Virulence and pathogenicity factors of S. agalactiae strains isolated from pregnant women and newborns

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Ksenia A. Kolousova ◽  
Elena V. Shipitsyna ◽  
Kira V. Shalepo ◽  
Alevtina M. Savicheva
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Pathogenicity Factors ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: Obstetric and neonatal infections caused by Steptococcus agalactiae are among the most significant perinatal infections. To date, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis is used to prevent the transmission of the pathogen to the child, however, the growth of antibiotic resistance and ineffectiveness of therapy against late-onset neonatal infection are its limitations. Vaccination is considered to be the most effective method for preventing diseases caused by S. agalactiae in both pregnant women and newborn babies. To identify promising vaccine targets and to develop alternative prevention approaches, it is necessary to study the virulence factors of S. agalactiae strains and their variability in the population. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the variability of virulence and pathogenicity factors (capsular polysaccharides, pili, hypervirulent sequence type ST-17, biofilm-forming ability, antibiotic resistance) of S. agalactiae isolated from pregnant women and newborn infants in St. Petersburg, Russia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied isolates of S. agalactiae out of clinical material samples obtained from pregnant women and newborns at the D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology in 2018-2020. The PCR method was used to determine the types of capsular polysaccharides, pili, and strain affiliation with the hypervirulent sequencing type ST-17. Biofilm-forming ability was determined by the Christensen method. The antibiotic sensitivity was determined by disc diffusion. RESULTS: We examined 60 clinical isolates of S. agalactiae. The most common S. agalactiae serotypes were Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, and V; in total, these six serotypes accounted for 95.1% of all strains. The most common pili genotype was PI-1 + PI-2a (60%). Resistance to erythromycin was found in 36.7% of the strains, and a similar number of the strains were resistant to clindamycin. The ability to form biofilms was detected in 68% of the strains, and the increased ability was associated with the PI-2b pili allele. CONCLUSIONS: A hexavalent vaccine based on capsular polysaccharides of types Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, and V would have a 95% efficacy in this region. Stable distribution of different pili types is an important factor when using pili as vaccine targets. The high level of resistance of S. agalactiae strains to erythromycin and clindamycin indicates that isolates should be tested for sensitivity to these antibiotics before their use, and regular regional monitoring of antibiotic resistance of the pathogen to update clinical guidelines should be performed.

Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty Le Doare ◽  
Christine E. Jones ◽  
Paul T. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Group B

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of early neonatal infection and neonatal mortality, with long-term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in up to 50% of survivors of GBS meningitis. GBS has a likely underappreciated role in causing preterm birth and stillbirth. GBS colonizes the vagina and gastrointestinal tract of the pregnant woman, and transmission to the infant occurs during or just before delivery. Although the majority of these infants do not develop invasive disease, maternal colonization is a prerequisite for early onset disease (0–6 days of life, most commonly associated with sepsis and respiratory distress) and a significant risk factor for late onset disease (7–89 days of life, most commonly associated with sepsis and meningitis). The introduction of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis has resulted in significant declines in the incidence of early onset disease but provides no protection against late onset disease.

scholarly journals COLONIZATION PREVALENCE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF Streptococcus agalactiae IN PREGNANT WOMEN AT HUSM

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane Regina Veit ◽  
Magda Cristina Souza Marques Roehrs ◽  
Leticia Eichstaedt Mayer ◽  
Silvana Oliveira Santos ◽  
Rosieli Martini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Maternal Fetal Transmission ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Santa Maria

