scholarly journals To the history of the creation of anatomical theaters in the Medical and Surgical (Military Medical Academy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
I. V. Gaivoronskiy ◽  
M. V. Tvardovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
Training Aids ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Anatomical Theater ◽  
The Right ◽  
Story Building

Was established that the prototype of anatomical theaters in Russia was the anatomical theater of Leiden University (Holland), built in 1575. This theater is shown in color engraving of Cornelius Woodan, created in 1610. In St. Petersburg, at the Department of Anatomy and Physiology of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy, this engraving was received in 1805 as part of the collection of the anatomist V. Kruikshenk, acquired for the academy with the direct assistance of Emperor Alexander I. In Russia, the first anatomical theater appeared only in 1708. It was created at the Moscow Medical and Surgical Academy. Historians connect his appearance with a visit in 1697 by Emperor Peter the I of Leiden University. In St. Petersburg, the history of anatomical theaters dates back to the PetrovskayaKunstkamera, built in 1722. It demonstrated rarities - freaks, and also heard scientific reports. Russian anatomical theaters as an arena for the production of public spectacular autopsy did not receive their development but became an integral part of the anatomy department at higher educational institutions. Such an anatomical training theater was built at the foundation of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy on the right bank of the Neva in a stone two- story building. The first head of the Department of Anatomy and hysiology, P.A. Zagorsky took part in its design and equipment. Zagorsky. There was a table in the center of the amphitheater, the dimensions of which made it possible to demonstrate a whole corpse at a lecture, to conduct physiological experiments. In this amphitheater, lectures were given by Professor P.A. Zagorsky, I.V. Buyalsky, P.A. Naranovich. It lasted until 1871. The creation of a new anatomical theater in Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy is associated with the name of Professor V.L. Gruber, who after N.I. Pirogov headed the Anatomical Institute. In 1857, V.L. Gruber visited 13 anatomical institutes in Germany and in his trip report substantiated the idea of building a new anatomical building - a specialized Anatomical Institute. V.L. Gruber report was approved by the Academy Conference, headed by its head - P.A. Dubovitsky. In 1864, the building was laid, the construction of which was completed only in 1871. The construction was carried out under the guidance of an engineer - captain of the academician of architecture K.Ya. Sokolova. In this three-story building, the current Anatomical building, two classrooms were built in each wing - № 1 and № 2. They look like an amphitheater and are a prototype of the best European anatomical theaters. Currently, overhaul has been carried out in this building; the design of the anatomical theater has been preserved in classrooms 1 and 2. These auditoriums, which are a historical monument of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy, are equipped with modern technical training aids. It is in these classrooms that cadets and students of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy are currently starting their journey into medicine.

scholarly journals Natalya Nikolaevna Kholodkovskaya: at the origins of bibliographic work at the Military Medical Academy

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Mamaуeva ◽  
Alina A. Kormilitsyna ◽  
Lada L. Kravtsova
Keyword(s):  
Military Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Profile ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Medical Order ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Military

The purpose of this publication is to comprehensively and fully disclose the contribution of the scientist bibliographer Natalya Nikolaevna Kholodkovskaya to the work of the bibliographic department of the fundamental library of the Military Medical Academy. The preparation of the materials for this article is timed to coincide with two significant dates: in 2021, the bibliography department of the library of the Military Medical Academy will celebrate 90 years and the 130th anniversary of the birth of N.N. Kholodkovskaya. The article is devoted to the pages of the biography of N.N. Kholodkovskaya, her professional development and major achievements in the field of bibliographic activity. In the choice of the profession of Natalya Nikolaevna, the influence of her father, the famous professor, the outstanding zoologist and the original lyric poet Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kholodkovsky, can be traced. For 45 years from 1921 to 1966 N.N. Kholodkovskaya worked in the fundamental library of the academy, in different years she held the positions of a scientific bibliographer, head of the department, and from December 2, 1938 to September 1939, she headed the library. With the name of N.N. Kholodkovskaya connected the creation of the bibliography department, the first head of which she became. During the Great Patriotic War N.N. Kholodkovskaya was in besieged Leningrad and helped preserve the richest library fund. The main directions of the work of the bibliography department under the leadership of N.N. Kholodkovskaya were: preparation of bibliographic lists of literature, execution of written or oral address, clarifying, factual information on various topics; deep bibliographic development of large planning topics; development of the reference and bibliographic apparatus, replenishment of the auxiliary reference fund; preparation of written and oral translations, preparation of abstracts of articles on military medicine from foreign journals and books. The translations were regularly published in the Military Medical Journal. N.N. Kholodkovskaya compiled a number of valuable indexes that have not lost their significance. Among them: Bibliographic index of Russian literature on military medicine, Materials for the history of the Military Medical Order of Lenin of the Academy S.M. Kirov, The effect of penetrating radiation on the body, Sleep therapy and others. The current profile bibliographic information of the structural divisions of the Academy and individual specialists was at a high level in accordance with their scientific and educational needs and requests. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that this is the first attempt at scientific understanding of the work of the bibliography department of the library of the Military Medical Academy, in attracting previously unpublished documents, memoirs of contemporaries. As a result of the preparation of the publication, materials were found and analyzed that give a more complete picture of the personality and professional merits of N.N. Kholodkovskaya; about its role in the creation and development of the bibliography department, in the confirmation of the principles and methods of bibliographic work, which are adhered to in the department to this day (17 figs, bibliography: 26 refs).

