scholarly journals Reactive changes in the rat spinal cord in experimental neuropathy with and without magnetic stimulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
S A Zhivolupov ◽  
N A Rashidov ◽  
L S Onishchenko ◽  
A Yu Kravchuk ◽  
O V Kostina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Reactive Changes ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

Performing an experiment in which electronically microscopically studied the nature of reactive changes in the structural thin section of the spinal cord, as well as their dynamics during transcranial magnetic stimulation for 1 month after experimental neuromesis and after compression-ischemic neuropathy of the sciatic nerve. The reported development of compensatory-restorative processes in neurons, glial cells and the microvasculature of the lumbar spinal cord in rats that receive treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation has been established. It was shown, that in all groups of rats changes in the structures of the lumbar thickening of the rat spinal cord developed in the form of depletion of the cytoplasm, destruction of organelles, changes in the nuclei and development of apoptosis of neurons and glial cells, destruction of the membranes and axial cylinders of myelin fibers. Moreover, these changes are more pronounced in groups after experimental neuromesis. However, in groups of rats, both after compression-ischemic neuropathy and after experimental neuromesis after treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation, there were signs of the development of recovery processes in the form of intracellular repair of neurons, proliferation of oligodendrocytes, restoration of the structure of myelin fibers and capillaries, and the absence of free red blood cells in the extracellular space. The obtained morphological data confirm the effectiveness of treatment of transcranial magnetic stimulation of injuries of the peripheral nervous system in relation to neurons, glial cells, myelin and non-myelin fibers of the spinal cord.

P084 Electric field distribution in the lumbar spinal cord during trans-spinal magnetic stimulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. e48-e50 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Fernandes ◽  
R. Salvador ◽  
C. Wenger ◽  
M. de Carvalho ◽  
P.C. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Electric Field Distribution ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

Rhythmic Motor Activity in Thin Transverse Slice Preparations of the Fetal Rat Spinal Cord

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 648-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyomi Nakayama ◽  
Hiroshi Nishimaru ◽  
Norio Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Commissural Neurons ◽  
Rhythmic Motor ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Transverse Slice

Networks generating locomotor-like rhythmic motor activity are formed during the last week of the fetal period in the rat spinal cord. We investigated the coordinated rhythmic motor activity induced in transverse slice preparations of the lumbar spinal cord taken from fetal rats as early as embryonic day (E) 16.5. In slices as thin as 100 μm, bath-application of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induced rhythmic [Ca2+]i elevations in motoneurons labeled with Calcium Green-1 dextran. The rhythmic [Ca2+]i elevations were similar in frequency to that in the intact lumbar spinal cord, although there was no temporal correlation between the activity in the left and right sides of 100-μm slices. Such rhythmic [Ca2+]i elevations were observed in the slices taken from all lumbar segments. Moreover, the rhythmic activity was abolished by simultaneous blockade of glutamate, glycine, and GABAA receptors, indicating that synaptic transmission mediated by these receptors is important for the generation of the rhythm in these slices. Synchronous rhythmic activity between the left-right sides was found in slices thicker than 200 μm taken from any segmental level of the lumbar spinal cord. In these preparations, commissural neurons were activated synchronously with ipsilateral motoneurons. These results indicate that the neuronal networks sufficient to generate coordinated rhythmic activity are contained in one-half of a single lumbar segment at E16.5. Such spinal cord slices are a promising experimental model to investigate the neuronal mechanisms and the development of rhythm generation in the spinal cord.

The lumbar spinal cord glial cells actively modulate subcutaneous formalin induced hyperalgesia in the rat

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Qin ◽  
Jing-Jie Wang ◽  
Rong Cao ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Li Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

scholarly journals Corticospinal-motor neuronal plasticity promotes exercise-mediated recovery in humans with spinal cord injury

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 1368-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Jin Jo ◽  
Monica A Perez
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Rehabilitative exercise in humans with spinal cord injury aims to engage residual neural networks to improve functional recovery. We hypothesized that exercise combined with non-invasive stimulation targeting spinal synapses further promotes functional recovery. Twenty-five individuals with chronic incomplete cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal cord injury were randomly assigned to 10 sessions of exercise combined with paired corticospinal-motor neuronal stimulation (PCMS) or sham-PCMS. In an additional experiment, we tested the effect of PCMS without exercise in 13 individuals with spinal cord injury with similar characteristics. During PCMS, 180 pairs of stimuli were timed to have corticospinal volleys evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex arrive at corticospinal-motor neuronal synapses of upper- or lower-limb muscles (depending on the injury level), 1–2 ms before antidromic potentials were elicited in motor neurons by electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve. Participants exercised for 45 min after all protocols. We found that the time to complete subcomponents of the Graded and Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility and Prehension (GRASSP) and the 10-m walk test decreased on average by 20% after all protocols. However, the amplitude of corticospinal responses elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation and the magnitude of maximal voluntary contractions in targeted muscles increased on overage by 40–50% after PCMS combined or not with exercise but not after sham-PCMS combined with exercise. Notably, behavioural and physiological effects were preserved 6 months after the intervention in the group receiving exercise with PCMS but not in the group receiving exercise combined with sham-PCMS, suggesting that the stimulation contributed to preserve exercise gains. Our findings indicate that targeted non-invasive stimulation of spinal synapses might represent an effective strategy to facilitate exercise-mediated recovery in humans with different degrees of paralysis and levels of spinal cord injury.

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