scholarly journals Community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia: semiotics of lung damage, microbiological spectrum and sensitivity of pathogens to antibiotics.

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
R E Lakhin ◽  
E A Zhirnova ◽  
I N Grachev
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Nosocomial Pneumonia ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
Medical Academy

The localization of pneumonia, the microbiological spectrum and the sensitivity of pathogens to antibiotics in community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia has been studied. The material for the study served as medical records of patients who were treated in clinics of the S.M.Kirov Military Medical Academy in the period from 2010 to 2017. The data obtained showed that pneumonia is more often localized in the lower lobes of the lungs. The main causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae, nosocomial pneumonia is Klebsiella pneumoniae. Revealed high antibiotic resistance to pathogens of pneumonia. The causative agent of Klebsiella pneumoniae was resistant to the entire spectrum of antimicrobial agents studied, maintaining sensitivity in some cases only to colistin. Bacteriological analysis of pneumonia pathogens is necessary for subsequent timely targeted antibiotic therapy. Therefore, for effective treatment of pneumonia, it is important to continuously monitor pathogens and their sensitivity to antibiotics.

Antibiotic resistance of strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia in the republic of North Ossetia-Alania

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (30) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Гатагонова ◽  
Tamara Gatagonova ◽  
Цаллагова ◽  
Olga Tsallagova ◽  
Болиева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
North Ossetia

An increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria, in particular, Streptococcus pneumoniae, has been registered recently in most developed countries. This necessitates the study of regional characteristics of etiological structure of causative bacterial agents of community-acquired pneumonia and their sensitivity to antibiotics. The aim of the study was to study the spectrum of bacterial pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia and the sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae to antimicrobial agents in hospitalized patients in the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania. Bacteriological examination of sputum with definition of sensitivity of isolated strains of bacteria to antibiotics was performed in 270 patients with community-acquired pneumonia. According to our data, the main causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is Streptococcus pneumoniae. III generation cephalosporins, respiratory fluoroquinolones, macrolides, showed high activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients. Low activity of natural and semi-synthetic penicillins was shown. The obtained results allow optimizing of antimicrobial therapy of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

scholarly journals Fatal severe community-acquired pneumonia: risk factors, clinical characteristics and medical errors of hospital patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Postnikova ◽  
P. F. Klimkin ◽  
M. V. Boldina ◽  
A. L. Gudim ◽  
N. I. Kubysheva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Errors ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Late Treatment ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most common disease and potentially life-threatening infection in the worldwide. In the Nizhny Novgorod region, no analysis of the causes of mortality and medical errors of severe CAP patients. Aim. To analyze the patients structure who died severe CAP in hospitals of the Nizhny Novgorod region, to identify the leading risk factors, to assess the clinical characteristics of fatal severe CAP and medical errors according to medical records of patients from 20152016. Materials and methods. This was a retrospective study of medical records of 139 patients with fatal severe CAP from medical organizations of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The 72 patients died in 2015. The mortality rate from pneumonia was 67 cases in 2016. Results. The key predictors of the fatal severe CAP in patients of the Nizhny Novgorod region identified: socio-demographic status (men of working age, unemployed, smoking, alcohol and drug dependence), late treatment and hospitalization, tachypnea, hypotension, tachycardia, confusion, leukocytosis or leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, hyperglycemia, bilateral lung damage, pleural effusion, acute respiratory failure. The leading medical errors in fatal CAP were incorrect assessment of the severity of the patients condition, untimely CAP, non-monitoring of SpO2 on the first day of hospitalization, late transfer of patients to the intensive care unit, there was no influenza therapy, inadequate starting antibacterial therapy. Conclusion. The main ways to avoid or minimize medical errors and reduce the mortality of patients with TVP is strict adherence to clinical recommendations, active preventive measures, diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Genotypes of Esbl Producing Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae in Relation to Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs

PRILOZI ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Ana Kaftandzieva ◽  
Elena Trajkovska-Dokic ◽  
Vesna Kotevska ◽  
Zaklina Cekovska ◽  
Gordana Jankoska
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of drug resistance with β-lactamase gene types in ESBL positive E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae-Kp. Material and methods: A total of 251 ESBL-positive E. coli and Kp isolates obtained from urine, tracheal aspirate, wound swab and blood from patients hospitalised at the University Clinics in Skopje were detected using the ESBL set and automated Vitek 2 system. Vitek was also used for susceptibility testing (determination of MIC of 17 antimicrobial agents). Multiplex PCR was used to identify genes for different types of ESBLs in a 100 randomly selected, ESBL positive strains. Results: More of the 87 ESBL typeable isolates (61%) harbour two or more bla genes and the frequency of antibiotic resistance was high in these isolates, compared to those with a single gene. Isolates with ≥ 3 genes were highly resistant to beta-lactams and non-beta lactams used. The degree of resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins was also high in these isolates (MIC ≥ 64). More of the ESBL-positive isolates showed higher resistance to cefotaxime than to ceftazidime. Conclusion: Identification of the genes is necessary for the surveillance of their transmission in hospitals. Surveillance of antibiotic resistance patterns are crucial to overcome the problems associated with ESBLs.

scholarly journals Awareness on antibiotic usage among undergraduate medical students in a teaching hospital, Guntur

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1011
Author(s):  
Bheemesh Naidu Mattam ◽  
D. L. N. Prathyusha ◽  
Santhi S. Yedurupaka ◽  
Sai V. Yerram
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Of Choice

Background: Antibiotics are the mainstay treatment of most of the infectious diseases. Inappropriate and irrational use of antimicrobial agents has led to increase in the development of antimicrobial resistance. Medical students are a part of health care system and they must be aware of increasing antibiotic resistance as they are the future prescribers. The objectives of the study were to assess the awareness on antibiotic usage and its resistance among medical students and to study the perception on antibiotic medication among medical students.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, semi-structured questionnaire-based study. Questionnaire consists of 4 parts- socio-demographic details, awareness on antibiotics and its resistance, knowledge on specific treatment of a disease, perception levels. Prior IEC approval was taken. The obtained data was statistically analyzed using Microsoft excel sheet.Results: Among 230 participants, majority of the students have awareness on general antibiotic usage and 97.8% were having knowledge about antibiotic resistance. The main source of information on antibiotic resistance is identified as classroom teaching (67.8%). 46.9% and 25.2% students correctly identified the drug of choice for treating enteric fever and community acquired pneumonia respectively.Conclusions: Degrees of awareness on antibiotics and its resistance is found to be good. Antibiotic usage pattern is not on par with knowledge. Knowledge on specific treatment of infectious disease is found to be less. So, antibiotic teaching should be integrated with clinical subjects.

scholarly journals COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN HIV-INFECTED SUBJECTS: MICROFLORA, ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE: DEPENDENCE ON THE LEVELS OF CD4 LYMPHOCYTES

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-466
Author(s):  
D. N. Akusheva ◽  
О. Е. Khokhlova ◽  
V. V. Kamshilova ◽  
A. I. Motova ◽  
О. V. Peryanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Severe Immunodeficiency

Purulent inflammatory diseases of various types and etiology comprise major causes of death among the HIV-infected individuals. The purpose of this work was to determine a variety of communityacquired pathogens causing pneumonia, their antibiotic resistance profiles, and dependence on the CD4 lymphocyte levels, as well as identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus species and their molecular genetic characteristics in HIV-infected patients from the Krasnoyarsk City. Over the period of 2012 to 2016, we have examined 152 HIV-infected patients at the Clinical Pulmonology Department with a verified diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Sputum specimens, bronchoalveolar lavage, pleural fluid, washings, pleural pus, as well as nasal and pharyngeal smears were studied for microflora, and blood tests for sterility were performed in these patients, by means of bacteriological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the disc diffusion method; drug sensitivity of staphylococci was performed by screening, PCR technique, serial dilution in semi-solid medium, according to the CLSI and EUCAST recommendations. PCR, M-PCR, and gene sequencing were applied for genotyping and determination of their genetic features. The results were processed with WHONET digital program (WHO). The significance level was p < 0.05. During the entire study period, the yeast-like fungi of Candida genus (30.4 and 35.6%) were consistently isolated from HIV-infected patients. These microorganisms were isolated in a pure cultures at etiologically significant amounts from one-third of the HIV-infected cohort. At the same time, they formed active associations, mostly with Enterobacteriaceae family members. At the same time, Candida fungi were most frequently detected in the lower respiratory tract of those HIV-infected persons who showed severe immunodeficiency (CD4 cell levels < 200 cells/µl). We have also isolated non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (12.9%), staphylococci (8.9%), and Enterobacteriaceae (4.4%). The microorganisms were characterized by polyresistance to antimicrobial agents. The MRSA clone circulating in the HIV-infected cohort was characterized as ST239/spa3(t037) /agr1/SCCmecIII.1.1.2 (IIIA)/coaIV/tst+ with high virulence and multiresistance levels. Hence, we have found a number of poly-resistant microorganisms playing a role for development of community-acquired pneumonia in HIV-infected patients, i.e., Candida spp, Gram-negative microorganisms, MRSA, often presenting a component of microbial associations. Candida fungi were detected most often in the HIV-infected individuals with severe immunodeficiency, at the CD4 level of < 200 cells/µl. High detection frequency of such microflora requires some modifications of antimicrobial therapy in HIV-infected subjects affected by the community-acquired pneumonia.

