The science of eye diseases in Saint Petersburg in the XVIII century

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
N. V. Milasheva ◽  
V. O. Samoilov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Full Professor ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Russian Scientific

A brief overview of the state of Russian medicine of the XVII century is presented firstly. The main attention is paid to the treatment of eye diseases during the XVIII century and the influence of famous foreign doctors and scientists on the origin and formation of Russian ophthalmology and its scientific basis. Special attention is paid to the role of the outstanding Dutch doctor and world-famous scientist G. Burhaave, who was called the teacher of the whole Europe, in the development of medicine and identification of ophthalmology as an independent section of medicine and as a special discipline. This contributed to the further development of ophthalmology not only in Europe but also in Russia. The important role of the Vienna ophthalmology school and its representatives, including G.Y. Beer, Y. Bart, J.Ya. Morenheim and others, is stated in relation to the formation of the Russian scientific school of ophthalmology, which was the successor of Vienna best traditions. Great attention is paid to scientific papers and textbooks on ophthalmology published in the XVIII century in Russian. We also studied the student book by G. Burhaave Public lectures on eye diseases that was the main textbook of the XVIII century for medical students throughout Europe and was published in Russia in 1798. We also analyzed the little-known in Russia handwritten document from the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive an essay by the Austrian doctor of medicine and surgery Professor J. Ya. Plenka Doctrina de morbisoculorum (Doctrine of Eye Diseases) translated into Russian by the doctor of medicine A. Maslovsky (1798). A. Maslovsky dedicated the translation of this recognized in Europe scientific work to the Chief Director of the Medical College Baron A. I. Vasiliev. On September 23, 1818, according to the Highest Order of Emperor Alexander the I the first department of optics in Russia was established at the Saint Petersburg branch of the Medical and Surgical Academy with the approval of doctor of medicine and surgery I. E. Grubi in the position of full professor.

scholarly journals “Continuing Library and Information Education” – the Conference inspired by Valentina A. Minkina, or On the role of the individual in history

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
V. V. Brezhneva ◽  
Yu. V. Babushkina ◽  
I. E. Paramonova
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Prominent Scientist ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Library And Information Education ◽  
And Training

In March, 2021, Valentina A. Minkina would turn eighty. Valentina A. Minkina is a prominent scientist, doctor of pedagogy, Professor of Information Management Department that she headed from 1991 to 2004. In memory of Valentina Minkina, the Library and Information Faculty of Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Culture holds the annual International Scientific and Methodological Conference “Continuing LIS Education”. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many professional events had to move to online or were deferred to a later date, and this conference, too. It is hard to overestimate the contribution of Valentina Minkina made to the library science. The authors review in brief her research efforts as the leader of the library scientific school and a wonderful mentor. The authors also review the origins and development of the conference. Among other library professional forums, the conference is unique as it focuses on professional education and training staff for libraries and information organizations, which is due not in no small way to Minkina’s ideas and the faculty’s traditions. The most significant publications in the periodicals on the conference are listed.

TRAJECTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AS AN INDEPENDENT FIELD OF KNOWLEDGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 170-182
Author(s):  
M. V. MEL’NIK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Principles

The article shows the importance of economic analysis in the system of economic knowledge, its formation as an independent area of ​​research. The main stages of the formation of theoretical and methodological principles of analysis and the development of practice in leading economic entities are analyzed. The preconditions for the formation and development of complex economic analysis, its role and significance in improving management in the activities of economic entities are considered; shows the possibilities of using modern methods and approaches to the development of complex economic analysis and the expansion of its use in the practice of economic entities of different levels. The article is based on the disclosure of the role of the leading Russian scientist, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Anatoly Danilovich Sheremet, in the development of economic science and economic analysis, as an independent area of ​​knowledge, who for many decades headed the Russian scientific school of economic analysis.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY HUMANITARIAN STUDIES (TO THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE YAROSLAVSK SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF CULTURALS, CREATED BY PROFESSOR TATYANA ZLOTNIKOVA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
E.Ya. Burlina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
30Th Anniversary ◽  
Local Space

