Antibiotic resistance of strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia in the republic of North Ossetia-Alania

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (30) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Гатагонова ◽  
Tamara Gatagonova ◽  
Цаллагова ◽  
Olga Tsallagova ◽  
Болиева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
North Ossetia

An increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria, in particular, Streptococcus pneumoniae, has been registered recently in most developed countries. This necessitates the study of regional characteristics of etiological structure of causative bacterial agents of community-acquired pneumonia and their sensitivity to antibiotics. The aim of the study was to study the spectrum of bacterial pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia and the sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae to antimicrobial agents in hospitalized patients in the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania. Bacteriological examination of sputum with definition of sensitivity of isolated strains of bacteria to antibiotics was performed in 270 patients with community-acquired pneumonia. According to our data, the main causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is Streptococcus pneumoniae. III generation cephalosporins, respiratory fluoroquinolones, macrolides, showed high activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients. Low activity of natural and semi-synthetic penicillins was shown. The obtained results allow optimizing of antimicrobial therapy of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

scholarly journals The Role of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 455-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Feldman ◽  
Ronald Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWith the notable exceptions of the United States and Canada in particular, the global burden of disease in adults due to invasive infection with the dangerous respiratory, bacterial pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) remains. This situation prevails despite the major successes of inclusion of polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in many national childhood immunization programs and associated herd protection in adults, as well as the availability of effective antimicrobial agents. Accurate assessment of the geographic variations in the prevalence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has, however, been somewhat impeded by the limitations imposed on the acquisition of reliable epidemiological data due to reliance on often insensitive, laboratory-based, pathogen identification procedures. This, in turn, may result in underestimation of the true burden of IPD and represents a primary focus of this review. Other priority topics include the role of PCVs in the changing epidemiology of IPD in adults worldwide, smoking as a risk factor not only in respect of increasing susceptibility for development of IPD, but also in promoting pneumococcal antibiotic resistance. The theme of pneumococcal antibiotic resistance has been expanded to include mechanisms of resistance to commonly used classes of antibiotics, specifically β-lactams, macrolides and fluoroquinolones, and, perhaps somewhat contentiously, the impact of resistance on treatment outcome. Finally, but no less importantly, the role of persistent antigenemia as a driver of a chronic, subclinical, systemic proinflammatory/procoagulant phenotype that may underpin the long-term sequelae and premature mortality of those adults who have recovered from an episode of IPD, is considered.

MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY PECULIARITIES IN FORMING OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF STRAINS, ISOLATED IN ELDERLY PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 471-478
Author(s):  
А. В. Мартынова ◽  
О. С. Павлова ◽  
О. А. Чулакова
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Tract Infections

Несмотря на достигнутые успехи в диагностике и лечении инфекций респираторного тракта, заболеваемость бактериальными инфекциями лиц пожилого возраста до сих пор представляет собой значимую проблему современной медицины. При этом микробиологическая характеристика этиологического спектра возбудителей, идентифицируемых при внебольничной пневмонии у лиц пожилого возраста в последнее время, позволяет считать ведущим этиологическим агентом Streptococcus pneumoniae . Устойчивость штаммов S. pneumoniae к антибактериальным химиопрепаратам является актуальной проблемой при лечении всех форм пневмококковых инфекций, а также одним из факторов, определяющих эпидемиологическую значимость последних, обусловленную риском формирования эпидемического варианта. Цель исследования - оценка особенностей формирования антибиотикоустойчивости у штаммов S. pneumoniae , выделенных у пациентов пожилого возраста с диагнозом внебольничной пневмонии и хронического бронхита. В исследовании применяли диско-диффузионный метод и метод серийных разведений. Был проведен молекулярногенетический мониторинг выделенных штаммов к основным генетическим детерминантам антибиотикорезистентности. Из представленных данных следует, что как в группе штаммов, вызвавших внебольничную пневмонию, так и в группе штаммов, вызвавших неинвазивные формы инфекции (бронхит), полирезистентность определяется сходными процессами формирования устойчивости к препаратам ряда макролидов. В целом полученные данные позволяют предположить, что в популяции штаммов S. pneumoniae , вызывающих инвазивные и неинвазивные формы инфекционного процесса, развиваются процессы формирования устойчивости к препаратам ряда макролидов. Despite of advances in diagnostics and treatment of respiratory tract infections, respiratory tract bacterial infections morbidity is still remaining the significant problem of modern medicine. Moreover, microbiological diagnostics of etiology identified in community-acquired aged patients pathogens spectrum allows to consider the main causative agent Streptococcus pneumoniae . Antimicrobial agents resistance of this pathogen is the actual problem in treatment of all forms of pneumococcal infections and is still one of the factor defining the epidemiology significance of pneumococcal infection as the source of forming of epidemiological clone. Aim of our study was to estimate the peculiarities of antimicrobial agents resistance of S . pneumoniae strains, isolated in aged patients with diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia and bronchitis. There were used such methods as disco-diffusion method, method of minimum inhibitory concentration, strains were isolated from patients with community-acquired pneumonia, bronchitis, and carriers, then there were conducted molecular epidemiology monitoring of the isolated strains to the main antimicrobial agents resistance determinants. There were revealed that in all groups multidrugresistance had been caused with the similar process of forming to macrolides. In colculsion, the gained results allows to consider that in population causing invasive and non-invasive forms there are the same processes of antimicrobial agents resistance to macrolides.

