scholarly journals Analysis of the causes of death in HIV-infected individuals in 2008-2010 according to the data of the clinical infectious diseases hospital named after S.P. Botkin, St. Petersburg

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Rakhmanova ◽  
A A Yakovlev ◽  
M I Dmitrieva ◽  
T N Vinogradova ◽  
A A Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Concomitant Disease ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Short Term Mortality

Aim. To analyse the causes of death of individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin in 2008-2010 taking into account the timing of disease, comorbidities, and clinical and laboratory data. Methods. The study included 439 HIV-infected individuals, who died in the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin in 2008-2010. Two groups of patients were identified: deaths from HIV/AIDS (n=306) and from other diseases (n=133, HIV infection was considered to be a concomitant disease). In both groups, analyzed were the short-term mortality rates, the presence of drugs and/or alcohol dependency, and the main causes of death (according to autopsy results). Results. In the group of patients who died of HIV-infection/AIDS and who did not receive antiretroviral therapy, generalized tuberculosis was diagnosed most often (65.7% of cases). Other rare diseases were pneumocystis pneumonia, cryptococcosis, cerebral toxoplasmosis, generalized fungal infection, cerebral lymphoma, and cytomegalovirus infection. The most frequent causes of death in the group of patients whose HIV-infection was considered to be a concomitant diseases were chronic viral hepatitis in the cirrhotic stage (42.9%) and septic thromboendocarditis, which were mainly diagnosed in social maladjusted patients: patients with alcoholism or intravenous drugs users. During evaluation of the short-term mortality rates it was established that 21 to 29% of patients in different years died on the 1st-3rd day after admission, which was related to extremely severe conditions of the patients. In Russia, including St. Petersburg, an annual increase in the number of new cases of HIV infection and increased mortality are registered, which indicates the severity of the epidemic and makes it possible to predict the increase in the number of patients requiring hospital treatment. Conclusion. The main causes of death among HIV-infected individuals in 2008-2010 were generalized tuberculosis and chronic viral hepatitis in the stage of cirrhosis; the high index of short-term mortality among HIV-infected patients suggests the need for measures for early detection of HIV-positive individuals and their medical examination, as well as an increase in the number of beds in order to provide specialized care to HIV-infected individuals in St. Petersburg.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis and HIV mortality in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
E. B. Tsybikovа ◽  
I. M. Son ◽  
A. V. Vlаdimirov
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Statistical Monitoring ◽  
Hiv Mortality ◽  
Leading Position

The objective: to study changes in the structure of mortality from tuberculosis and HIV infection in Russia from 2000 to 2017.Subjects and methods. The data of the Federal State Statistics Service on the mortality of the Russian population from tuberculosis and HIV infection (standardized ratio per 100,000 population) for 2000-2017 were studied. Data on the structure of patients with TB/HIV co-infection were obtained from Form no. 61 of the federal statistical monitoring for 2017.Results. In Russia, there has been a steady decrease in the mortality rate from tuberculosis, the value of which in 2017 reached 5.9 per 100,000 people. At the same time, the average values of the mortality rate from tuberculosis have shifted towards the older age groups reaching maximum values in the age group of 45 years and older. On the contrary, the analysis of mortality from HIV infection (2006-2017) detected its unprecedented increase from 1.6 to 12.6 per 100,000 population. The maximum concentration of mortality from HIV infection was observed in young age groups (35-44 years old). The increase in mortality from HIV infection was accompanied by a change in the structure of mortality from infectious diseases: the proportion of tuberculosis decreased from 79.1% (2000) to 27.4% (2017), and the proportion of HIV infection increased from 0.1% ( 2000) to 57.2% (2017). Currently, in Russia, mortality from HIV infection in young age groups has taken a leading position in the structure of causes of death from infectious diseases, displacing mortality from tuberculosis.

Ritonavir Greatly Impairs CYP3A Activity in HIV Infection With Chronic Viral Hepatitis

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamsin A Knox ◽  
Lauren Oleson ◽  
Lisa L von Moltke ◽  
Rhonda C Kaufman ◽  
Christine A Wanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Cyp3a Activity

scholarly journals HIV-INFECTION AND CONSUMPTION OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
T. R. Petrosyan ◽  
Murad Z. Shakhmardanov
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Infected People

The article describes the main trends in the incidence rate of HIV infection in the Russian Federation over the past decade. The majority of HIV-infected people was shown to be injecting drug users. The immunosuppressive effect of psychoactive substances and peculiarities of HIV infection in drug-dependent patients are characterized. The drug use is considered to be associated with a high risk of co-infection: viral hepatitis via a parenteral transmission mechanism, tuberculosis. The spread of parenteral viral hepatitis among HIV-infected consumers of psychoactive substances has acquired a huge medical and social significance: hepatitis C affects more than 90% of consumers, hepatitis B - about 70-80%. Viral hepatitis B and C are considered as a co-factor in the tanatogenesis in babies of HIV-infected pregnant females, HIV/HCV coinfection accelerates the rate of progression of the chronic viral liver disease to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Among HIV-infected patients, there was significantly increased the proportion of cases killed by chronic viral hepatitis due to lack of the antiviral therapy for specific liver damage. Psychopathological changes in comorbid HIV infection in consumers of psychoactive substances are characterized. In drug users, HIV infection was noted to change the pathological attraction to psychoactive substances. If dependence on psychoactive substance was absent, this psychopathological phenomenon can suddenly arise in patients with narcological diseases, its clinical severity increases sharply. This is due to the general change in the unfavorable side of the mental state of patients, who were informed that they have HIV infection, given the low commitment of this contingent of ART proposed algorithm of complex medical and psychological care aimed at correcting mental, behavioral disorders and specific treatment of HIV infection.

