THE REPAIR OF POST-PARTUM NECROSIS OF THE ANTERIOR LOBE OF THE PITUITARY GLAND

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Maximum Capacity ◽  
Narrow Layer ◽  
Marginal Zones

ABSTRACT The healing of a post-partum necrosis of the anterior pituitary gland begins at about 4 days. The first change is the formation of a narrow layer of secondary atrophy at the inner edge of the live margin zone. There is then an invasion of macrophages which clear the debris from the other marginal zones and finally penetrate to a depth of 1 to 1.5 mm into the infarct. The remaining part of the central dead area becomes condensed and hyalinised in the course of the subsequent year or two. In the healed stage the remnants of parenchyma must certainly be functioning to their maximum capacity but they do not show any very striking histological changes to correspond to this. The cellular pattern of these remnants can not be correlated with variations in the clinical or pathological picture of prolonged hypopituitarism.

STUDIES ON THE GROWTH AND HORMONE PRODUCTION OF RAT HYPOPHYSIS IN TISSUE CULTURE

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Kullander
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACT The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland of the rat was studied in tissue culture. Oestrone, progesterone and androsterone did not have any effect on the growth. On the other hand, oestrogen-induced pituitary tumours in tissue culture grew more quickly in medium containing oestrone or androsterone. The anterior pituitary gland produced prolactin in vitro.

Discovery of the luteinizing hormone of the anterior pituitary gland

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. E818-E819 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Maurice Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Luteinizing Hormones ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Classic Paper

This essay looks at the historical significance of an APS classic paper that is freely available online: Fevold HL, Hisaw FL, Leonard SL. The gonad stimulating and the luteinizing hormones of the anterior lobe of the hypophesis. Am J Physiol 97: 291—301, 1931 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/97/2/291 ).

scholarly journals Diabetes and Hypercholesterolemia Impair the Cytological Structure of the Anterior Pituitary Gland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-658
Author(s):  
Ahmed MR Abdo ◽  
Mohamed E El-Beeh ◽  
Sameer H. Qari ◽  
Dina A El-badry ◽  
Hassan IH El-Sayyad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Cytological Picture

Increase consumption of high fat diet was found to alter blood sugar level similar to diabetes and contributed to the development of obesity and affected the reproductive function of both sexes. The study aimed to clarify the influence of diabetes and or hypercholesterolemia on the cytological picture of cells of the anterior lobe of pituitary gland of male albino rats. Eighteen male albino rats weighing approximately 120 gram body weight were divided into three main groups; control, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes (single i.p. 40 mg streptozotocin/kg B.wt plus 100mg. nicotinamide /kg body weight) and hypercholesterolemia (diet containing 3% cholesterol). Dietary feeding on cholesterol and diabetes were carried out for 12 weeks. At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed, and pituitary glands were separated and their anterior lobe was processed for cytological investigations by transmission electron microscopy. The present study revealed that the rats subjected to experimental diabetes and/ or hypercholesterolemia exhibited a decrease of the secretory granules within the gonadotroph cells somatotroph and corticotrophin cells. There was a detected intracellular accumulation of fat globules in both the gonado- and sommatotroph cells. The authors reported that the altered cytological structures of the secretory function of the anterior pituitary gland led to marked impairment of the male hormonal level and causing infertility.

The value of the anterior pituitary gland in gynecology

1936 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1152-1153
Author(s):  
J. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Early Puberty

Removal of the anterior pituitary gland in infantile animals leads to a cessation of the development of the gonads and growth, as well as to a number of metabolic changes. As shown by relevant studies, the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces a hormone that gives a powerful impulse to the sex glands and causes all the phenomena of early puberty in infantile animals for several days.

THE RESPONSE OF THE MAMMARY GLAND OF THE MALE MOUSE TO PROGESTERONE AND HUMAN MAMMOTROPHIC SUBSTANCES

1959 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. SCOWEN ◽  
J. HADFIELD ◽  
E. M. DONATH
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Male Mouse ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
The Other

SUMMARY 1. Five strains of mice primarily insensitive to mammotrophic substances in human urine and anterior pituitary gland were all equally sensitive to the mammotrophic action of progesterone. The sensitive Strong A 2 strain also reacted to progesterone. The reaction in this strain was somewhat enhanced when compared with the other five strains. 2. Two insensitive strains became responsive to the human mammotrophic substances after treatment with progesterone. The response to human whole anterior pituitary substance after progesterone was present and enhanced in the sensitive Strong A 2 strain. 3. A preparation of human growth hormone produced a mammotrophic response in the mouse similar to that of human whole pituitary. Within the limits of the experiment the major mammotrophic potency of the pituitary appeared to be extracted in the growth hormone fraction.