The article is devoted to the analysis of interdisciplinary humanitarian studies and the 30th anniversary of the scientific school established by the Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Professor, Doctor of Art History Tatyana Semenovna Zlotnikova. Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, where the well-known Russian scientific school of cultural studies was born, is also home to the World of the Russian Province Research Center, the Dissertation Council, and several journals reviewed by the Higher Attestation Commission. Professor T.S. Zlotnikova is the founder and scientific leader of these institutions. The success of scientific work is measured today as a global scientific demand, and practical significance for its local space. Scientists from the best research centers in Russia participate in annual "Yaroslavl conferences", grant projects and publications. Yaroslavl cultural projects involve all age and professional levels: from students, undergraduates, postgraduates to doctoral students and professors. However, even with the mass audience, Professor Zlotnikova and her students are talented at building a dialogue. This article deals primarily with the methodology and publishing genres put forward by the Yaroslavl Scientific School of Cultural Studies: an analysis of the creative personality, the concept of Russian mass culture and a fundamentally new textbook on cultural studies. The publications of Professor T. S. Zlotnikova and her colleagues on these problems have a significant heuristic potential, are of high practical significance and have been awarded numerous grants. On the one hand, the 30th anniversary of the Yaroslavl scientific school of cultural studies is a phenomenon of scientific life; on the other hand, the analysis of topical problems of cultural studies based on the material of the multigenre editions of Professor T.S. Zlotnikova is a methodological and research work

scholarly journals Role of diplomacy in the formation of Saint-Petersburg collections of Chinese cultural monuments (1802–1917)

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
O. A. Korotkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
General Staff ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Xixth Century ◽  
High Level ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
Cultural Monuments

The paper investigates connections between development of Russian diplomacy and formation of collections of Chinese cultural monuments in Saint-Petersburg in 1802–1917, years when Ministry of Foreign Aff airs of Russian Empire was operating. It is shown that intensifi cation of diplomatic relations led to many diff erent researches and collecting of Chinese cultural monuments in museums. Members of Russian Spiritual Mission in Beijing brought manuscripts and books, works of art, ethnographic materials from China to Saint-Petersburg in the fi rst half of the XIXth century. These objects were transmitted to museums, scientifi c organizations or stayed in private collections for some time. Special attention is given to scantily explored practice of storing Chinese written and material culture monuments in rooms of Asian department of Ministry of Foreign Aff airs in General Staff building. Private collections of diplomats working in China started to form in the second half of the XIXth century. Research in form of expeditions with the help of Russian diplomatic missions in China became possible by the end of the century. Diplomatic success that led to establishing international relations on a new high level helped to gain a lot of diplomatic gifts from China that came to tsars’ collections. Exhibitions in General Staff building of the State Hermitage show how modern exhibition activity with these monuments opens new horizons for scientific work.

scholarly journals EXTERNAL APPEARANCE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE)

2020 ◽  
pp. 232-250
Author(s):  
В.А. Лабунская
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

Рассматриваются социально-психологические проблемы и направления исследования внешнего облика и сопряженной с ним феноменологии, представленные в докладах, сообщениях, на круглых столах, мастер-классах, включенных в программу работы Всероссийской научной конференции «Внешний облик в различных контекстах взаимодействия» (28-30 октября 2019 г., ЮФУ, г. Ростов-на-Дону). Название конференции отражает наблюдаемые в современном обществе тенденции, а именно возрастание ценности и значимости внешнего облика в регуляции отношений и увеличение влияния социально-психологических функций внешнего облика на различные стороны жизнедеятельности человека. Проблемное поле конференции было сформулировано группой исследователей, представляющих научную школу «Социальная психология внешнего облика», возглавляемую профессором В.А. Лабунской. Оно было отражено в следующих направлениях изучения внешнего облика в социальной психологии: 1.Методологические и теоретические подходы к изучению внешнего облика человека; 2. Культурные и этнические традиции отношения к внешнему облику; 3. Роль рекламы, цифрового пространства в формировании отношения к внешнему облику в молодежной среде; 4. Восприятие, оценка, интерпретация внешнего облика в формировании отношения к жизни (субъективное благополучие, удовлетворенность жизнью и т.д.); 5. Социально-демографические, социально-психологические, личностно-субъектные факторы отношения к внешнему облику; 6. Роль внешнего облика в контексте образовательной среды; 7. Влияние внешнего облика на решение задач трудоустройства, карьерного роста, на семейно-брачные, романтические отношения; 8. Лукизм и практико-ориентированные подходы к изменению отношения к внешнему облику. В содержательном плане эти направления исследований представлены в изданных материалах конференции. The social and psychological problems and the directions of the research of appearance and the phenomenology interfaced to it presented in reports, messages on round tables, master classes included in the program of work of the All-Russian scientific conference "Appearance in Various Contexts of Interaction" was considered (on October 28-30, 2019, SFU, Rostov-on-Don). The name of the conference reflects the trends observed in modern society, namely the increase in the value and importance of external appearance in the regulation of relations and the increase in the influence of social and psychological functions of external appearance on various aspects of human life. The problem field of the conference was formulated by a group of researchers representing the scientific school "Social Psychology of External Appearance," headed by Professor V.A. Labunskoy. It was reflected in the following directions of study of external appearance in social psychology: 1. Methodological and theoretical approaches to study of the external appearance of a man; 2. Cultural and ethnic traditions of attitudes towards appearance; 3. The role of advertising, digital space in shaping attitudes towards appearance among young people; 4. Perception, evaluation, interpretation of external appearance in the formation of attitude to life (subjective well-being, satisfaction with life, etc.); 5. Socio-demographic, socio-psychological, personal-subject factors of attitude to appearance; 6. The role of appearance in the educational environment; 7. Influence of external appearance on solving tasks of employment, career development, on family-marriage, romantic relations; 8. Lukism and practical-oriented approaches to changing attitudes towards appearance. In substantive terms, these areas of research were presented in the published materials of the conference.

