitivity, efficiency, and specificity. Motor activity measures were shown to be highly reliable both between subjects comprising a control group and across experimental control group replications. The sensitivity of motor activity measures generally is comparable to more sophisticated measures of neurobehavioral integrity, whereas their efficiency is characteristically superior. Although some questions may remain concerning the specificity of motor activity measures, data were presented to show that chemical-induced general malaise or sickness is not always associated with changes in motor activity. Motor activity measures possess many features that make them ideal for inclusion in a screening battery for neurotoxicity.

scholarly journals The state and the optimization conditions of the success achievement process in the formation of the students’ health culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-194
Author(s):  
Olga Lytvynenko ◽  
Diana Shelestiuk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Health Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Culture Formation ◽  
Higher Educational

The article deals with the problems of students’ healthcare of higher educational establishments. The Law of Ukraine «On Education», «The National Doctrine of the Development of Education in Ukraine», «The Concepts of Children and Youth Education in the National System of Education» emphasize the need to create organizational, psychological and pedagogical conditions for the personal and physical development and self-development of students, their self-realization in accordance with abilities, social and personal interests, preparation for independent life. The aim of the research is to find out the state of the students’ health culture formation and the ways to increase the level of health culture in the educational process of higher education. Pedagogical conditions for the health culture formation include the educational environment, that is the teacher of physical education, and the students’ involvement in sports and mass recreational work outside the classroom. It is necessary to offer students the opportunity to be engaged in motor activity at a time convenient for them, that is, to combine the directions of physical culture – physical education with mass sports, aimed at providing motor activity of students during their leisure time. The forms of conducting physical education classes (on a student’s choice) can be fitness classes, cheerleading, table tennis, badminton, power fitness, volleyball, football, aerobics, sports dances, etc. It is understandable that such forms of conducting classes require financial support to the higher educational establishments, which financially will not be able to provide themselves with such a wide range of health-motor programs. At the state level, this should be included into the legislative documents and be financially supported. An analysis of the questionnaire among students is given on the basis of which students choose modern, rather than classical, physical education, including strength fitness, dance fitness, cross-fitness, table tennis, badminton, football, volleyball, basketball; and a new form of conducting classes is a section work in stead of classical physical education classes.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Cucumis Melo (L). Fruit Extract and Its Silver Nanopartciles Against Den Induced Hepatocellular Cancer in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Vidya ◽  
K Kalaivani ◽  
P Amudha
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles have a wide range of biological activities and using nanoparticles as one of the novel approaches in cancer therapy. In this present research work, the anticancer efficacy of Cucumis melo fruit extract and its silver nanoparticles was explored. Wistar rats were divided into six groups and hepatic cancer was induced with 0.01 % DEN (diethylnitrosamine) through drinking water for 16 weeks. Cyclophosphamide was given as the standard drug at the dose of 50 mg / kg body weight. Hematological Parameters showed a decrease in the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC), and platelets (PLTS) levels except white blood cell (WBC) in DEN induced cancer animals. Significant alterations in the hematological parameters were observed after treatment which indicate the protective effect of Cucumis melo fruit on the hemopoietic system. The levels of liver function markers such as transaminases (AST ALT, ALP, LDH, GGT and 5’NT were significantly elevated in serum and liver of cancer bearing rats. Treatment with crude extract and silver nanoparticles of Cucumis melo fruit, indicating that Cucumis melo fruit could have exerted its protective effect. The levels of serum tumor markers viz., Alpha feto protein (AFP) and Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) elevated in rats induced with DEN, which then were reduced following Cucumis melo fruit treatment, indicating the anticancer activity of the drug. Histological evaluation of liver and kidney were also performed to authenticate the present work.

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