THE CHANCELLERY OF CONTRACT AFFAIRS (TO THE HISTORY OF LEGISLATIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATION OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN RUSSIA IN PETER THE GREAT’S TIME)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
D.A. REDIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Early History ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Administrative Regulation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Distinct Features

The purpose of the article is to research the history of creation and formation of the Chancellery of Contract Affairs – the first supervisory and regulatory body in the field of public procurement in Russia. The early history of the Contracting Chancellery (1715–1717) can be traced in the context of the development of legislative and administrative regulation of public procurement during the reign of Peter the Great. The institution of public procurement itself, according to the author, is associated with the acquisition of distinct features of the modern state by Russia, which was manifested in the previous time. The immediate impetus for the development of the institution was the reform of the armed forces and the resulting mobilization efforts of the supreme power. The very content of the research predetermined the use of source-based and historical-legal methods. As a result of the study, the author states that the creation of a special body – the Chancellery of Contract Affairs, designed to take control of the situation under state contracts, turned out to be the right decision. The well-coordinated work of the Contracting Chancellery with the Senate, fiscal authorities and investigative bodies led to the creation of a number of important regulatory legal acts, almost ‘from scratch’ forming the legislative basis for the institution of public procurement functioning. The need for further work on the designated topic is noted.

scholarly journals The Royal Institution in Ancient Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Jafar Aghazadeh ◽  
Hasan Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Main Obstacle ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Royal Institution ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Right

<p>In the thoughts and beliefs of Iranians, kingdom has had a history of the creation of human beings on the earth. Accordingly, Iranians believe that the first creature and human being on the earth was the first king of Iran. Iranians connects the history of their mythical royal dynasties to the creation of humanity. For Iranians, the mythical kings of Iran are the creators of the royal institution and the functions and duties of the royal institution have been established, developed and transferred to next generations by the measures of these kings. The objective of the present study is to investigate the establishment of the royal institution and the development of royal institution in ancient Iran by a descriptive-analytical method. The findings indicate that Iranians had specific sacredness for their kings and called the first creature of Ahura Mazda as the King. In addition, they believed that kings should perform particular tasks whose formation was attributed to the mythical kings of Iran. Further, they believed that only those persons had the right of being a king who were from the race of kings and were approved by Ahura Mazda. to examine Lessing’s elucidation of authentic knowledge in <em>Shikasta</em>. The methodology appropriated in the paper entails depiction of visible world as an illusion of the Real pointed in Plato’s allegory of Cave and Nagarjuna’s Mundane Truth. We clarify emotion as the main motivator of such illusionary status stressed in both Plato and Nagarjuna’s thoughts. We argue that while the importance of reason and eradicating emotion cannot be ignored, what adjoins people to Truth is mindfulness and intuitive knowledge which is close to Nagarjuna’s non-dual patterns. By examining ordinary life as the illusion of Real, and emotion as the main obstacle to achieve the Truth emphasized in both Nagarjuna and Plato’s trends, we depart from other critics who undermine the eminence of essentialist trace in Lessing’s works and examine her approach towards Truth merely under postmodern lens. This departure is significant since we clarify while essentialism has been abandoned to a large extent and supporters of Plato have become scarce, amalgamation of his thoughts with spiritual trends opens a fresh way to earn authenticity in Lessing’s novel. </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Helena Antipoff: Science as a Passport for a Woman’s Career between Europe and Latin America

2019 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Regina Regina Helena de Freitas Campos ◽  
Erika Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Psychological Care ◽  
Scientific Training ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Education In Brazil

Helena Antipoff was one of the pioneers in the constitution of the fields of knowledge of educational psychology and special education in Brazil. Born in Russia, Antipoff received her education in Paris and Geneva. Researches in the history of education and of psychology have revealed the innovative character of Antipoff’s work as a researcher, as a professor and as a founder of different educational institutions in Brazil, with a focus on educational and psychological care for children with disabilities or at social risk. Her career is characterized by a sound scientific approach combined with a deep commitment to the right of children and youth to education and care. These directions can be associated with her scientific training in the sciences of education in a time of social turbulence and school reform, when many women became professionals in the field of education, trying to combine family, work and militant activity.

