scholarly journals Physiological characteristics of cognitive functions of cadets with military-training experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
M I Petrenko ◽  
K I Pavlov ◽  
A V Syrtsev ◽  
A N Archimuk ◽  
V N Mukhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Lower Quantity ◽  
False Start

Investigation of physiological mechanisms of cognitive functions and efficiency of cognitive activity is the major problem of military service psychophysiology. We have studied the effect of military-training experience on cognitive functions, heart rate variability and bioelectrical activity of sensorimotor cortex of cadets. Cadets with military-training experience from Suvorov Military (quantity of errors in Shulte’s test (0,16±0,57) in comparison with the cadets without military-training experience (0,54±1,08) (F=4,7; p=0,03). Cadets from Suvorov Military School had a higher quantity of false start (46,36±17,68) and lower quantity of retardation (86,39±17,44) on visual stimulus of test «Reaction on moving object». Cadets without military-training experience had quantity of false start - 38,04±18,95 (F=5,8; p=0,02) and quantity of retardation - 100,48±20,37 (F=15,1; p=0,001). Cadets with military-training experience solved a lower quantity of tasks in the test «Hours with rotation» (26,18±6,71) in comparison with the cadets without military-training experience (29,10±7,89; F=4,3; p=0,04). The maximum time of solving one task at cadets with military-training experience is more (38,07±10,66 sec) than at cadets without military-training experience (34,07±10,57 sec; F=4,0; p=0,05). Cadets with military-training experience had lower heart rate, the higher standard deviation of R-R-intervals and variation range, high level of relative power in the high-frequency spectral bound. They had high activity of sensorimotor cortex of right cerebral hemisphere in the tests with the switching of attention and had low activity of sensorimotor cortex of left cerebral hemisphere in the test with arithmetic tasks.

scholarly journals The effect of military-training experience on psychophysiological and cardiovascular characteristics of cognitive functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Konstantin I. Pavlov ◽  
Maxim I. Petrenko ◽  
Aleksy V. Syrtsev ◽  
Aleksy N. Archimuk ◽  
Ekaterina A. Mikheeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Distinctive Features

The aim of our research is to studying the effect of military-training experience on physical development, cognitive functions and their electrophysiological and cardiovascular characteristics. The object was cadets of the first course of the Naval institute (n = 125). All cadets have been divided into two groups: cadets of the 1st group had no of military-professional experience (n = 81), cadets of the 2nd group was graduated from Suvorov Military (Nakhimov Naval) High Schools (n = 44). We used anthropometrical measurements, physiological and psychophysiological tests, methods of electroencephalography, photoplethysmography and analysis of heart rate variability. To confirm significance of differences between groups ANOVA was used. Cadets of the investigated groups had many distinctive features in physical development, cognitive functions and their electrophysiological and cardiovascular characteristics witch demonstrated the effect of military-training experience.

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF MILITARY-OCCUPATIONAL ADAPTATION OF FIRST-YEAR CADETS OF A NAVAL INSTITUTE

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-36
Author(s):  
K. I. Pavlov ◽  
◽  
M. I. Petrenko ◽  
V. N. Mukhin ◽  
A. V. Syrtsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
First Year ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Occupational Adaptation ◽  
Mental Properties ◽  
High Level

There are no sufficient up-to-date publications on psychophysiological determinants of military-occupational adaptation and interrelations between psychological and psychophysiological characteristics of cognitive and personal spheres in first-year cadets of a naval institute. The aim of our research is to study the correlation between external criteria of military-occupation adaptation, cognitive functions and mental characteristics of cadets of the first-year of a naval institute, on the one hand, and their bioelectrical activity of the brain cortex, characteristics of the cardiovascular system, on the other hand, which can be used as predictors of military-occupational adaptation. The object were first-year cadets of the Naval institute (n = 125). We used physiological methods of investigation of mental properties of a person, motivation, emotional state, cognitive functions and intelligence, methods of electroencephalography and the analysis of heart rate variability, finger photoplethysmography. The relationship between investigated parameters were studied with the help of the correlation and multiple regression analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Strengthening of total spectral power of EEG at the rest state with closed eyes, especially of α-rhythm power, powerful vascular tone and heart rate variability correlated with high level of military-occupational adaptation. Spectral power decrease of δ-2-rhythm in left central lead, vascular tone decrease, worsening of ability to spatial figurative representations, increasing of aggression and neuroticism accompanied by the deterioration level of health of cadets and derangement of adaptable mechanisms. We have defined psychophysiological parameters which are predictors of military-occupational adaptation.