scholarly journals Serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia in Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 205031211772005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Di Pasquale ◽  
Stefano Aliberti ◽  
Chara Azzari ◽  
Maria Moriondo ◽  
Francesco Nieddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospitalized Patients

scholarly journals A comparison of mental health legislation in five developed countries: a narrative review

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Cronin ◽  
P. Gouda ◽  
C. McDonald ◽  
B. Hallahan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Mental Health Legislation ◽  
Patient Consent ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Legislation

ObjectivesTo describe similarities and differences in mental health legislation between five jurisdictions: the Republic of Ireland, England and Wales, Scotland, Ontario (Canada), and Victoria (Australia).MethodsAn in-depth examination was undertaken focussing on the process of involuntary admission, review of Admission Orders and the legal processes in relation to treatment in the absence of patient consent in each of the five jurisdictions of interest.ResultsAll jurisdictions permit the detention of a patient if they have a mental disorder although the definition of mental disorder varies between jurisdictions. Several additional differences exist between the five jurisdictions, including the duration of admission prior to independent review of involuntary detention and the role of supported decision making.ConclusionsAcross the five jurisdictions examined, largely similar procedures for admission, detention and treatment of involuntary patients are employed, reflecting adherence with international standards and incorporation of human rights-based principles. Differences exist in relation to the criteria to define mental disorder, the occurrence of automatic review hearings in a timely fashion after a patient is involuntarily admitted and the role for supported decision making under mental health legislation.

scholarly journals Community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia: semiotics of lung damage, microbiological spectrum and sensitivity of pathogens to antibiotics.

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
R E Lakhin ◽  
E A Zhirnova ◽  
I N Grachev
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Nosocomial Pneumonia ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
Medical Academy

The localization of pneumonia, the microbiological spectrum and the sensitivity of pathogens to antibiotics in community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia has been studied. The material for the study served as medical records of patients who were treated in clinics of the S.M.Kirov Military Medical Academy in the period from 2010 to 2017. The data obtained showed that pneumonia is more often localized in the lower lobes of the lungs. The main causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae, nosocomial pneumonia is Klebsiella pneumoniae. Revealed high antibiotic resistance to pathogens of pneumonia. The causative agent of Klebsiella pneumoniae was resistant to the entire spectrum of antimicrobial agents studied, maintaining sensitivity in some cases only to colistin. Bacteriological analysis of pneumonia pathogens is necessary for subsequent timely targeted antibiotic therapy. Therefore, for effective treatment of pneumonia, it is important to continuously monitor pathogens and their sensitivity to antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Beasat Hospital in Sanandaj, West of Iran

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Nasrin Bahmani ◽  
Noshin Abdolmaleki ◽  
Afshin Bahmani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli

Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequent infectious diseases which is caused by Gram-negative bacteria especially Escherichia coli. Multiple resistance to antimicrobial agents are increasing quickly in E. coli isolates and may complicate therapeutic strategies for UTI. The propose of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns and the multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenotypes in uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Materials and Methods: A total of 153 UPEC isolates were collected from both hospitalized patients (95 isolates) and outpatients (58 isolates) from March to October 2018. In order to determine the MDR among UPEC isolates, we have tested 15 antimicrobial agents on Muller Hinton agar by the disk diffusion method. Results: The percentage of MDR isolates (resistant to at least three drug classes such as fluoroquinolones, penicillins and cephalosporins) was 55.5% in the hospitalized patients and the outpatients. Antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, ceftazidime, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole was higher than 60%. Meropenem, Imipenem and norfloxacin indicated markedly greater activity (93.3%, 80% and 85.6%, respectively) than other antimicrobial agents. Conclusions: Urinary tract infection due to MDR E. coli may be difficult to treat empirically due to high resistance to commonly used antibiotics, so, empirical antibiotic treatment should be reviewed periodically at local studies.

scholarly journals Awareness on antibiotic usage among undergraduate medical students in a teaching hospital, Guntur

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1011
Author(s):  
Bheemesh Naidu Mattam ◽  
D. L. N. Prathyusha ◽  
Santhi S. Yedurupaka ◽  
Sai V. Yerram
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Of Choice

Background: Antibiotics are the mainstay treatment of most of the infectious diseases. Inappropriate and irrational use of antimicrobial agents has led to increase in the development of antimicrobial resistance. Medical students are a part of health care system and they must be aware of increasing antibiotic resistance as they are the future prescribers. The objectives of the study were to assess the awareness on antibiotic usage and its resistance among medical students and to study the perception on antibiotic medication among medical students.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, semi-structured questionnaire-based study. Questionnaire consists of 4 parts- socio-demographic details, awareness on antibiotics and its resistance, knowledge on specific treatment of a disease, perception levels. Prior IEC approval was taken. The obtained data was statistically analyzed using Microsoft excel sheet.Results: Among 230 participants, majority of the students have awareness on general antibiotic usage and 97.8% were having knowledge about antibiotic resistance. The main source of information on antibiotic resistance is identified as classroom teaching (67.8%). 46.9% and 25.2% students correctly identified the drug of choice for treating enteric fever and community acquired pneumonia respectively.Conclusions: Degrees of awareness on antibiotics and its resistance is found to be good. Antibiotic usage pattern is not on par with knowledge. Knowledge on specific treatment of infectious disease is found to be less. So, antibiotic teaching should be integrated with clinical subjects.

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