scholarly journals И.С. Гурвич: науки связующая нить

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Elena A. Pivneva
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Current State ◽  
Initial Stage

Summary. The paper is an overview of the Northern studies during the Soviet era (1960–1980s) in comparison with their current state in Russia through the prism of scientific work of I.S. Gurvich. The all-Russian Scientific Conference dedicated to his 100-th Anniversary was held in IEA RAS, Moscow on October, 24–25 in 2019. The article describes the initial stage of Gurvich’s scientific career related to his residence in Yakutia and analyzes his work as the head of the Department of Northern Studies of the Moscow Institute of Ethnography. The article particularly emphasizes the role of the Northern expedition of this Institute in the development of Northern studies in Russia and the role of the personality factor in formation of the discipline. The author discusses problem of the connection of scientific research with the political context. It is concluded that some areas and principles of scientific work originated by I.S. Gurvich retain their importance for current research. At the same time, post-Soviet Northern studies have been changing significantly under the influence of socio-political transformations and new scientific theories. The scientific paradigm is shifting; the subject area and the toolkit of applied methods are expanding. The new context of fieldwork, the inclusion of the minorities' opinions themselves in the scientific discourse, compel us to re-conceptualize the idea of “field”. The current situation makes scientists face many new challenges, for which the experience and scientific heritage of I. S. Gurvich and former employees of the Department of the Northern and Siberian Studies are of great importance.

ROLE OF LIPID PROFILE IN OVARIAN CARCINOMA PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Manisha ◽  
Dr. Ruchi Jindal
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Ovarian Tumor ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
History Of

Background: The term "ovarian cancer" includes several different types of cancer that  arise from cells of the ovary, most commonly, tumors arise from the epithelium or lining cells of the ovary.  Ovarian cancer risk is positively associated with higher consumption of dietary cholesterol and eggs, and inversely associated with a higher intake of vegetables. High consumption of fats may increase circulating estrogen levels, thus increasing the possibility of cell damage and proliferation that is responsible for cancerous growth. Material & Methods: The present study was conducted at Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur (Rajasthan). Total  100 cases (females) attending the obstetrics and gynecology department for some gynecological and other problem  were selected for this study between the age of 40-60 years, who were attending cancer centre at GEETANJALI MEDICAL COLLEGE AND  HOSPITAL, Udaipur (Rajasthan).                GROUP I: - It consisted of healthy females control subjects (n=50) .By routine examination and tests, we ensured that all the subjects were healthy and there were no signs and symptoms or history of ovarian tumor and diseases GROUP II: - It consisted of ovarian cancer females subjects (n=50) with a history of ovarian tumor. Results:   Higher level of cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and low level of HDL are found in ovarian cancer patients. Conclusion: The present study we highlights the importance and role of serum lipid profile in diagnosis, prognosis and recurrence of the disease. The study shows that serum level of cholesterol, LDL, VLDL was elevated in  patients of ovarian cancer while low level of HDL are found in ovarian cancer patients. Key words: lipid profile, ovarian cancer.

