Scientific platform, development and implementation of effective immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis infection in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Kudlay
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Scientific Platform ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

The review presents scientific information about modern approaches to immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis infection in the Russian Federation, which allows to control the spread of infection and prevent the development of the disease in individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The results of Russian and foreign studies have shown a low total sensitivity of the Mantoux tuberculin skin test, which indicates a low predictive value of the test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection. The article presents the results of preclinical and clinical studies of a new diagnostic test for the detection of tuberculosis infection using Diaskintest. The results substantiate the purpose of Diaskintest for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, assessment of the process activity; differential diagnosis of tuberculosis; differential diagnosis of post-vaccination and infectious immune response (delayed-type hypersensitivity); monitoring the effectiveness of treatment. The article presents the results information on the screening of tuberculosis infection in the Russian Federation using Diaskintest, its significance, efficacy, and safety. The results of scientific studies carried out in recent years to assess the effectiveness of immunodiagnostics in the Russian Federation give reason to believe that the introduction of a modern screening method for diagnosing tuberculosis infection using Diaskintest can significantly improve the quality of doctors work on the early detection of various manifestations of tuberculosis infection and significantly reduce the states material costs for combating with tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Human babesiosis: clinical cases in the european part of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
A K Tokmalaev ◽  
V B Chentsov ◽  
V A Malov ◽  
V V Maleyev ◽  
G M Kozhevnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
European Part ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Direct Supervision ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Human Babesiosis

The article describes four clinical observations of patients with babesiosis detected in the European part of the Russian Federation, two of whom were under the direct supervision of the authors. The analysis of epidemiological data, clinical picture, results of laboratory studies in the dynamics of the disease. Differential diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

scholarly journals On the Guard of the Truth of History

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
S. N. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Military History ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
State Programs

The article focuses on the continuing relevance of research in the field of military history for the joint solution of problems of cooperation and security from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean within the framework of the Greater Eurasian Partnership. The historical path of the Research Institute (military history) the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is described consistently stopping at the stages of its activity. The information about the formation of the Institute, its structure, tasks, and the heads of the Institute is presented. The article provides an overview of fundamental works, research works performed by the Institute’s staff, information about famous scientists, laureates of various awards. The contribution of the Institute’s staff to the implementation of the state programs “Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation” is shown. The range of tasks solved in the interests of federal state authorities and subjects of the Russian Federation, military administration bodies is characterized. The contribution of the Institute to the provision of the educational process of military educational institutions, the holding of international Olympiads of cadets of military educational organizations of higher education of the CIS member states on military history is observed. An overview of the international activities of the Institute within the framework of the International Commission of Military History, with the CIS countries, the CSTO, the EAEU is given. The role of the Institute in solving the problems of scientific information in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in terms of the history of wars and military art, in countering attempts to falsify and distort military history that harm the interests of the Russian Federation is shown. It is emphasized that the main content of the Institute’s activities is the need to preserve the truth about the victory of the Soviet multinational people in the Great Patriotic War, strengthen cooperation with relevant organizations and structures of the states of the Eurasian Economic Union, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Union State.

Structural changes in the Russian pharmaceutical market of anti-tb drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Natalia E. Usacheva ◽  
Vasiliy E. Novikov ◽  
Tatyana V. Myakisheva ◽  
Nadezhda A. Pavluchenkova ◽  
Elena V. Trun
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
The Russian Federation

In Russia, the epidemic situation for tuberculosis has stabilized with a tendency to improvement, according to the dynamics of the main indicators for the disease. However, the problem of tuberculosis infection is still far from being resolved, which is largely due to the development of drug resistance of the infectious agent to the main anti-TB drugs. The purpose of the study is to form macro-structures of the Russian market of anti-TB drugs for 2008 and 2018 and analyze the dynamics of their structural changes. Materials and methods. The State registers of medicines of the Russian Federation for 2008 and 2018 were analyzed. Into account were taken following characteristics of the range: the number of registered anti-TB drugs, dosage forms, dosages, manufacturers, and the number of combined anti-TB drugs. The necessary data was obtained using the content analysis method. The results of the study allowed us to build macro-structures of the Russian market of anti-TB drugs and compare the indicators in the dynamics over 10 years. Results. Over the past 10 years, about 500 anti-TB drugs have been registered and re-registered in the Russian Federation. The range of the selected segment was supplemented by the 3rd new series, which according to 2018 included 166 (30.0%) drugs, taking into account all dosage forms and dosages. The group of anti-TB drugs of the 2nd series in 2018 was the leader in the selected segment (52.2%) and there was a tendency for its growth. In the structure of the assortment of medicinal forms of anti-TB drugs, tablet drugs prevailed (43.5%). The production vector has shifted towards domestic manufacturers. The share of new drugs put into circulation in 2008-2018 was 37%. The nomenclature of the Russian anti-TB market corresponds to international recommendations and contains the main groups of drugs. Conclusion. Analysis of the segment of anti-TB drugs in the domestic pharmaceutical market showed that the phthisiological service has a sufficient range of drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis infection, including those with drug resistance of the pathogen. This allows to personalize therapy based on the stage and severity of the disease, the functional characteristics of the patients body, and the sensitivity of the pathogen to chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Clinical and epidemiological features of the Measles in children of the Astrakhan region

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Kharchenko ◽  
O. G. Kimirilova
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Late Detection