Terroristic sniper shot ocular injuries: military and police casualties: case series

2018 ◽  
Vol 164 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soner Guven ◽  
A H Durukan
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Case Series ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Ocular Injuries ◽  
The Right ◽  
Trauma Score

IntroductionSniper shot ocular injuries (SSOI) are rare and result in poor ocular outcomes due to high energy transfer both to the eye and the adjacent brain. To our knowledge, no reports of such injuries in terms of outcomes have been previously described in the literature. The aim of this case series was to describe the treatment performed and ocular outcomes of such injuries.MethodsFive cases of terroristic SSOIs referred to Gulhane Military Medical Academy Department of Ophthalmology between 22 July 2015 and 30 January 2017 were reviewed. Comparisons were made between the location and mechanism of injury, initial and final ocular signs, interventions and additional extraocular injuries.ResultsTwo cases were of police officers and the remaining were Turkish military soldiers. All of our cases were injured in urban district by terrorist snipers hidden in apartments. Four individuals were injured in the right eye and the other was injured bilaterally. Initial visual acuities (VA) ranged from no light perception (NLP) to 0.0 with logMAR. Final VA raised to 0.0 in three patients whereas in two of NLP patients it remained the same. Mean Ocular Trauma Score was 2.2. Two eyes necessitated evisceration and the others underwent vitrectomy surgery.ConclusionsThe prognosis of SSOI is unpredictable and is highly dependent on the trajectory and energy deposition. Primary evisceration or enucleation should be reserved to severely ruptured globe cases with no chance of globe-saving procedures. If the globe remains intact, retinal and vitreal damage should be repaired. Due to risk of associated intracranial injury, all patients should be referred for neurosurgical opinion.

The Natural History of Whales

Polar Record ◽  
1942 ◽  
Vol 3 (24) ◽  
pp. 553-563
Author(s):  
N. A. Mackintosh
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Present State ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Sperm Whale ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Right Whales ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

The purpose of this article is to give a general indication of the present state of our knowledge of whales, regarded as an element of the oceanic fauna, and to indicate some of the more important problems which still await solution. The term “whales” is used here to include only the largest of the Cetacea, which are the Right whales, the Rorquals and the Sperm whale; and the subject has to do with these whales in the collective sense, that is to say their habits as a community, and their breeding, growth and distribution, especially in the southern hemisphere, rather than with such matters as comparative anatomy and physiology.

The evolution of military neurosurgery in the Turkish army

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. E16
Author(s):  
Yusuf Izci
Keyword(s):  
General Surgeon ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Military Hospitals ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of Neurosurgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Neurosurgery ◽  
The Republic

The history of neurosurgery in the Turkish army is not long and complex. Neurosurgery was first practiced in the Ottoman army by Cemil Pasha, who was a general surgeon. After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Turkey was established and modern neurosurgical procedures were applied at the Gulhane Military Medical Academy (GMMA). Maj. Zinnur Rollas, M.D., was the founder of the Department of Neurosurgery at GMMA in 1957. A modern neurosurgical program and school was established in 1965 by Col. Hamit Ziya Gokalp, M.D., who completed his residency training in the US. Today, 26 military neurosurgeons are on active duty in 11 military hospitals in Turkey. All of these neurosurgeons work in modern clinics and operating theaters. In this paper, military neurosurgery in the Turkish army is reported in 3 parts: 1) the history of neurosurgery in the Turkish military, 2) the Department of Neurosurgery at the GMMA, and 3) the duties of a military neurosurgeon in the Turkish army.

scholarly journals To the 150 anniversary of the Military medical academy department of dermatology and venerology

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
A V Samtsov ◽  
R A Ravodin ◽  
A S Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Venereal Diseases ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Military ◽  
Work Done