scholarly journals The use of Ingaron® in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis B

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Zaytseva ◽  
Larisa L. Popova ◽  
Dmitry Yu. Konstantinov
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Immunomodulating Therapy ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B ◽  
Clinically Significant

The possibility of antiviral therapy with the direct antiviral drugs Entecavir and Ingaron, as an antiviral and immunomodulating therapy, was studied in patients with the recurrent chronic viral hepatitis B. The study showed the applicability of this treatment regimen, due to the increase in the number of patients with SVR, high tolerability and the absence of clinically significant side effects.

scholarly journals Short-Term Mortality and Retention Associated with Tagging Age-0 Walleye Using Passive Integrated Transponders Without Anesthesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-401
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Dembkowski ◽  
Daniel A. Isermann ◽  
Greg G. Sass
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Pelvic Girdle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponders ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
Pit Tagging

Abstract The ability to individually mark juvenile fishes has important implications for fisheries management. For example, marking age-0 Walleye Sander vitreus could provide important information not provided by batch-marking, including individual variation in growth and estimates of length-dependent survival and recruitment. However, the relatively small size of age-0 Walleye in northern temperate lakes has precluded use of many common tagging methods that provide information on individual fish (e.g., various anchor tags, jaw tags). Consequently, we evaluated short-term mortality and retention associated with using 12-mm passive integrated transponders (PITs) to mark age-0 Walleye (total length range = 93–216 mm; mean total length = 157 mm) by conducting 48-h within-lake net-pen trials and 7-d hatchery trials during September–October of 2015 and 2016. We did not anesthetize age-0 Walleye prior to PIT tagging. Our assessment allowed us to determine whether post-tagging mortality and PIT retention varied in relation to implant location (i.e., body cavity or pelvic girdle), fish length, and water temperature. During 2015, mean 48-h mortality rate of age-0 Walleye tagged with PITs in the body cavity was low (mean = 7%; SE = 3%) and did not differ from that of fish marked with only a fin clip (mean = 4%; SE = 2%) and reference fish (mean = 2%; SE = 1%). During 2016, mean mortality rates ranged from 2% (reference fish) to 6% (PIT inserted into pelvic girdle) and did not differ among treatments. During both years, mortality rates for nearly all treatments were highest (> 13%) when water temperatures were ≥ 20°C, but decreased below 5% when water temperatures were ≤ 17°C. During 2016, dead age-0 Walleye in both PIT treatments were smaller than fish that survived. During the 7-d hatchery trials, mean mortality rates were higher for age-0 Walleye with PITs inserted into the body cavity (mean = 13%; SE = 4%) than fish that received a PIT in the pelvic girdle (mean = 4%; SE = 1%) and reference fish (mean = 4%; SE = 2%). Retention of PITs was high (> 96%) during all net-pen and hatchery trials. Collectively, our results suggest that fisheries personnel can use PITs to tag age-0 Walleye without anesthesia with the expectations of high initial retention and low mortality. Mortality rates may be minimized by implanting PITs into the pelvic girdle when water temperatures are ≤ 17°C.

P4620Circulating concentration of presepsin improves early prediction of short-term mortality in patients treated at medical cardiac intensive care units

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ishii ◽  
H Takahashi ◽  
T Nishimura ◽  
H Kawai ◽  
T Muramatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Baseline Model ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
Cardiac Intensive Care

