scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BIOFILMS IN POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS WATER SYSTEMS

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
L. V. Didenko ◽  
O. V. Sadretdinova ◽  
N. V. Shevlyagina ◽  
G. A. Avtandilov ◽  
I. V Novokshonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Supply Systems

The specific features of the structural organization of biofilms formed with the participation of Legionella in the water supply systems of health care facilities (HCF) and in the water-cooling towers of industrial enterprises in the Moscow Region were studied to elaborate new approaches to preventing legionellosis in the potentially dangerous water systems. A massive Legionella biofilm in association with other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was shown to form for 2-3 weeks on the protective antibacterial filters built in the hot water supply systems of the risk-group units of HCFs. The specific features of the structural organization of biofilms of Legionella onto surface of water-cooling towers, which were a set of a few systematic groups of microorganisms, such as fungi, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and cyanobacteriae located in the presence of a matrix and metal inclusions. The results confirm that it is necessary to destruct and prevent the formation of natural Legionella biofilms in the potentially dangerous water systems, which is an essential component of the current strategy for the prevention of legionellosis.

scholarly journals First reported isolation of an emerging opportunistic pathogen (Elizabethkingia anophelis) from hospital water systems in Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Kyritsi ◽  
Varvara A. Mouchtouri ◽  
Spyros Pournaras ◽  
Christos Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Active Search ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract After the Elizabethkingia anophelis outbreak in Wisconsin, USA, an active search for the detection of the microorganism in hospital water systems from Central and Northern Greece was performed from June to December 2016. In total, 457 water samples from 11 hospitals were analyzed. Elizabethkingia spp. was detected in three samples collected from two hospitals, both of which are located in Northern Greece. Two of the three isolated strains were identified as Elizabethkingia anophelis. No cases of Elizabethkingia infection were reported in either hospital during 2016. This is the first reported isolation of the pathogen in water supply systems in Greece.

scholarly journals Does the source of water for piped supplies affect child health? Evidence from rural Vanuatu

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-595
Author(s):  
Tim Foster ◽  
Emily Rand ◽  
Erie Sami ◽  
Brieana Dance ◽  
Jeremy Kohlitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Generous Support ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract Piped water systems are considered to provide the highest service level for drinking water supplies; however, global monitoring of safe water access pays little attention to the type of water source that piped systems draw upon, even if the water is not treated prior to distribution. This study sought to understand whether the source of water for untreated piped supplies influences the prevalence of diarrhoea among children in rural Vanuatu. The analysis was based on a dataset integrating a Demographic and Health Survey and a nationwide water supply inventory. After adjusting for a range of potential confounders, the results revealed a significant association between diarrhoea and the type of water source supplying a piped system. Compared with borehole-supplied piped systems, spring-fed piped systems were significantly associated with increased odds of diarrhoea (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–31, p = 0.040). No significant association between diarrhoea and piped systems drawing on surface water was observed. Increased odds of diarrhoea were significantly associated with water supply systems constructed prior to the year 2000 (AOR 4.9, 95% CI 1.9–13, p = 0.001). The results highlight the need for improvements in spring protection as well as ongoing maintenance and periodic renewal of water supply infrastructure. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

scholarly journals THE WAYS OF RATIONAL USE OF COOLING TOWERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-187
Author(s):  
D Muhiddinov ◽  
◽  
S Sanayev ◽  
B Boliyev
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Recycling Systems ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
Supply Systems

In order to improve the economic performance of the company, the establishment of rational water use schemes and the reduction of the use of fresh water obtained from water supply systems or natural bodies of water can become an important factor. Water-cooling circulating systems, where cooling towers are used as cooling facilities, are the basis of rational water use systems. In water recycling systems that need stable water cooling at high specific hydraulic and thermal loads, cooling towers are used. By spraying water with nozzles or irrigation devices, the surface of water needed to cool it by contact with air is formed. A cooling tower is a heat exchange device for removing heat from various production processes to the environment by evaporating part of the water passing through it. The share of evaporated water usually does not exceed 1.5 %. Most of the cooling towers used were built 30 - 50 years ago. Almost all of these installations are morally and physically outdated. To consider the main criteria that should be guided with the choice of method for reconstruction of cooling towers to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their operation.

scholarly journals Application of Innovative Technologies for Active Control and Energy Efficiency in Water Supply Systems

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3278
Author(s):  
Armando Carravetta ◽  
Maurizio Giugni ◽  
Stefano Malavasi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Anthropic Pressure

The larger anthropic pressure on the Water Supply Systems (WSS) and the increasing concern for the sustainability of the large energy use for water supply, transportation, distribution, drainage and treatment are determining a new perspective in the management of water systems [...]

scholarly journals Insights on the Water–Energy–Food Nexus

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2882
Author(s):  
Vasilis Kanakoudis ◽  
Stavroula Tsitsifli
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Supply Systems

This Special Issue addresses topics on the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus along with other water-related topics, such as water resources, irrigation and drinking water supply systems, hydraulics and pollution. Several threats jeopardize freshwater availability and quality, energy and food availability. Integrated management approaches are absolutely necessary for pursuing sustainability. This Special Issue addresses various subjects and includes 29 peer-reviewed papers that have been grouped into the following categories: the WEF nexus, water resources and irrigation systems, drinking water supply systems, hydraulics and pollution. Some of them were selected from the Third Efficient Water Systems (EWaS) International Conference, entitled “Insights on the Water–Energy–Food Nexus,” after a thorough content update. Summaries of the papers are briefly presented in this Editorial.

