scholarly journals PULMONARY PATHOLOGY OF NEW CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID- 19). THE PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF POST-MORTEM FINDINGS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F G Zabozlaev ◽  
E. V. Kravchenko ◽  
A. R. Gallyamova ◽  
N. N. Letunovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Working Hypothesis ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

Background. Currently, the patho- and morphogenesis of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is being studied in depth. Conducting a comparative analysis of the morphological changes in the lungs of deceased patients at various time periods after the onset of the first clinical symptoms. Clinical and morphological comparisons should help to increase qualified medical care for patients in the resuscitation profile and reduce hospital mortality. The aim of the study was to formulate a working hypothesis of a conceptual scheme of clinical and morphological forms of development of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Methods. An analysis of 80 fatal cases was carried out in the COVID-center of the Federal Research Clinical Center of FMBA of Russia. Along with the assessment of macro- and microscopic changes in the respiratory tract, an additional histochemical staining according to van Gieson was applied and immunohistochemical studies were performed to assess the condition of the lungs with COVID-19. Results. The revealed features of diffuse alveolar damage in case of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) made it possible to present a working hypothesis of the pathomorphogenesis of specific acute coronavirus (COVID-19) alveolitis (pneumonitis). It goes through 3 stages-forms: fulminant, persistent and fibrotic. Each stage is conditionally limited by certain time parameters and is characterized by certain morphological characters. Dysregulatory activation of monocytic phagocytes, development of generalized microthrombosis, persistent signs of the exudative phase, pathological repair, progressive intraalveolar and interstitial fibrosis are the main links in the pathomorphogenesis of specific acute coronavirus (COVID-19) alveolitis (pneumonitis).

scholarly journals Vertebral Pain in Acute COVID-19—Cases Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6926
Author(s):  
Juraj Chochol ◽  
Andrej Džubera ◽  
Róbert Illéš ◽  
Alica Chocholová ◽  
Erika Zemková
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Active Adults ◽  
Sensory Root ◽  
New Onset

Pain is one of the most common complaints among patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. While headache and chest pain are reported widely among COVID-19 presentations, there are only scarce reports about vertebral pain. This study aims to describe cases of four healthy and physically active adults, in whom the new onset of back pain was the early or only sign of COVID-19 and the reason for seeking medical outpatient care. The vertebral pain showed great variability and changed dramatically during the course of disease. Pseudoradicular symptoms were present inconstantly and variably; in some patients they varied through the day from left to right side and irradiated from various sensory root segments. Clinical symptoms did not correspond with minor morphological changes presented on MRI scans. Our experience indicates that new onset of vertebral algic syndrome should be considered as an initial indicator of novel coronavirus infection in healthy and physically active adults. There is a pressing need for attention to be paid in the examination of patients with new vertebral pain onset in the coronavirus pandemic.

A CLINICAL CASE OF COVID-19 IN A NEWBORN

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
E. N. Alferovich ◽  
◽  
I. A. Loginova ◽  
A. A. Ustinovich ◽  
E. A. Sarzhevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Infected Mother ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
One Year ◽  
System Today

The problem of coronavirus infection has captured the whole world. In one year, the views on the disease itself and its treatment have radically changed. Doctors all over the world cannot give definite answers to a number of questions regarding this virus and its impact on newborn babies. Low susceptibility to coronavirus in young children may be due to some peculiarities of the immune system. Today it is considered to be the main ways of transmission of the virus are airborne and contact. However, the airborne route of infection in newborns is unlikely, because from birth the child is isolated from the sick mother. The issue of the vertical transmission of the virus from an infected mother to a child is discussed. There is no evidence of transmission of coronavirus through breast milk. The diagnosis of coronavirus infection in children is established with a positive epidemiological history and with 2 clinical symptoms with laboratory confirmation. The article presents a single clinical case of coronavirus infection in a newborn. The possible ways of infection of the newborn, the clinical picture, the possibility of joint stay of the mother and the child, breastfeeding, and treatment of the newborn are discussed.