Caffeine and Placebo Expectation

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfeng Sun ◽  
Yinling Zhang ◽  
Ning He ◽  
Xufeng Liu ◽  
Danmin Miao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cardiovascular Regulation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Pressure Tests ◽  
Healthy Males

Abstract. Caffeine placebo expectation seems to improve vigilance and cognitive performance. This study investigated the effect of caffeine and placebo expectation on vigilance and cognitive performance during 28 h sleep deprivation. Ten healthy males volunteered to take part in the double-blind, cross-over study, which required participants to complete five treatment periods of 28 h separated by 1-week wash-out intervals. The treatments were no substance (Control); caffeine 200 mg at 00:00 (C200); placebo 200 mg at 00:00 (P200); twice caffeine 200 mg at 00:00 and 04:00 (C200-C200); caffeine 200 mg at 00:00 and placebo 200 mg at 04:00 (C200-P200). Participants were told that all capsules were caffeine and given information about the effects of caffeine to increase expectation. Vigilance was assessed by a three-letter cancellation test, cognitive functions by the continuous addition test and Stroop test, and cardiovascular regulation by heart rate and blood pressure. Tests were performed bihourly from 00:00 to 10:00 of the second day. Results indicated that C200-P200 and C200-C200 were more alert (p < .05) than Control and P200. Their cognitive functions were higher (p < .05) than Control and P200. Also, C200-P200 scored higher than C200 in the letter cancellation task (p < .05). No test showed any significant differences between C200-P200 and C200-C200. The results demonstrated that the combination of caffeine 200 mg and placebo 200 mg expectation exerted prolonged positive effects on vigilance and cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Lactate, Heart Rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion Responses to Shorter and Longer Duration CrossFit® Training Sessions

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramires Tibana ◽  
Nuno de Sousa ◽  
Jonato Prestes ◽  
Fabrício Voltarelli
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to analyze blood lactate concentration (LAC), heart rate (HR), and rating perceived exertion (RPE) during and after shorter and longer duration CrossFit® sessions. Nine men (27.7 ± 3.2 years; 11.3 ± 4.6% body fat percentage and training experience: 41.1 ± 19.6 months) randomly performed two CrossFit® sessions (shorter: ~4 min and longer: 17 min) with a 7-day interval between them. The response of LAC and HR were measured pre, during, immediately after, and 10, 20, and 30 min after the sessions. RPE was measured pre and immediately after sessions. Lactate levels were higher during the recovery of the shorter session as compared with the longer session (shorter: 15.9 ± 2.2 mmol/L/min, longer: 12.6 ± 2.6 mmol/L/min; p = 0.019). There were no significant differences between protocols on HR during (shorter: 176 ± 6 bpm or 91 ± 4% HRmax, longer: 174 ± 3 bpm or 90 ± 3% HRmax, p = 0.387). The LAC was significantly higher throughout the recovery period for both training sessions as compared to pre-exercise. The RPE was increased immediately after both sessions as compared to pre-exercise, while there was no significant difference between them (shorter: 8.7 ± 0.9, longer: 9.6 ± 0.5; p = 0.360). These results demonstrated that both shorter and longer sessions induced elevated cardiovascular responses which met the recommendations for gains in cardiovascular fitness. In addition, both training sessions had a high metabolic and perceptual response, which may not be suitable if performed on consecutive days.

scholarly journals Analysis of electrogenesis’ changes in mental retardation persons by using computer electroencephalography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 249-265
Author(s):  
B. Lobasyuk ◽  
L. Bartsevich ◽  
A. Zamkovaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Beta Rhythms ◽  
The Brain

Justification. Mental retardation is a persistent decrease in human cognitive activity against the background of organic damage to the central nervous system. Neurophysiological diagnostics, in particular electroencephalography (EEG), most adequately reflects the morpho-functional state of the central nervous system, which is the basis of the mechanisms of mental activity, and the originality of the bioelectrical activity of the brain can be considered as the main indicator that determines a decrease in the level of intellectual development and, thereby, characterizes this state. This provision actualizes the search for highly informative indicators of the originality of the bioelectrical activity of the brain in children with intellectual disabilities. Purspose. With the use of periodometric analysis investigate EEG’s indicators and interhemispheric asymmetry of rhythms amplitudes in MR patients. Materials and methods. The EEG was recorded in a state of calm wakefulness with closed eyes with Neuron-Spectrum-2 electroencephalograph. Differences in indicators were tracked using the calculation of the coefficient of compliance (CC), EEG functional asymmetry coefficients in amplitude were determined, too. Results. It was revealed that in MR patients the amplitudes of the rhythms were greater than in healthy subjects. The greatest increase was determined in theta rhythm in the anterior temporal and posterior temporal leads in the left hemispheres. Duration indices in the delta, theta and alpha ranges of the EEG in mental retardation compared with the control group were increased, and the indices of the duration of beta rhythms - decreased. When analyzing FMPA in MR persons it turned out that in right-handers the negativeness of FMPA indices increased, and in left-handers there was an increase in the positivity of FMPA indices. Conclusions 1. With mental retardation, the amplitudes of the rhythms were greater than in healthy people. The greatest increase was determined in theta rhythm in the anterior temporal and posterior temporal leads in the left hemispheres. 2. The indices of duration in the delta, theta and alpha ranges of the EEG of MR subjects were increased, and the indices of the duration of beta rhythms – decreased. 3. When analyzing FMPA in MR persons, it turned out that in right-handers the negativeness of FMPA indices increased, and in left-handers there was an increase in the positivity of FMPA indices.