According to the Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation for the first quarter of 2019 were registered 872 cases of measles, which indicates a tense epidemic situation for this pathology.Objective: to establish clinical and epidemiological features of measles in children depending on age in the Astrakhan region for the period from January 2013 to June 2019.Research methods: the analysis of 370 cases of measles in children aged 3 months to 17 years, confirmed by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA).The results of the study: in the age structure of the incidence of measles in the Astrakhan region prevail unvaccinated children aged 2—3 years, and less than 1 year, not subject to vaccination against measles. The main reasons for the lack of vaccinations in children with measles are: medical taps. The incidence of vaccinated children against measles can be a consequence of violations in the organization of vaccination work. The causes of the presence of measles foci with the spread of infection are nosocomial outbreaks, measles drifts in organized groups, as a result of late detection and isolation of patients. Measles in children of different age groups, both vaccinated and unvaccinated proceeded typically with a predominance of moderate forms. The symptom of Filatov-Koplik remains the main sign of the diagnosis of measles in the catarrhal period of the disease, the gradual appearance of a spotty-papular rash in combination with catarrhal syndrome — in the period of rash, and pigmentation is a retrospective sign of the survive infection.

scholarly journals Constitutional Law Foundations for the Restriction of Human Rights in Connection with the New COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
E. N. Doroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Legal Grounds ◽  
Mass Events

The paper investigates the issue of legal grounds for introducing restrictive measures in order to protect the population in the territory of the Russian Federation in connection with the spread of a new coronavirus infection. Complying with the requirements contained in the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, the highest officials of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have issued decisions on the introduction of the high-alert regime, including prohibitions on implementation of certain economic activities, free movement of citizens and vehicles, mass events. Despite the adoption of relevant amendments, federal legislation in the field of protection of the population from emergencies, as well as other federal laws have not defined conditions, terms and the scope of possible limitations. Therefore, the implementation of constitutional human and civil rights was subject to the content of the by-laws. Analysis of Art. 55 and 56 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation allows the author to enunciate the basic requirements for the system of restrictive measures to combat the spread of infection and identify its shortcomings.

To the question of the formal and material elements of crimes provided for in articles of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation related to the spread of infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr Bozhchenko ◽  
Yuliya Khrustaleva ◽  
Yuri Panchuk
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Legislative Amendments ◽  
Spread Of Infection

The article deals with objective and optional features of crimes with material and formal composition, with an emphasis on crimes that are more or less associated with the spread of infection. Attention is drawn to the fact that crimes with a formal composition do not require the establishment of a causal relationship. Various points of view on “danger” are considered as one of the fundamental criteria used in the qualification of crimes. The author emphasizes the ambiguity of the content of this concept, as well as the concepts of “threat”, “significance”, “mass character”, etc. It is concluded that there are gaps, ambiguities, and contradictions in the legislation and normative legal acts on terminology and conceptual apparatus in relation to the above-mentioned concepts of danger, threat, and its magnitude (significance, mass character). Legislative amendments adopted in connection with the pandemic of coronavirus infection, which led to the emergence of a formal crime under part 1 of article 236 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation, are considered. Attention is drawn to the careless form of guilt under this article, in contrast to other articles, the use of which is also not excluded in the case of infection (article 125 and article 237 of the criminal code), but provide for the intentional nature of the crime.

scholarly journals Screening for tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents in Russia – past, present, future

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Аksenova ◽  
L. A. Baryshnikova ◽  
N. I. Klevno ◽  
D. A. Kudlay
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Intradermal Administration ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

The article presents a brief overview of the establishment and development of screening system in the pediatric population for tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection - from Koch alt-tuberculin to modern recombinant tuberculosis allergens for intradermal administration and in vitro laboratory tests. It gives extensive data on clinical research and the introduction into practical public health of the Russian Federation of the test with recombinant tuberculosis allergen as a screening method for tuberculosis in children from 8 to 14 years old inclusively.

scholarly journals Difficulties in Differential Diagnosis of Post-Vaccination Period. Practical Examples

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
E. P. Nacharova ◽  
S. M. Kharit
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Etiological Factor ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Live Vaccines ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Vaccination Period

Described four cases of illness in children hospitalized for one month after vaccination with live vaccines. In all cases the options considered in differential diagnosis between vaccinates reaction; undercurrents infections; separately shown the possibility of development of mumps in post-vaccination period vaccination party. The difficulties of differential diagnostics of diseases of post-vaccination period were analyzed. The necessity of laboratory examination in such cases to establish the etiological factor. The comparison of the system of registration of such events in the Russian Federation and abroad. The need to change the system of registration of adverse events in post-vaccination period.

scholarly journals Conceptual aspects of the activities of the Federal Service of the National Guard of the Russian Federation during a difficult epidemiological situation in the country

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Palyuh ◽  
Mihail Popov ◽  
Viktor Splender
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

At the end of January 2020, our country faced a new threat to national security, namely the infection of the population with a coronavirus infection, from which a vaccine has not yet been developed. As a result of the activity of COVID-19, there are cases of death, carriers of this virus. The main problem of the new virus is its increased level of infectivity, transmission is carried out by airborne droplets (when coughing or sneezing) and by contact (handrails in vehicles, door handles and other contaminated surfaces and objects). The epidemic, which has grown into a pandemic, does not allow maintaining the appropriate level of security of the country and the implementation of the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens of the Russian Federation, and therefore, to restore these rights and freedoms, it is necessary to use all the state's capabilities to prevent the spread of infection and develop a medicine. The process of self-isolation of citizens of our country does not give the expected results, a huge number of people are forced to continue to carry out their work, and therefore, with the help of conscious self-isolation of citizens, it will not work to stop the spread of a new infection and it is necessary to resort to other measures that regulate the movement of citizens and social activity. To this end, legislative and executive authorities introduce new measures to prevent the spread of infection. The Federal Service of the National Guard Troops does not stand aside and directs all its efforts to preventing the spread of infection.

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