Artificial intelligence and the management transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-612
Author(s):  
L.F. Nikulin ◽  
V.V. Velikorossov ◽  
S.A. Filin ◽  
A.B. Lanchakov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Strategic Culture ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
And Training

Subject. The article discusses how management transforms as artificial intelligence gets more important in governance, production and social life. Objectives. We identify and substantiate trends in management transformation as artificial intelligence evolves and gets more important in governance, production and social life. The article also provides our suggestions for management and training of managers dealing with artificial intelligence. Methods. The study employs methods of logic research, analysis and synthesis through the systems and creative approach, methodology of technological waves. Results. We analyzed the scope of management as is and found that threats and global challenges escalate due to the advent of artificial intelligence. We provide the rationale for recognizing the strategic culture as the self-organizing system of business process integration. We suggest and substantiate the concept of soft power with reference to strategic culture, which should be raised, inter alia, through the scientific school of conflict studies. We give our recommendations on how management and training of managers should be improved in dealing with artificial intelligence as it evolves. The novelty hereof is that we trace trends in management transformation as the role of artificial intelligence evolves and growth in governance, production and social life. Conclusions and Relevance. Generic solutions are not very effective for the Russian management practice during the transition to the sixth and seventh waves of innovation. Any programming product represents artificial intelligence, which simulates a personality very well, though unable to substitute a manager in motivating, governing and interacting with people.

NATURAL SCIENTISTS AND RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC FILMMAKING IN THE PRE-REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD (SCIENCE DIVISION OF THE A.A. KHANZHONKOV COMPANY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-368
Author(s):  
YEVGENIY ALEKSANDROV
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Delayed Reaction ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Education Community ◽  
Future System ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The aim of the article is to recall the fi steps of comprehension by the scientific community of possibilities of a newly born means of the reality reflection. The means was initially oriented for obtaining reliable information and supposing a delayed reaction of the spectator in the process of communication. Recollection and understanding become more important under the distance education condition. Pre-revolutionary Russia lived anticipating changes, and the filmmaking was considered by the society as one of those progressive phenomena evidencing the coming of a new age. The scientists’ activity during the development of scientific fi in pre-revolutionary Russia was long hushed up and wasn’t considered as forming a basis for the future system of educational audio-visual communication. In this process there participated striking, creative personalities, mostly belonged to the community of Imperial Moscow University, which activity was during the age of changes. The significant contribution of pleiad of eminent scientists’ activity to the new direction formation was a reason to unify in one paper both their whole professional life data and information about their time-limited period of scientific fi In the future a more profound study of their achievements are considered to be promising. In the introduction the anterior period of the Russian fi appearance, where the scientific and education community of Russia was exploring the possibilities of a new means of information transfer for education purposes, is considered. Two main units are dedicated to the role of scientists in the development of scientific filmmaking for research and popularization of biomedical and physical problems.

The Limit Situation And The Narrative Of War (On The Material Of The Novel “My Lieutenant” By Daniil Granin)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
Anatoly S. Kuprin ◽  
Galina I. Danilina
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Continuous Limit ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Term Limit ◽  
Abstract Author ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this study is the analysis of limit situation in the narrative of war. The material of the study is the novel of Daniil Granin “My Lieutenant” and related texts. In the first part of the paper, the authors explore existing approaches to the term “limit situation” and similar concepts into scientific and philosophical traditions; limits of its applicability in literary studies and its relation to the categories of “narrative instances” and “event”. Proposed a literary-theoretical definition of the limit situation, which can be used in the analysis of fiction texts. Existing approaches to the examination of the situation of war are analyzed: philosophical-existential, psychoanalytic, sociological, literary. In the second part of the paper, the authors propose their method for analyzing limit situations in texts about war, which basis on existing approaches and preserves the text-centric principle of studying the structure of the story. Two interrelated areas of research have been identified: the study of war as a continuous limit situation in the intertextual aspect (the discourse of war); the study of limit situations (death, suffering, guilt, accident) in the narrative of war as part of a specific text. In the third part of the scientific work,the analysis of war as a continuous limit situation results in the study of the concept of “limit” (border) in a fiction text. The role of “limit” (border) concept in the texts about the war is studied, the possible types of limits in the discourse of war are examined. Limit situations in the narrative of war are analyzed on the basis of the novel “My Lieutenant” by Daniil Granin. A review of journalistic and scientific works about the novel revealed both the continuity and the differences between the novel and the “lieutenant” prose of the 20th century. An analysis of the limit situations in the novel revealed their key position in the narrative. These situations are independent of the fiction time, of the fluctuation of the point of view’; the function of the abstract author is to build the narrative as a “directive” immersion of the hero and narrator in these situations.

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