Cardioregulatory properties of the abdominal ganglia in Limulus

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Von Burg ◽  
W. C. Corning
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Dorsal Nerves

The abdominal ganglia of the Limulus central nervous system exert a net inhibitory effect on heart rate. This influence is mediated mainly by the dorsal nerves in the first three ganglia. When the dorsal nerves are sectioned, cardioacceleration results; when these nerves are stimulated, a reduction in rate is obtained. However, cardioaccelerators can be unmasked by splitting a ganglion. This selectively removes the inhibitory output, leaving only a cardioaccelerator influence. Inhibition of bioelectrical activity in the intact abdominal ganglia with GABA also resulted in an increased heart rate, confirming their net inhibitory influence on heart function. Possible models of abdominal ganglia organization are discussed.

scholarly journals Cognitive Behavior Evaluation Based on Physiological Parameters among Young Healthy Subjects with Yoga as Intervention

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nagendra ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
S. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Yoga Group

Objective. To investigate the effect of yoga practice on cognitive skills, autonomic nervous system, and heart rate variability by analyzing physiological parameters.Methods. The study was conducted on 30 normal young healthy engineering students. They were randomly selected into two groups: yoga group and control group. The yoga group practiced yoga one and half hour per day for six days in a week, for a period of five months.Results. The yoga practising group showed increasedα,β, andδEEG band powers and significant reduction inθandγband powers. The increasedαandβpower can represent enhanced cognitive functions such as memory and concentration, and that ofδsignifies synchronization of brain activity. The heart rate indexθ/αdecreased, neural activityβ/θincreased, attention resource indexβ/(α+θ)increased, executive load index(δ+θ)/αdecreased, and the ratio(δ+θ)/(α+β)decreased. The yoga practice group showed improvement in heart rate variability, increased SDNN/RMSSD, and reduction in LF/HF ratio.Conclusion. Yoga practising group showed significant improvement in various cognitive functions, such as performance enhancement, neural activity, attention, and executive function. It also resulted in increase in the heart rate variability, parasympathetic nervous system activity, and balanced autonomic nervous system reactivity.

scholarly journals The study of the odour impact on physiological, emotional, and cognitive aspects of human health under experimental conditions (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1370-1375
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Ivanova ◽  
Svetlana A. Skovronskaya ◽  
Mihail E. Goshin ◽  
Olga V. Budarina ◽  
Aliya Z. Kulikova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Arterial Blood

The article contains a literature review devoted to research on the influence of odours on physiological, emotional, and cognitive aspects of human health. The following databases were used at literature search execution: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Global Health, Russian Research Citation Index. A total amount of 60 sources was analyzed for 1983-2019. The experimental research results aimed at studying the influence of odours on such physiological indices a: heart rate, heart rate variability, arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate, skin conductibility reaction, sleep, are described, and emotional and cognitive characteristics of the test subjects. The response to odours exposure was shown to depend on their intensity, hedonistic tone, the chemical structure of the odorant, as well as individual peculiarities of the test subjects, including their past experiences with smelling. In most cases, exposure to unpleasant odours activates the sympathetic nervous system, therefore heart rate, respiratory rate, skin blood circulation and its conductivity increase. Attention concentration increases at the deterioration of cognitive functions. Anger and repulsion reactions are noted at the emotional level; a feeling of discomfort with a motivation to escape appears. The exposure of pleasant odours leads to parasympathetic nervous system activation, heart rate, respiratory rate, skin conductibility, and blood circulation decrease. Cognitive functions improve, the quality of problem-solving increases, attention concentration decreases. A person’s mood gets better; the sensation of happiness appears. At that literature analysis has revealed most of the studies on the human to have significant restrictions: standard exposure methods absence, the difficulty of execution blind experiments that were deemed to be ignorant by test subjects as well as the influence of individual preferences and previous personal experience on the effects generated by the odour. The authors proposed recommendations on the current restrictions prevention and optimization of conducting the experimental research on the influence of odours on humans.

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