Occurrence of rare somatomammotrophs in ovine anterior pituitary tissue studied by immunogold labelling and electron microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Thorpe ◽  
K. P. Ray ◽  
M. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Immunogold Labelling ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
The Other ◽  
Double Labelling ◽  
Pituitary Tissue ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Male Animal

ABSTRACT Prolactin and GH are distinct hormones that have been conventionally thought to be produced and secreted by separate cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Recently it has been suggested that some cells (somatomammotrophs) may secrete both hormones. We have examined the occurrence of somatomammotrophs in sheep anterior pituitary tissue using immunogold labelling. Of a number of procedures used, double labelling using first antibodies raised in different species proved the least susceptible to apparent co-localization of hormones due to artifacts. Using this approach it was shown that a large proportion of the cells in the sheep anterior pituitary glands examined were mammotrophs or somatotrophs, showing no significant co-localization of GH and prolactin. Of 1800 cells examined, only two were somatomammotrophs. One of these, from a female animal, contained GH and prolactin in different granules within the same cell. The other, from a male animal, showed co-localization of these two hormones within the same granules. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 124,67–73

Correlation between LH secretion in castrated rats with cellular proliferation and synthesis of DNA in the anterior pituitary gland

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Romano ◽  
G. A. Machiavelli ◽  
R. L. Pérez ◽  
V. Carricarte ◽  
J. A. Burdman
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Lh Cells ◽  
Lh Secretion

ABSTRACT The relationship between the release of LH and the synthesis of DNA was studied in the anterior pituitary gland of castrated rats. Cell types were characterized immunocytochemically. Castration significantly (P < 0·01) increased the concentration of LH in serum (1326%) and the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into pituitary DNA (72%). This was accompanied by an increment in the activity of the enzyme DNA polymerase-α (58%) and in the number of mitoses (from 2± 0·1/mm2 in intact rats to 21 ± 0·8/mm2 15 days after castration). Only 20% of the mitoses found in the pituitary gland of castrated rats were positively stained with the antiserum against the β-subunit of LH. The other 80% did not stain either with LH antiserum or with antisera against the other pituitary hormones. There was a significant (P < 0·01) increase in the number of LH cells in castrated rats (48%). All the changes produced in the anterior pituitary gland after castration were prevented by the administration of dihydrotestosterone. The results demonstrate that a stimulation of LH release is followed by an increase of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation of gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland. J. Endocr. (1984) 102, 13–18

The mitogenic effects of corticotrophin-releasing factor on the anterior pituitary gland of the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. McNicol ◽  
M. A. G. Kubba ◽  
E. McTeague
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Measurement Volume ◽  
Corticotrophin Releasing Factor ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Related Increase

ABSTRACT The immunohistochemically defined corticotroph population in the anterior pituitary gland of the adult male Sprague–Dawley rat has been quantified at 2 and 6 weeks after bilateral adrenalectomy using the stereological measurement, volume density (Vv). An approximately twofold increase in corticotroph Vv was demonstrated at 2 weeks in adrenalectomized rats compared with that in sham-operated controls and this was maintained at 6 weeks. Daily i.p. injections of ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF-41) induced a significant dose-related increase in corticotroph Vv when administered at doses of 25 and 50 μg/kg body weight, but this was less than the increase following adrenalectomy. Assessment of changes in mitotic activity of the total anterior lobe of adult Sprague–Dawley rats and of the corticotroph population was also made after daily i.p. injections of 50 μg CRF-41/kg for 2 and 7 days. There was no increase in overall mitotic index at either time. However, the numbers of mitotic corticotrophs were significantly increased in CRF-injected animals compared with those in saline-injected rats. These results indicate a role for CRF-41 in the regulation of corticotroph growth. J. Endocr. (1988) 118, 237–241

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