Indolent Neuroendocrine Tumor Involving the Bone Marrow

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-491
Author(s):  
Ellen Schlette ◽  
L. Jeffrey Medeiros ◽  
Miloslav Beran ◽  
Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Bone Marrow Biopsy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cardiac Valve Disease ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

Abstract We report a unique case of a patient with a neuroendocrine tumor localized to the bone marrow. The patient had a history of hairy cell leukemia, and the neuroendocrine tumor was detected in a bone marrow biopsy specimen obtained to assess response to 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine therapy. The neuroendocrine tumor was present as nodules that replaced approximately 15% of the bone marrow medullary space and was composed of round cells with fine chromatin, indistinct nucleoli, and relatively abundant, granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm. Histochemical stains showed cytoplasmic reactivity with Grimelius and Fontana-Masson stains, and immunohistochemical studies showed positivity for keratin and chromogranin. The histologic, cytochemical, and immunohistochemical features resembled a carcinoid tumor, and metastasis to the bone marrow was considered initially. The patient was asymptomatic without diarrhea, flushing, or cardiac valve disease. Serotonin production, assessed by the measurement of serum 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and substance P levels, was normal. Extensive clinical and radiologic work-up and endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract to detect a primary site other than the bone marrow were negative. Follow-up bone marrow biopsy 7 years after the initial diagnosis was positive for persistent neuroendocrine tumor. The patient has not received any therapy specific for the neuroendocrine tumor and has had no clinical symptoms or evidence of progression after 9 years of clinical follow-up. We suggest that this neuroendocrine tumor may have arisen in the bone marrow.

scholarly journals Pneumonitis from immune checkpoint inhibitors and COVID-19: current concern in cancer treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e000952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Rossi ◽  
Giovanni Schinzari ◽  
Giampaolo Tortora
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Serious Adverse Event ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Current Concern ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

Pneumonitis is a rare but serious adverse event caused by cancer immunotherapy. The diagnosis between COVID-19-induced pneumonia and immunotherapy-induced pneumonitis may be challenging in the era of COVID-19 outbreak. Some clinical symptoms and radiological findings of pneumonitis can be attributed to the coronavirus infection as well as to an immune-related adverse event. Identifying the exact cause of a pneumonitis in patients on treatment with immunotherapy is crucial to promptly start the most appropriate treatment. The proper management of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the risk of pneumonia must take into account a series of parameters. Accurate attention should be payed to symptoms like cough, fever and dyspnea during immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Revealing their innermost secrets: an evolutionary perspective on the disparity of the organ systems in anomuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura)

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Keiler ◽  
Stefan Richter ◽  
Christian S. Wirkner
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Chemosynthetic Bacteria ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Transformations

The Southern Australian crustacean species Lomis hirta (Lomisoidea: Lomisidae) is a representative of one of the three anomuran taxa which obtained their crab-like habitus independently from each other. This process, the evolutionary transformation into a crab-like form, is termed carcinization. To shed light on the morphological changes which took place during carcinization and to investigate structural dependence (coherence) between external and internal morphological characters, we studied L. hirta and representatives of its putatively most closely related taxa, Aegla cholchol (Aegloidea: Aeglidae) and Kiwa puravida (Chirostyloidea: Kiwaidae). External and internal anatomy was studied using microcomputertomography and computer-aided 3D reconstruction. A. cholchol and K. puravida belong to equally exceptional lineages: Aegla is endemic to South America and lives in freshwater habitats; Kiwa is a deep sea dweller associated to chemosynthetic bacteria found in methane seeps or hydrothermal vents. On the basis of recent cladistic analyses we reconstruct the anatomical ground pattern of the squat lobster-like last common ancestor of the three taxa and trace the morphological transformations that affected inner and outer morphology in the recent forms. Our results show, among other things, that the pleon in Lomis underwent drastic modifications in the context of carcinization, including a reduction of the muscular portion leaving more room for the hepatopancreas and gonads, and a narrowing of the pleonal ganglia which became shifted anteriorly into the cephalothorax and attached to the cephalothoracic ganglion. We interpret these anatomical changes in Lomis to have come about because of the loss of the caridoid escape reaction, which in turn was a direct consequence of the evolution of a strongly bent pleon as part of the crab-like habitus, and of a hidden lifestyle.

