Gonadotropic function of the anterior pituitary gland in the climacteric period and the effect of folliculin on it

1936 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1152-1152
Author(s):  
Е. Engelkart ◽  
Е. Tscherne
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Gonadotropic Function ◽  
Gonadotropic Activity ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Follicle Maturation ◽  
Reverse Development

In connection with the development established in animal experiments after the cessation of ovarian function, typical histological changes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, accompanied by its enhanced gonadotropic activity and the reverse development of these changes with a decrease in the indicated gonadotropic function as a result of folliculin administration, a. studied the effect of high doses of the latter on the release of the hormone of follicle maturation in postmenopausal women.

THE REPAIR OF POST-PARTUM NECROSIS OF THE ANTERIOR LOBE OF THE PITUITARY GLAND

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Maximum Capacity ◽  
Narrow Layer ◽  
Marginal Zones

ABSTRACT The healing of a post-partum necrosis of the anterior pituitary gland begins at about 4 days. The first change is the formation of a narrow layer of secondary atrophy at the inner edge of the live margin zone. There is then an invasion of macrophages which clear the debris from the other marginal zones and finally penetrate to a depth of 1 to 1.5 mm into the infarct. The remaining part of the central dead area becomes condensed and hyalinised in the course of the subsequent year or two. In the healed stage the remnants of parenchyma must certainly be functioning to their maximum capacity but they do not show any very striking histological changes to correspond to this. The cellular pattern of these remnants can not be correlated with variations in the clinical or pathological picture of prolonged hypopituitarism.

A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EXOPHTHALMOS INHIBITING EFFECTS OF SODIUM-D- AND SODIUM-L-THYROXINE IN GUINEA PIGS

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Tengroth ◽  
Uno Zackrisson
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Optical Isomers ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Caloric Effect

ABSTRACT The general change in the connective tissues which occurs in animals with experimentally produced exophthalmos, consists in an increase in the amount of hyaluronic acid, which binds the water in the connective tissue. Many regard this process as a stimulation of the mucinous system in the connective tissues, and consider this an explanation of the phenomenon of exophthalmos. When the experimental animals are injected with thyroxine or thyroid extract, the reaction observed is opposite to that seen following the injection of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. In the former case, there is a reduction in the amount of hyaluronic acid and consequently a decrease in the water content in the connective tissues. In the experiments in question, Na-d-thyroxine and Na-l-thyroxine), in crystalline form, were tested for their inhibiting effect on the development of exophthalmos in experimental animals. The animals used were male albino guinea-pigs. An extract of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (TSH Organon)) was used to produce exophthalmos. In previous work (Tengroth 1961), it was shown, using an X-ray measuring technique, that d-thyroxine, despite its poor caloric effect, like l-thyroxine had an exophthalmos-inhibiting effect. When comparing the dose-response curves of the exophthalmos-inhibiting properties of both these optical isomers, it appears that d-thyroxine has an inhibiting effect which is significantly greater than that of l-thyroxine. The significance of this observation is discussed.

scholarly journals Effective Treatment of Neurological Symptoms with Normal Doses of Botulinum Neurotoxin in Wilson’s Disease: Six Cases and Literature Review

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Harald Hefter ◽  
Sara Samadzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Wilson’S Disease ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Wilson's Disease ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Dose Information ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The University

Background: Recent cell-based and animal experiments have demonstrated an effective reduction in botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) by copper. Aim: We aimed to analyze whether the successful symptomatic BoNT/A treatment of patients with Wilson’s disease (WD) corresponds with unusually high doses per session. Methods: Among the 156 WD patients regularly seen at the outpatient department of the university hospital in Düsseldorf (Germany), only 6 patients had been treated with BoNT/A during the past 5 years. The laboratory findings, indications for BoNT treatment, preparations, and doses per session were extracted retrospectively from the charts. These parameters were compared with those of 13 other patients described in the literature. Results: BoNT/A injection therapy is a rare (<4%) symptomatic treatment in WD, only necessary in exceptional cases, and is often applied only transiently. In those cases for which dose information was available, the dose per session and indication appear to be within usual limits. Conclusion: Despite the evidence that copper can interfere with the botulinum toxin in preclinical models, patients with WD do not require higher doses of the toxin than other patients with dystonia.