ABSTRACTThe Streptococcus agalactiae colonization prevalence and its susceptibility to antimicrobials in pregnant women at University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM) were evaluated from June to December 2009. The vaginal-rectal material was inoculated into tubes containing Todd-Hewitt broth with subsequent subculture on blood agar.  The GBS identification was made through presumptive tests, confirmed by serological test and its susceptibility was evaluated. The occurrence of GBS maternal-fetal transmission in the colonized pregnant women was researched. The GBS colonization was 11.11%._All strains were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, and vancomycin. Two strains (50%) were intermediate to clindamycin and one (25%) intermediate to erythromycin._A newborn whose mother was colonized had early-onset neonatal infection by GBS. By this, it is very important the research about the colonization by GBS in all pregnant women from 35 to 37 weeks of gestation and the use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for colonized pregnant women.Descriptors: Streptococcus agalactiae; Prevalence; Pregnant women; Newborns; Microbial Sensitivity Tests.  RESUMOAvaliou-se a prevalência de colonização pelo Streptococcus agalactiae e o seu perfil de sensibilidade frente aos antimicrobianos em gestantes no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM), de junho a dezembro de 2009. O material vaginal-retal foi inoculado em tubos contendo caldo Todd-Hewitt com posterior subcultura em ágar sangue. A identificação do EGB foi realizada através de testes presuntivos, confirmadas por teste sorológico e avaliado seu perfil de sensibilidade. Pesquisou-se ocorrência de transmissão materno-fetal do EGB nas gestantes colonizadas. A prevalência de colonização foi de 11,11%. Todas as cepas foram sensíveis à penicilina, ampicilina e vancomicina. Duas cepas (50%) foram intermediárias à clindamicina e uma (25%) intermediária à eritromicina. Um recém-nascido de mãe colonizada teve infecção neonatal de início precoce por EGB. Confirma-se a importância da pesquisa de colonização por EGB em todas as gestantes entre 35ª e 37ª semana de gestação e uso de quimioprofilaxia intraparto nas gestantes colonizadas.Descritores: Streptococcus agalactiae; Prevalência; Gestantes; Recém-nascido; Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Serotype Distribution of Group B Streptococcus Colonization in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Living in Belgium: A Prospective Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Dauby ◽  
Catherine Adler ◽  
Veronique Y Miendje Deyi ◽  
Rosalie Sacheli ◽  
Laurent Busson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Colonization Rate ◽  
Vaccine Serotypes ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Group B streptococcus (GBS) infection is a leading cause of severe neonatal infection. Maternal GBS carriage during pregnancy is the main risk factor for both early-onset and late-onset GBS disease. High incidence of GBS infection has been reported in HIV-exposed but -uninfected infants (HEU). We aimed to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors for GBS colonization in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women living in Belgium. Methods Between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013, HIV-infected (n = 125) and -uninfected (n = 120) pregnant women had recto-vaginal swabs at 35–37 weeks of gestation and at delivery for GBS detection. Demographic, obstetrical, and HIV infection–related data were prospectively collected. GBS capsular serotyping was performed on a limited number of samples (33 from HIV-infected and 16 from HIV-uninfected pregnant women). Results There was no significant difference in the GBS colonization rate between HIV-infected and -uninfected pregnant women (29.6% vs 24.2%, respectively). HIV-infected women were more frequently colonized by serotype III (36.4% vs 12.5%), and the majority of serotype III strains belonged to the hypervirulent clone ST-17. Exclusively trivalent vaccine serotypes (Ia, Ib, and III) were found in 57.6% and 75% of HIV-infected and -uninfected women, respectively, whereas the hexavalent vaccine serotypes (Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, and V) were found in 97% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions HIV-infected and -uninfected pregnant women living in Belgium have a similar GBS colonization rate. A trend to a higher colonization rate with serotype III was found in HIV-infected women, and those serotype III strains belong predominantly to the hypervirulent clone ST17.

Listeria monocytogenes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle A. Rizzuto ◽  
Anna I. Bakardjiev
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Maternal Cell ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Early Onset Sepsis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Barrier

Listeria monocytogenes is a intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes serious foodborne illness in humans. Among all infectious diseases caused by gastrointestinal pathogens, listeriosis has the highest mortality rate, likely because of its ability to cross the gastrointestinal barrier and cause sepsis and infection of other organs such as the brain and placenta. Infection of the placenta leads to fetal infection, and otherwise healthy pregnant women have a significantly increased incidence of listeriosis than the general population, likely due to changes in the maternal cell-mediated immune response during pregnancy. Clinical manifestations include miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm labor, and neonatal infection and death. Neonates develop early-onset sepsis or late-onset meningitis. Physicians must evaluate pregnant women and neonates with febrile illnesses for listeriosis, since prompt treatment with antibiotics can cure it. It is important to note that L. monocytogenes is resistant to cephalosporins. Ampicillin is the treatment of choice in patients without penicillin allergy.