scholarly journals 2020 J. Leonard Goldner Award Winner: Inhibition of HMGB1 by Metformin Prevents Mechanical Overloading-Induced Tendinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0008
Author(s):  
Jianying Zhang ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Kentaro Onishi ◽  
MaCalus V. Hogan ◽  
James HC Wang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Normal Tendon ◽  
Chondrogenic Marker ◽  
Collagen Ii ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right

Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics; Sports Introduction/Purpose: Tendinopathy is a debilitating tendon disorder that affects millions of Americans and costs billions of healthcare dollars every year. Mechanical overloading is considered to cause the development of tendinopathy, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of tendinopathy remain unclear. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), an upstream potent inflammatory mediator, has been identified in high levels in early stage tendinopathy patients [1]. However, whether HMGB1 mediates tendinopathy development due to mechanical overloading is completely unknown. Metformin (Met), a hypoglycemic drug commonly used for the treatment of type II diabetes, has shown to inhibit the activity of HMGB1 via binding the acidic tail of HMGB1 [2]. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Met prevents mechanical overloading-induced tendinopathy by inhibiting HMGB1. Methods: A total of 24 mice were divided into 4 groups and treated for 24 weeks as follows: Group 1 (Cage) with cage activities; Group 2 (Met) received daily IP injection of metformin (50 mg/kg body weight); Group 3 (ITR) ran on treadmill at 15 meters/min for 3 h/ day, 5 days a week; Group 4 (ITR+Met) ran the same protocol as that of ITR group but with daily IP injection of metformin. Six mice/group were sacrificed at 24 weeks and the Achilles and patellar tendon tissues were harvested. The tendons from the left legs were used for histochemical staining and the right for immunostaining. Results: We found that mechanical overloading induced HMGB1 release into tendon matrix (Fig. 1G, K, O). Metformin inhibited HMGB1 release (Fig. 1H, L, P). ITR induced degenerative tendinopathy as evidenced by the cell morphological changes from elongated shape in normal tendon (Fig. 2A, E, I, M) to round shape (Fig. 2C, G, K, O) and the accumulation of proteoglycans (Fig. 2K, O) in ITR tendon. Metformin injection inhibited ITR effect, which is shown by less round shaped cells and low proteoglycan levels found in metformin injected ITR tendons (Fig. 2D, H, L, P). ITR promoted the expression of chondrogenic markers (collagen II and SOX-9) in tendon (Fig. 3C, G, K, O), and metformin inhibited the expression of chondrogenic makers (Fig. 3D, H, L, P). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that mechanical overloading induced degenerative changes in mouse tendons characterized by the presence of chondrocyte-like cells, accumulation of proteoglycans, high levels of chondrogenic marker SOX-9 and Collagen II expression. Administration of metformint reduced the degenerative responses in overloaded tendon and blocked the development of tendinopathy. These findings support the notion that mechanical overloading induces tendinopathy development by initiation of tendon inflammation via HMGB1, which leads to eventual tendon degeneration. Thus, metformin, a commonly prescribed and FDA approved drug that specifically inhibits HMGB1, can be used to prevent tendinopathy development due to mechanical overloading placed on the tendon.

Analysis of therapeutic choices for slit ventricle syndrome after cyst-peritoneal shunting for temporal arachnoid cysts in children

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tie Fang ◽  
Jinshan Xu ◽  
Shejun Wang ◽  
Zhenyu Ma ◽  
Jian Xing
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Arachnoid Cysts ◽  
Slit Ventricle Syndrome ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Radiological Data ◽  
Programmable Valve ◽  
Slit Ventricle ◽  
Radiological Studies

