scholarly journals Control of motor activity in crayfish by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone via motoneuron excitability and sensory-motor integration

2013 ◽  
Vol 216 (10) ◽  
pp. 1808-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bacque-Cazenave ◽  
F. Bouvet ◽  
P. Fossat ◽  
D. Cattaert ◽  
J. P. Delbecque
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Motoneuron Excitability ◽  
Sensory Motor

scholarly journals Modulatory Action by the Serotonergic System: Behavior and Neurophysiology inDrosophila melanogaster

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zana R. Majeed ◽  
Esraa Abdeljaber ◽  
Robin Soveland ◽  
Kristin Cornwell ◽  
Aubrey Bankemper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Motor Circuits ◽  
Sensory Motor

Serotonin modulates various physiological processes and behaviors. This study investigates the role of 5-HT in locomotion and feeding behaviors as well as in modulation of sensory-motor circuits. The 5-HT biosynthesis was dysregulated by feedingDrosophilalarvae 5-HT, a 5-HT precursor, or an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase during early stages of development. The effects of feeding fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, during early second instars were also examined. 5-HT receptor subtypes were manipulated using RNA interference mediated knockdown and 5-HT receptor insertional mutations. Moreover, synaptic transmission at 5-HT neurons was blocked or enhanced in both larvae and adult flies. The results demonstrate that disruption of components within the 5-HT system significantly impairs locomotion and feeding behaviors in larvae. Acute activation of 5-HT neurons disrupts normal locomotion activity in adult flies. To determine which 5-HT receptor subtype modulates the evoked sensory-motor activity, pharmacological agents were used. In addition, the activity of 5-HT neurons was enhanced by expressing and activating TrpA1 channels or channelrhodopsin-2 while recording the evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in muscle fibers. 5-HT2 receptor activation mediates a modulatory role in a sensory-motor circuit, and the activation of 5-HT neurons can suppress the neural circuit activity, while fluoxetine can significantly decrease the sensory-motor activity.

scholarly journals Psychophysiological Mechanisms of Coordination Component of Psychomotor Abilities of the Musicians

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
S.G. Korlyakova
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Technique Development

Psychomotor abilities of the musician are implemented in performing technique and include muscle strength, endurance, speed of movements, coordination, motor memory. The article presents the materials of a theoretical study aimed to identify the level character of the coordination component of psychomotor abilities of musicians formation, to define the psychophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the effective development of musical-performing technique. The process of coordination component of psychomotor abilities of musicians formation reviewed in the light of N.. Bernstein theory on construction of movements, which most fully represents the interrelation of physiological and psychological mechanisms of a man motor activity. On the example of musical- performing activity of trained pianists the processes of intermuscular, spatial, sensory-motor (visual-motor, auditory-motor, tactile-motor) coordination formation are reviewed and in general – psychomotor coordination processes involved in musicians performing technique development.

Relation of Motor Performance to Perceived Movement in Rorschach Inkblots

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Willner ◽  
Ira Belmont
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Relational Concept

The present study examined the claim that an inverse relationship exists between the perception of movement and the production of motor activity. Since studies of motor activity and of perceived movement indicated that each is multidimensional in character, it was hypothesized, and the results obtained confirmed the fact, that no such inverse relationship exists. It was concluded that no simple inter-relational concept such as proposed by Herman Rorschach and by the Werner-Wapner sensory-tonic theory can be used as the basis for examining complex sensory and sensory-motor interactions.

Contribution of Different Tastes on 100 mL Water Swallow Test

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
D Thejaswi ◽  
Sukriti Kunwar ◽  
Biya Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Taste Threshold ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Clinical Difference ◽  
Sensory Motor

ABSTRACT Introduction The complex sensory motor activity of swallow consists of transferring food from the mouth to the stomach. Several evidences on swallow biomechanics reveal different tastes leading to variations in swallow. However, there exists dearth of studies exploring this area using simple noninvasive effective procedure like 100 mL water swallow test. Aims The present study focused to observe swallow ability across 100 mL neutral, sweet, salt, sour, and bitter liquids in healthy young adults. Materials and methods A total of 30 healthy adults within the age of 18 to 23 years participated. All were given lukewarm neutral, sweet, sour, salt, and bitter tastes to swallow individually in a handheld 120 mL cup. Simultaneously, the clinician monitored total time taken to swallow and number of hyolaryngeal movements to calculate volume per swallow, time per swallow, and swallow capacity. Subjects also ingested 10 mL of each taste to estimate the taste threshold which were rated on a minima of 0- point to a maxima of 10-point visual analog scale. Results Statistical test and repeated measures of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed no significance at 95% confidence level. However, clinical difference was noted with neutral taste having highest volume per swallow, increased swallow capacity, and least time per swallow. Following this, sweet taste had higher volume per swallow and swallow capacity while sour taste had increased time per swallow. Conclusion The present study helps in understanding the wide dynamic nature of swallow which modulates the physiology as per the bolus ingested. How to cite this article Thejaswi D, Kunwar S, Mathew B. Contribution of Different Tastes on 100 mL Water Swallow Test. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2016;6(1):27-31.

The Effect of a Rhythmic and Sensory Motor Activity Program on Perceptual Motor Spatial Abilities of Kindergarten Children

1966 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Painter
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Activity Program ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Kindergarten Class

The twenty lowest functioning children in a normal kindergarten class were divided into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group was given a systematic rhythmic and sensory motor activity program based on nine movement areas of Barsch's Movegenic theory and on suggestions from Kephart. Significant mean gains were made by the experimental group in the expected areas of remediation, thus demonstrating the efficacy of such a program in a group setting within a regular public school kindergarten and suggesting the use of these methods in the amelioration of certain types of learning disabilities.

Non-Contingent Stimulation: Effects of Stimulus Movement on Infants' Visual and Motor Behavior

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Vietze ◽  
Steven Friedman ◽  
Martha Foster
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Stimulus Movement ◽  
Random Schedule ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Contingent Stimulation

The present study was an initial attempt to investigate the effects of non-contingent periodic and aperiodic stimulation on the sensory-motor behavior of 10-wk.-old infants. Results indicated that visual stimulation presented aperiodically (on a random schedule) in contrast to the same stimulation presented periodically (on a fixed time schedule) produced decreased motor activity, heightened visual attention, and a greater number of smiles.

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