Treatment of maternal hyperthyroidism with antithyroid agents and changes in thyrotrophin and thyroxine in the newborn

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-A. Lamberg ◽  
E. Ikonen ◽  
K. Teramo ◽  
G. Wägar ◽  
K. Österlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Serum Thyroxine ◽  
Antithyroid Agents ◽  
Serum Tsh

Abstract. Eleven pregnant women with concomitant hyperthyroidism were treated with antithyroid drugs. At monthly intervals serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured with radioimmunoassay, the Sephadex uptake of radioactive triiodothyronine (T3U) determined and the free T4 and T3 indices calculated (FT4I, FT3I). TSH-binding inhibiting immunoglobulins (TBII) were determined by the radiomembrane assay. Serum TSH and T4 were measured at delivery from cord blood and/or from the newborn infants some days after birth. Serum TSH was significantly elevated in one infant. There was an inadequate post-partal rise in serum T4 concentration in this child and in another who showed only a marginal elevation of TSH. The mothers of these infants were given carbimazole in doses of 30 and 25 mg/day, respectively, at the time of delivery. No significant changes were seen in other infants, the daily doses being 20 mg of carbimazole or less. There was no clinical indication of hypo- or hyperthyroidism in any of the newborn. The TBII were positive in most patients and there was a trend of normalization during treatment. No relationship between the dose of antithyroid drug and the level of TBII could be seen. During treatment the dose was adjusted according to the FT3I values. This seems to be an adequate laboratory test for this purpose.

scholarly journals Influence of vitamin D serum concentration, prenatal care and social determinants on birth weight: a northeastern Brazilian cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (03) ◽  
pp. 284-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Pereira-Santos ◽  
Gisele Queiroz Carvalho ◽  
Djanilson Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Ana Marlucia Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Vitamin

AbstractThe relationship among social determinants, vitamin D serum concentration and the health and nutrition conditions is an important issue in the healthcare of pregnant women and newborns. Thus, the present study analyses how vitamin D, prenatal monitoring and social determinants are associated with birth weight. The cohort comprised 329 pregnant women, up to 34 weeks gestational age at the time of admission, who were receiving care through the prenatal services of Family Health Units. Structural equation modelling was used in the statistical analysis. The mean birth weight was 3340 (sd 0·545) g. Each nmol increase in maternal vitamin D serum concentration was associated with an increase in birth weight of 3·06 g. Prenatal healthcare with fewer appointments (β −41·49 g, 95 % CI −79·27, −3·71) and late onset of care in the second trimester or third trimester (β −39·24 g, 95 % CI −73·31, −5·16) favoured decreased birth weight. In addition, low socio-economic class and the practice of Afro-Brazilian religions showed a direct association with high vitamin D serum concentrations and an indirect association with high birth weight, respectively. High gestational BMI (β 23·84, 95 % CI 4·37, 43·31), maternal education level (β 24·52 g, 95 % CI 1·82, 47·23) and length of gestation (β 79·71, 95 % CI 52·81; 106·6) resulted in high birth weight. In conclusion, maternal vitamin D serum concentration, social determinants and prenatal care, evaluated in the context of primary healthcare, directly determined birth weight.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance among Neonates with Bacterial Sepsis and Their Clinical Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi ◽  
Karuna D. Sagili ◽  
Wai Wai Han ◽  
Henish Shakya ◽  
Priyanka Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Cross Sectional

Globally, antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from neonatal sepsis is increasing. In this cross-sectional study conducted at a medical college teaching hospital in Nepal, we assessed the antibiotic resistance levels in bacteria cultured from neonates with sepsis and their in-hospital treatment outcomes. We extracted data of neonates with sepsis admitted for in-patient care from June 2018 to December 2019 by reviewing hospital records of the neonatal intensive care unit and microbiology department. A total of 308 neonates with sepsis were admitted of which, blood bacterial culture antibiotic sensitivity reports were available for 298 neonates. Twenty neonates (7%) had bacteriologic culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis. The most common bacterial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (8), followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (5). Most of these bacteria were resistant to at least one first-line antibiotic used to manage neonatal sepsis. Overall, there were 7 (2%) deaths among the 308 neonates (none of them from the bacterial culture-positive group), and 53 (17%) neonates had left the hospital against medical advice (LAMA). Improving hospital procedures to isolate bacteria in neonates with sepsis, undertaking measures to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and addressing LAMA’s reasons are urgently needed.

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