Object The goal in this study was to investigate early diagnostic evidence, optimal therapeutic strategies, and prophylactic methods for slit ventricle syndrome (SVS) in patients with temporal lobe arachnoid cysts who received cyst-peritoneal (CP) shunts. Methods Six cases of SVS in patients with temporal lobe arachnoid cysts who received CP shunts were treated by the senior authors in 2 institutions between January 2005 and January 2009. The radiological data, treatment process, and therapeutic results were reviewed retrospectively. Results There were 4 boys and 2 girls, whose mean age at presentation was 4 years and 1 month. The main clinical symptoms were severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and decreasing eyesight. Radiological studies showed normal or slightly smaller than normal ventricles, and arachnoid cysts that had shrunk dramatically. The most effective treatment for SVS was to replace the original shunts with devices that had a programmable valve, or if this was unsuccessful, to replace the original shunts with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts. All symptoms in these patients disappeared, and the mean follow-up duration was 24 months. Conclusions The SVS presents more often in patients with hydrocephalus who undergo VP shunting. However, it is also a serious complication in patients with arachnoid cysts who receive a CP shunt. The SVS is not a single condition; rather, different pathophysiological conditions can underlie this complicated syndrome. Because there are no striking morphological changes on radiological studies of the SVS in the patients with CP shunts, it is not easy for this syndrome to be diagnosed in time and treated rationally. Misdiagnosis and delayed treatment usually occur. The use of programmable shunts or VP shunts to replace the original shunt is an optimal therapeutic choice. The use of low-pressure shunts to treat arachnoid cysts should be abandoned unless dictated by specific indications.

Lower airways and lungs affection in coronavirus infection covid-19 among children and adults: similarities and differences (review of literature)

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
E. G. Furman ◽  
M. N. Repetskaya ◽  
I. P. Koryukina
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Opal Glass ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Diseases ◽  
Immune Deficiencies ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
The Moment

The review presents the data of actual publications for 2019-2020 regarding the course of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in children and adults. The features of a new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causes of its tropism to human respiratory system are discussed. The questions of clinical and roentgenological manifestations of lung affection in COVID-19 among children and adults are described in details. The adult COVID-19 is characterized by the presence of clinical symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection: elevation of temperature ( 90 %), cough (dry or with small amount of sputum) in 80% of cases, dyspnea (55 %), fatigability (44 %), sense of stiffness in chest ( 20 %). The most severe dyspnea is being developed by the days 68 from the moment of falling ill. Separately, the peculiar features of computed tomography of the lungs in children and adults with COVID-19 are discussed. The typical signs for CT-picture of the lungs in children with COVID-19 infection and pneumonia are bilateral affection, infiltration with a typical surrounding aureole the sign of halo, the symptom of opal glass with predominantly peripheral localization and often in combination with elevated procalcitonin level. The cases of pneumonias in newborns and children of the first year of life with COVID-19 infection are considered in the paper. A clinical case with roentgenograms of thoracic organs and results of computed tomography accompanying is presented as an illustration. The high-risk groups of complicated COVID-19 course can include children with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, patients with immune deficiencies, hemodynamically significant heart failures and chronic renal disease.

Chronic interstitial fibrosis in the rat kidney induced by long-term (6-mo) exposure to lithium

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (3) ◽  
pp. F300-F307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Walker ◽  
John P. Leader ◽  
Jennifer J. Bedford ◽  
Glenda Gobe ◽  
Gerard Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Active Inflammation

There is a lack of suitable animal models that replicate the slowly progressive chronic interstitial fibrosis that is characteristic of many human chronic nephropathies. We describe a chronic long-term (6-mo) model of lithium-induced renal fibrosis, with minimal active inflammation, which mimics chronic kidney interstitial fibrosis seen in the human kidney. Rats received lithium via their chow (60 mmol lithium/kg food) daily for 6 mo. No animals died during the exposure. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was established by 3 wk and persisted for the 6 mo. Following metabolic studies, the animals were killed at 1, 3, and 6 mo and the kidneys were processed for histological and immunohistochemical studies. Progressive interstitial fibrosis, characterized by increasing numbers of myofibroblasts, enhanced transforming growth factor-β1 expression and interstitial collagen deposition, and a minimal inflammatory cellular response was evident. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of injury in this model will provide a greater understanding of chronic interstitial fibrosis and allow the development of intervention strategies to prevent injury.

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