Abstract Background Presepsin, a subtype of soluble CD14, is an inflammatory marker, which largely reflects monocytic activation. Presepsin appears to be an accurate diagnostic marker of sepsis, but its clinical significance remains unclear in cardiovascular disease. Purpose This prospective study aimed to investigate the predictive value of plasma presepsin levels on admission to medical (non-surgical) cardiac intensive care units (MCICUs) for short-term mortality. Methods We examined 1560 patients hospitalized in MCICUs and measured the baseline plasma presepsin levels at admission. Results Acute coronary syndrome was present in 46% of the patients, and acute decompensated heart failure in 36%. Before MCICUs admission, emergent coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in 36%, mechanical ventilation was required for respiratory insufficiency in 2.1%, and intraaortic balloon pumps were needed for hemodynamic instability in 8.9%. During 6 months after admission, there were 113 (7.2%) deaths. Patients who died were older (median: 77 vs. 71 years, P<0.0001); had higher levels of presepsin (263 vs. 119 pg/mL, P<0.0001), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP: 696 vs. 186 pg/mL, P<0.0001), high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT: 81 vs. 47 pg/mL, P=0.004), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (13.8 vs. 2.2 mg/L, P<0.0001); and had lower levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (50 vs. 65 mL/min/1.73m2, P<0.0001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (43% vs. 51%, P<0.0001) than those of the survivors. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, higher levels of presepsin (P=0.0002), BNP (P=0.04), and hsTnT (P=0.009) were all independent predictors of 6-month deaths. Quartiles of presepsin levels were associated with higher mortality rates within 6 months after admission (Table). Adding presepsin levels to a baseline model that included established risk factors, BNP, and hsTnT further enhanced reclassification (P=0.004) and discrimination (P=0.003) beyond that of the baseline model. Mortality rates according to presepsin Presepsin quartile 1st 2nd 3rd 4th P value ≤80 pg/mL 81–124 pg/mL 125–232 pg/mL >232 pg/mL 1-month mortality 0.8% 2.0% 3.3% 8.0% <0.0001 6-month mortality 0.8% 3.8% 8.2% 16.3% <0.0001 Conclusions Presepsin levels at admission could improve the prediction of short-term mortality in patients hospitalized at MCICUs.

EFFECTIVENESS OF DIRECT-ACTING ANTIVIRAL DRUG THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS C

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
L.M. Kiseleva ◽  
L.V. Il'mukhina ◽  
Ya.E. Saranskaya
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Sustained Virological Response ◽  
Virological Response ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Therapy Regimen ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis C

All over the world hepatitis C is a global medical and social health problem, along with HIV infection, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, etc. According to the latest WHO estimates, the overall number of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in 2015 amounted to 71 million people (1 % of the world’s population). In Russia there are 5 million such patients. The largest number of people registered with CHC diagnosed in the Russian Federation is registered and lives in the Volga Federal District – 23.3 % (143,477 people). The incidence in the city of Ulyanovsk is very high (81.7 per 100 thousand of the population), and tends to grow steadily. The aim of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of 3D therapy in real clinical practice. Materials and Methods. Clinical charts of 151 patients with hepatitis C who underwent 8- and 12-week 3D and 3D+ ribavirin therapy (3 people) were analyzed. After therapy, the biochemical and virological responses were studied. The density of the liver tissue was determined on the FibriScanCompact 530 (Echosens, France). Results. There was a 100 % rate of sustained virological response to 8- and 12-week 3D therapy in complex groups of patients (extrahepatic manifestations, severe comorbid pathology, patients without previous responce to therapy). Triple therapy (Vikeira Pak) reduced the need for retreatment. Evaluation of interactions of direct antiviral drugs (3D scheme) in combination with ribavirin and without it was carried out with the most frequently prescribed drugs in the cohort of our patients. The 3D therapy regimen had a good safety profile: none of the patients cancelled treatment due to adverse events. Key words: chronic viral hepatitis C, 3D therapy, ombitasvir + paritaprevir + ritonavir, sustained virological response, genotype 1. Гепатит С является глобальной медико-социальной проблемой здравоохранения во всем мире наряду с такими заболеваниями, как ВИЧ-инфекция, туберкулез, гепатит В и ряд других инфекционных болезней. Согласно последним оценкам ВОЗ число больных хроническим гепатитом С (ХГС) в мире в 2015 г. составило 71 млн чел. (1 % населения Земли), из них 5 млн проживает в России. Наибольшее число лиц, состоящих на учете с диагнозом ХГС в РФ, зарегистрировано и проживает в Приволжском федеральном округе – 23,3 % (143 477 чел.). Заболеваемость в г. Ульяновске очень высока, составляет 81,7 на 100 тыс. населения и имеет тенденцию к неуклонному росту. Цель работы – определение эффективности 3D-терапии в реальной клинической практике. Материалы и методы. Проанализированы истории болезни 151 пациента с диагнозом «гепатит С». Все больные прошли курсы терапии 3D и 3D+рибавирин (3 чел.) в режиме 8 и 12 нед. Изучены биохимический, вирусологический ответы, после проведенного курса терапии определена плотность печеночной ткани на аппарате FibriScanCompact 530 (Echosens, Франция). Результаты. Доказана 100 % частота устойчивого вирусологического ответа на 8- и 12-недельные курсы 3D-терапии у сложных групп пациентов (с внепеченочными проявлениями, с тяжелой коморбидной патологией, у пациентов, ранее не отвечавших на терапию). Выбор трехкомпонентной терапии препаратом «Викейра Пак» обоснован возможностью снижения потребности в повторных курсах терапии. Оценка лекарственных взаимодействий препаратов прямого противовирусного действия схемы 3D в сочетании с рибавирином и без него производилась с наиболее часто назначаемыми препаратами в когорте наблюдаемых нами пациентов. Схема 3D-терапии имеет хороший профиль безопасности, ни один из пациентов не прекратил лечение в связи с нежелательными явлениями. Ключевые слова: хронический вирусный гепатит С, 3D-терапия, омбитасфир+паритапревир+ритонавир, устойчивый вирусологический ответ, генотип 1.

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