scholarly journals Legionella spp. Colonization in Water Systems of Hotels Linked with Travel-Associated Legionnaires’ Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Papadakis ◽  
Maria Keramarou ◽  
Dimosthenis Chochlakis ◽  
Vassilios Sandalakis ◽  
Varvara Mouchtouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
Supply Systems

Hotel water systems colonized with Legionella spp. have been the source of travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease and cases, clusters or outbreaks continue to be reported worldwide each year. A total of 132 hotels linked with travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease, as reported through the European Legionnaires’ Disease Surveillance Network, were inspected and tested for Legionella spp. during 2000–2019 by the public health authorities of the island of Crete (Greece). A total of 3,311 samples were collected: 1,885 (56.93%) from cold water supply systems, 1,387 (41.89%) from hot water supply systems, 37 (1.12%) were swab samples and two (0.06%) were soil. Of those, 685 (20.69%), were collected from 83 (62.89%) hotels, testing positive (≥ 50CFU/L) for Legionella pneumophila) serogroups 1-10, 12-14 and non-pneumophila species (L. anisa, L. erythra, L. tusconensis, L. taurinensis, L. birminghamensis, L. rubrilucens, L. londiniesis, L. oakridgensis, L. santicrusis, L. brunensis, L. maceacherii). The most frequently isolated L. pneumophila serogroups were 1 (27.92%) and 3 (17.08%). Significantly higher isolation rates were obtained from hot water supply systems (25.96%) versus cold water systems (16.98%) and swab samples (13.51%). A Relative Risk (R.R.) > 1 (p < 0.0001) was calculated for hot water temperature <55 °C (R.R.: 4.43), chlorine concentrations <0.2 mg/L (R.R.: 2.69), star rating <4 (R.R.: 1.73) and absence of Water Safety Plan implementation (R.R.: 1.57).

scholarly journals Development of water supply systems in small municipalities

2019 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 06016
Author(s):  
Vitaly Smirnov ◽  
Valentina Pomogaeva ◽  
Dmitriy Shlychkov
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Careful Preparation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Supply Systems

Supplying population of small municipalities with drinking water brings up a number of problems. The main ones are water production, its treatment and transportation. Studying the difficulties of supplying population with drinking water makes it possible to identify acute problems and to outline the prospects for the development of water supply systems. The statistical data on water supply problems are given. The dynamics of aging water systems is presented. Various water supply schemes are considered. There are highlighted unique details of each water supply system, that require an individual approach, careful preparation and analysis of the initial data, and performance of quite complex technical and economic calculations. The options for combining existing systems and their reconstruction are discussed. Water supply systems with a water tower are analyzed. Ways out of the crisis in water supply field are suggested.

scholarly journals Circulation management in hot water supply systems

2022 ◽  
Vol 2150 (1) ◽  
pp. 012034
Author(s):  
P V Rotov ◽  
A A Sivukhin ◽  
M A Rotova ◽  
R A Gafurov ◽  
A V Gorshkov
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Heat Consumption ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract The compliance of the actual heat consumption for heating cold water for public hot water supply service with the approved standard has been analyzed. Using passive engineering experiments, we studied the operating modes of hot water supply systems for several groups of houses, in which different methods for regulating water consumption in hot water supply systems were used. Data were collected using online energy monitoring and commercial metering system. Features of the static and dynamic load regulation of hot water systems have been investigated. The effect of methods for regulating the heat load of hot water supply systems on their actual heat consumption has been analyzed. An assessment has been made of the possibility of bringing the actual operating mode of the hot water systems to the specified value which is the basis for calculating the consumption rate. Ways to improve the efficiency of hot water supply systems have been determined. Conclusions have been drawn concerning the need to revise the standardized indicators of hot water quality and adjust the methodology for calculating the consumption rate in hot water supply systems.

scholarly journals Evaluation of standardized scored inspections for Legionnaires' disease prevention, during the Athens 2004 Olympics

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1074-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. HADJICHRISTODOULOU ◽  
G. GOUTZIANA ◽  
V. MOUCHTOURI ◽  
Ch. KAPOULA ◽  
A. KONSTANTINIDIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Microbiological Test ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Supply Systems

The study was designed to determine the contribution of standardized scored inspections implemented during the Athens 2004 Pre-Olympic and Olympic period, in assessing the presence of Legionella spp. in water sites. Inspection grading scores of 477 water supply systems, 127 cooling towers and 134 decorative fountains were associated with the corresponding microbiological test results of 2514 samples for Legionella spp. Nine violations of water supply systems and nine of cooling towers significantly associated with positive microbiological test results, and four violations of water supply systems and one of cooling towers were among those designated as ‘critical’ water safety hazards in the inspection reports. The study documents a strong correlation [water supply systems (RR 1·92), cooling towers (RR 1·94)] between unsatisfactory inspection scoring results and Legionella-positive microbiological test results (in excess of 10000 c.f.u./l) and suggests the utility of inspection scoring systems in predicting Legionella proliferation of water systems and in preventing Legionnaires' disease.

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