scholarly journals Genotyping and Virulence Analysis of Drug Resistant Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1967-1975
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Abdelhamid ◽  
Hala Mohamed Abd-Elaal ◽  
Moustafa Osama Matareed ◽  
Kholoud Baraka
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Horizontal Spread

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a highly drug-resistant human pathogen responsible for a variety of serious infections. Integrons, mobile genetic elements capable of integrating antibiotic resistance genes, and the capsule are important virulence factors that increase bacteria resistance to phagocytosis and antimicrobial agents. Molecular typing is an effective tool for identifying the likely etiology of infection. This study aimed to investigate the presence of the rmpA, wcaG, intI1, intI2, and intI3 virulence genes in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, and explore their molecular genotypes by using ERIC-PCR. Fifty Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were isolated from various specimens. Antimicrobial resistance was evaluated by using the disc diffusion method. Five genes were amplified by conventional PCR. Genotyping was performed molecularly by using ERIC-PCR. Forty-seven isolates were multi-drug resistant. In all, 18%, 36%, and 98% of the 50 K. pneumoniae isolates were positive for rmpA, wcaG, and intI1 genes, respectively; however, all isolates were negative for intI2 and intI3 genes. Dendogram analysis of the ERIC-PCR results showed 49 distinct patterns, arranged in five clusters. Our study demonstrates high levels of antibiotic resistance and virulence among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae. Such resistance reflects a growing problem for public health. Further, the presence of integrons increases the horizontal spread of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes among bacterial isolates. The ERIC-PCR technique is an effective method for molecular typing and epidemiological studies of hospital-acquired infections.

The Chemistry Of Antibiofilm Phytocompounds.

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dibyajit Lahiri ◽  
Moupriya Nag ◽  
Sayantani Garai ◽  
Rina Rani Ray
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Uses

: Phytocompounds are long known for their therapeutic uses due to their competence as antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial activity of these bioactive compounds manifests their ability as an antibiofilm agent and is thereby proved to be competent to treat the wide spread of biofilm-associated chronic infections. Rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria has made the treatment of these infections almost impossible by conventional antibiotic therapy, which forced in the switch over to the use of phytocompounds. The present overview deals with the classification of the huge array of phytocompounds according to their chemical nature, detection of their target pathogen, and elucidation of their mode of action.

scholarly journals Development of an Immunochromatographic Strip Using Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles for the Rapid Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae Causing Neonatal Sepsis

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141
Author(s):  
Noha M. Elhosseiny ◽  
Tamer M. Samir ◽  
Aliaa A. Ali ◽  
Amani A. El-Kholy ◽  
Ahmed S. Attia
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Immunochromatographic Strip ◽  
Amino Acid Peptide ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of death among newborns and infants, especially in the developing world. The problem is compounded by the delays in pinpointing the causative agent of the infection. This is reflected in increasing mortality associated with these cases and the spread of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. In this work, we deployed bioinformatics and proteomics analyses to determine a promising target that could be used for the identification of a major neonatal sepsis causative agent, Klebsiella pneumoniae. A 19 amino acid peptide from a hypothetical outer membrane was found to be very specific to the species, well conserved among its strains, surface exposed, and expressed in conditions simulating infection. Antibodies against the selected peptide were conjugated to gold nanoparticles and incorporated into an immunochromatographic strip. The developed strip was able to detect as low as 105 CFU/mL of K. pneumoniae. Regarding specificity, it showed negative results with both Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae. More importantly, in a pilot study using neonatal sepsis cases blood specimens, the developed strip selectively gave positive results within 20 min with those infected with K. pneumoniae without prior sample processing. However, it gave negative results in cases infected with other bacterial species.

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