On the content of prolan in the pituitary gland

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-634
Author(s):  
P. Badul
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Posterior Pituitary Lobe

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland in a bull is free of prolan, while in a human it contains prolan. Only here it can be found in that part of the posterior pituitary lobe adjacent to the anterior lobe. In the bull, too, this part of the pituitary gland is completely free of prolan content. Histological examination shows that in humans, this part of the posterior lobe is crossed by bands of cells from the anterior lobe, which consist exclusively of basophilic cells.

Effects of long-term administration of high doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate on hormone receptors and target organs in the female rat

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Di Carlo ◽  
S. Racca ◽  
G. Conti ◽  
E. Gallo ◽  
G. Muccioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
High Doses

ABSTRACT The changes in oestrogen, progesterone and prolactin receptor levels in target organs, and the macroscopic and microscopic modifications of uterus, ovary, adrenal and pituitary gland induced by long-term administration of high doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) were investigated in female rats. Medroxyprogesterone acetate was injected i.m. for 30 days at daily doses of 7·5, 15 and 75 mg/kg. Oestrogen and/or progesterone-binding capacities were remarkably reduced at all doses of MPA used both in the uterus and pituitary gland. Furthermore, MPA caused a very evident reduction in the weight of pituitary glands, ovaries, adrenals and uterus. In all MPA-treated rats corpora lutea were absent from the ovaries, whereas the adrenals showed a significant reduction in the thickness of the cortex. In accordance with this, there was no evidence of ACTH-producing cells in the pituitary glands. Prolactin-producing cells were also absent, while GH-producing cells were present. Serum prolactin levels were significantly reduced at all doses of MPA used. A dramatic reduction of prolactin receptor concentrations was observed in the liver and the ovaries of MPA-treated rats. The results suggest that MPA acts as an antioestrogenic drug both by reducing the number of oestrogen receptors in target tissues and by changing the structure (and perhaps the function) of those organs (pituitary glands, ovaries and adrenals) which are, directly or indirectly, a source of oestrogens. The decreased synthesis of prolactin and the reduction of the number of prolactin receptors (which, on the contrary, are both increased by oestrogens) might be considered as additional antioestrogenic effects of MPA. J. Endocr. (1984) 103, 287–293

scholarly journals Tethelin—the Alleged Growth-controlling Substance of the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland

1922 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Cecil Drummond ◽  
Robert Keith Cannan
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Lobe

scholarly journals Spontaneous and experimental poisoning by nitroxinil at 34% in goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Ricardo C. Brito Junior ◽  
Karoline L. Soares ◽  
Yanca G.S. Soares ◽  
Flaviane N.L. Oliveira ◽  
Renato V. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
High Doses

ABSTRACT: This study describes the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of spontaneous and experimental poisoning by nitroxinil at 34% concentration in goats. The outbreak occurred on a farm in the municipality of Prata, Paraíba state. Nitroxinil was administered to a herd of 120 goats, of which 18 presented with anorexia, vocalization, abdominal distension, weakness, staggering, and falls. Necropsy of three goats revealed that the main lesion was acute liver injury. Histologically the liver showed centrilobular necrosis associated with hemorrhage and hepatocyte degeneration. In the kidneys, tubular nephrosis with granular cylinder formations was observed. The lungs showed multifocal to coalescent areas of moderate interalveolar edema and vascular congestion. Experimental poisoning was carried out in two goats, with the same medication and doses administered on the farm. The experimental goats showed clinical signs and macroscopic and histological changes similar to the spontaneously poisoned goats. The diagnosis of nitroxinil poisoning was made based on epidemiological, clinical, and pathological data, and confirmed by experimental poisoning. The administration of nitroxinil in high doses, associated with high ambient temperature and physical exercises, can cause poisoning with high lethality in goats.

Pituitary Gonadotropic Activity and Ovarian Function After Deafferentation of the Mediobasal Hypothalamus (MBH) in the Rat

1978 ◽  
pp. 126-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Baranov ◽  
O. N. Savchenko ◽  
M. V. Propp ◽  
O. A. Danilova ◽  
L. N. Maslova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Mediobasal Hypothalamus ◽  
Gonadotropic Activity
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