scholarly journals THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION AND A TREND IN THE DRUG RESISTANCE OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN THE SMOLENSK REGION IN 2005-2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
T. V. Myakisheva ◽  
M. A. Gudenkov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Healthcare Network ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The tuberculosis epidemiological situation in the Smolensk Region in 2005-2010 was appraised as poor and more tense than that in Russia as a whole. Its deterioration was noted in terms of most indicators in the past 6 years. The general healthcare network facilities were found to inadequately detect patients with tuberculosis particularly with fluorographic methods. There was a change in the pattern of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the region, a decrease in monoresistance, an increase in multidrug resistance, and preservation high of polyresistance.

Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Karachi, Pakistan

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javaid Khan ◽  
Najmul Islam ◽  
Nadya Ajanee ◽  
Wasim Jafri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Primary Resistance ◽  
Secondary Resistance ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

We determined the primary and secondary resistance of isolates of M. tuberculosis to the standard anti-tuberculous drugs in Karachi (Pakistan). Primary resistance to one or more anti-tuberculous drugs was found in 17% of 123 isolates of M. tuberculosis (obtained from patients with no history of previous treatment for tuberculosis). Secondary resistance was found in 36% of 33 isolates (obtained from individuals who had received anti-tuberculous treatment in the past). The drug to which organisms were most commonly resistant was isoniazid (11% primary resistance, 30% secondary resistance). Fifteen per cent of isolates obtained from previously-studied patients showed secondary resistance to rifampicin. We discuss the importance of these findings for tuberculosis treatment and control.

scholarly journals The Combination of Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim, and Isoniazid or Rifampin Is Bactericidal and Prevents the Emergence of Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 5142-5148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Vilchèze ◽  
William R. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tb Treatment

ABSTRACTThe challenges of developing new drugs to treat tuberculosis (TB) are indicated by the relatively small number of candidates entering clinical trials in the past decade. To overcome these issues, we reexamined two FDA-approved antibacterial drugs, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP), for use in TB treatment. SMX and TMP inhibit folic acid biosynthesis and are used in combination to treat infections of the respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal tracts. The MICs of SMX and TMP, alone and in combination, were determined for drug-susceptible, multidrug-resistant (MDR), and extensively drug-resistantMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains. While TMP alone was not effective againstM. tuberculosis, the combination of TMP and SMX was bacteriostatic againstM. tuberculosis. Surprisingly, the combination of SMX and TMP was also active against a subset of MDRM. tuberculosisstrains. Treatment ofM. tuberculosiswith TMP-SMX and a first-line anti-TB drug, either isoniazid or rifampin, was bactericidal, demonstrating that the combination of TMP and SMX with isoniazid or rifampin was not antagonistic. Moreover, the addition of SMX-TMP in combination with either isoniazid or rifampin also prevented the emergence of drug resistancein vitro. In conclusion, this study further illustrates the opportunity to reevaluate the activity of TMP-SMXin vivoto prevent the emergence of drug-resistantM. tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Influence of Antituberculosis Drug Resistance and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage on Outcome in HIV-Associated Tuberculous Meningitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 3074-3079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dau Quang Tho ◽  
M. Estée Török ◽  
Nguyen Thi Bich Yen ◽  
Nguyen Duc Bang ◽  
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Antituberculosis Drug ◽  
Isoniazid Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Kaplan Meier

ABSTRACTHIV-associated tuberculous meningitis (TBM) has high mortality. Aside from the devastating impact of multidrug resistance (MDR) on survival, little is understood about the influence of other bacterial factors on outcome. This study examined the influence ofMycobacterium tuberculosisdrug resistance, bacterial lineage, and host vaccination status on outcome in patients with HIV-associated TBM.Mycobacterium tuberculosisisolates from the cerebrospinal fluid of 186 patients enrolled in two studies of HIV-associated TBM in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, were tested for resistance to first-line antituberculosis drugs. Lineage genotyping was available for 122 patients. The influence of antituberculosis drug resistance andM. tuberculosislineage on 9-month mortality was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox multiple regression models. Isoniazid (INH) resistance without rifampin resistance was associated with increased mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 2.66;P= 0.005), and multidrug resistance was uniformly fatal (n= 8/8; adjusted HR, 5.21, 95% CI, 2.38 to 11.42;P< 0.0001). The hazard ratio for INH-resistant cases was greatest during the continuation phase of treatment (after 3 months; HR, 5.05 [95% CI, 2.23 to 11.44];P= 0.0001). Among drug-susceptible cases, patients infected with the “modern” Beijing lineage strains had lower mortality than patients infected with the “ancient” Indo-Oceanic lineage (HR, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.14 to 0.61];P= 0.001). Isoniazid resistance, multidrug resistance, andM. tuberculosislineage are important determinants of mortality in patients with HIV-associated TBM. Interventions which target these factors may help reduce the unacceptably high mortality in patients with TBM.