Abstact. Described the stages of the formation of one of the first in Russia departments of skin and venereal diseases of the Military medical academy. S.M. Kirov. The contribution of eminent dermatovenerologists of the department leaders is noted: A.G. Polotebnova, V.M. Tarnovsky, T.P. Pavlova, P.A. Velikanova, M.G. Mgebrova, S.T. Pavlova, О.K. Shaposhnikova, A.N. Rodionov. So, A.G. Polotebnov is considered to be the founder of Russian dermatology and venereology. V.M. Tarnovsky was the initiator of the creation of the first in Europe Russian Syphilidological and Dermatological Society. T.P. Pavlov is known for his works on the histopathology of dermatoses, and also raised a large school of dermatology. S.T. Pavlov described for the first time in the world acantholytic cells in pemphigus, and Academician OK Shaposhnikov was the country’s leading specialist in immunology and histopathology of skin vasculitis. Currently, the department’s priorities are: the study of the molecular genetic basis of psoriasis, lymphoproliferative, bullous skin diseases, the study of foci of chronic infections in various dermatoses, the creation of teledermatology and teledermatohistopathology systems in medical institutions of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, pathohistology, trichology, psychodermatology, development of new external agents for the prevention and treatment of infectious skin diseases using liposomal yy technologies. It is shown that as a result of the work done, the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases of the Military medical academy. S.M. Kirov reliably secured the status of Russia’s leading scientific and methodological center for the study and treatment of skin diseases.

scholarly journals The role of scientists of the Department of Psychiatry of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy in the development of domestic narcology and pharmacological methods of treating this pathology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly G. Tchudinovskih ◽  
Yuri Y. Zvyagin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Development ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Public Views ◽  
Reflex Therapy

The study covers the history of the formation and development of narcology in the Russian Empire and the USSR. The role of the heads and psychiatrists of the Department of Psychiatry and the Clinic of Mental and Nervous Diseases of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy in the fight against alcoholism in the country and the organization of drug treatment was identified. Particular emphasis was laid on the work of Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev, a prominent Russian and Soviet psychiatrist, neuropathologist, physiologist and psychologist, the founder of reflexology and pathopsychological direction in Russia. It was V.M. Bekhterev who did everything to reverse public views on alcoholism and transfer it from the category of moral turpitude to the status of the disease; he organized the research and treatment for alcoholic patients. This paper considers the aspects of scientific development of issues related to narcology by the staff and heads of the department. The priority of domestic psychiatrists in the theoretical justification and practical application of conditioned reflex therapy for alcoholism has been shown.

scholarly journals Recognition (to the 175-th anniversary of the birth of V. V. Dokuchaev)

2021 ◽  
pp. 202-225
Author(s):  
B. F. Aparin ◽  
M. K. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Gold Medal ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
State Recognition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is dedicated to the assessment and the recognition of the merits of V.V. Dokuchaev in different periods. We have divided the stages of the evaluation into three periods, the boundaries of which are taken by the memorable dates since the birth of Dokuchaev (100, 150, 175 years). The recognition of Dokuchaev's merits in each period took different forms and depended on the subject under assessment (what was assessed) and the evaluating subject (who made an assessment). The first period is based on the perception of his contemporaries. In the history of natural science, it is hardly possible to find any other scientist, whose works so seamlessly combined theoretical research with its practical application. Dokuchaev's scientific achievements were highly appreciated in Russia and abroad (gold medal of the International Geographical Congress in Paris, special gratitude from the Imperial Free Economic Society, full Makariev Prize of the Imperial Free Economic Society, full Makariev Prize of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, Grand Prix of the World Exhibition in Paris and others). The high state recognition of Dokuchaev is evidenced by the presence of the orders of St. Stanislav and St. Anna. The second period of recognition is associated with the triumph of the scientist's ideas, which were almost completely realized in Russia: a network of research and educational institutions and experimental stations were created, large-scale soil research was carried out, a plan for the transformation of nature was implemented. During this period, events were organized that included: the installation of a monument and a memorial plaque in St. Petersburg, the establishment of a gold medal and an award named after V.V. Dokuchaev, the establishment of grants in universities, the creation of the Central Soil Museum named after V.V. Dokuchaev. The third period is rather a tribute to the scientific merits of the scientist. The highest award of the International Union of Soil Scientists is established (2002); a documentary film dedicated to the 165-th anniversary of the birth of the scientist is released; exhibitions are organized on memorable dates. As recognition of the merits in the creation of a scientific school of fundamental soil science, a scientific conference “Docuchaev conference for young scientists” is organized and held annually. 

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