scholarly journals Mycobacterial Etiology of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Association with HIV Infection and Multidrug Resistance in Northern Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gambo Aliyu ◽  
Samer S. El-Kamary ◽  
Alash'le Abimiku ◽  
Nicholas Ezati ◽  
Iwakun Mosunmola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Mycobacterium Africanum

Objective. Data on pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) caused byMycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complexin Nigeria are limited. We investigated species ofMTB complexin TB cases from northern Nigeria.Methods. New TB suspects were enrolled, screened for HIV and their sputum samples were cultured after routine microscopy. Genotypes MTBC and MTBDRpluswere used to characterize theMTB complexspecies and their resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin.Results. Of the 1,603 patients enrolled, 375 (23%) hadMTB complexinfection: 354 (94.4%) hadMycobacterium tuberculosis; 20 (5.3%) hadMycobacterium africanum; and one hadMycobacterium bovis(0.3%). Cases were more likely to be male (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI : 1.42–2.46;P≤0.001), young (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI : 1.56–2.65;P≤0.001) and have HIV (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI : 1.06–1.92;P=0.032). In 23 patients (6.1%), the mycobacterium was resistant to at least one drug, and these cases were more likely to have HIV and prior TB treatment (AOR = 3.62, 95% CI : 1.51–8.84;P=0.004; AOR : 4.43; 95% CI : 1.71–11.45P=0.002resp.), compared to cases without any resistance.Conclusion.Mycobacterium tuberculosisremained the predominant specie in TB in this setting followed byMycobacterium africanumwhileMycobacterium boviswas rare. The association of TB drug resistance with HIV has implications for TB treatment.

scholarly journals The Use of Functional Genomics in Conjunction with Metabolomics forMycobacterium tuberculosisResearch

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad C. Swanepoel ◽  
Du Toit Loots
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Systems Biology ◽  
Functional Genomics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Transcriptomics Data ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Complex Genome

Tuberculosis (TB), caused byMycobacterium tuberculosis, is a fatal infectious disease, resulting in 1.4 million deaths globally per annum. Over the past three decades, genomic studies have been conducted in an attempt to elucidate the functionality of the genome of the pathogen. However, many aspects of this complex genome remain largely unexplored, as approaches like genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics have failed to characterize them successfully. In turn, metabolomics, which is relatively new to the “omics” revolution, has shown great potential for investigating biological systems or their modifications. Furthermore, when these data are interpreted in combination with previously acquired genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics data, using what is termed a systems biology approach, a more holistic understanding of these systems can be achieved. In this review we discuss how metabolomics has contributed so far to characterizing TB, with emphasis on the resulting improved elucidation ofM. tuberculosisin terms of (1) metabolism, (2) growth and replication, (3) pathogenicity, and (4) drug resistance, from the perspective of systems biology.

A major subgroup of Beijing familyMycobacterium tuberculosisis associated with multidrug resistance and increased transmissibility

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. HU ◽  
X. MA ◽  
E. A. GRAVISS ◽  
W. WANG ◽  
W. JIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Beijing Family

SUMMARYThis study investigated further the association between the Beijing familyMycobacterium tuberculosiscirculating in rural China and anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance. In total, 351M. tuberculosisisolates were collected through a population-based epidemiological study, 223 (63·5%) of which were resistant to at least one anti-TB drug, including 53 (15·1%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. Spoligotyping found 243 isolates (69·2%) that belonged to the Beijing family. A major subgroup of the Beijing family identified by mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit (MIRU) genotyping (223325173533), showed significantly higher frequencies of MDR (44·7%vs. 13·7%, OR 6·18, 95% CI 2·68–14·23),katGandrpoBmutations (31·6%vs. 9·3%, OR 4·27, 95% CI 1·86–9·80), and being clustered by IS6110RFLP genotyping (60·5%vs. 21·0%, OR 6·14, 95% CI 2·82–13·37) in comparison with other Beijing family isolates. Our data suggest that MIRU genotype 223325173533 of the Beijing family is associated with MDR and increased transmissibility.

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