scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ASH CONTENT IN COMPOSITE BIOMASS FUELS

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Edgars Čubars ◽  
Liena Poiša
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Composite Fuel ◽  
High Level

The study reveals research of ash content in different composite biomass fuels. It contains analysis of samples obtained from various local Latvian biomass types, i.e. reed, wood, hemp, flax shives and peat, by combining them in different proportions. Ash is a by-product derived from combustion process consisting mostly of inorganic substances that are left after a fuel is burnt. High level of ash content in a fuel is undesirable because it causes problems in automation of biomass combustion process. Previous studies carried out by the author show that average ash content in reeds is 2%, which is a high index comparing with wood where ash content is approximately 0,5-1%. Thus, the high ash content in reeds my cause problems in reed combustion in solid fuel boilers. Besides, it is not possible to ensure permanent reed collection that would ensure continuous reed fuel generating process all year long. In order to reduce the ash content to the optimal level and to diversify raw materials necessary for biomass fuel generating process, the author suggests using composite fuels by combining different biomass types. The study contains optimal combining proportions of different biomass types for composite fuel production basing on the ash content in them.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE BIOMASS FUELS PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Edgars Cubars ◽  
Liena Poiša
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Composite Fuel

There is a growing interest about the possibility of exploiting the local biomass as an energy source. The main resource for biofuel production in Latvia is wood. Water plants, like common reed, growing in nearly all of the water reservoirs in Latvia, and all cultivate plants and residues of cereal crops, also can be good alternative for solid bio fuels production. The aim of this paper is to analyze possibilities to make composite fuels from these recourses. The study reveals research of ash content and highest burning heat value in different composite biomass fuels. It contains analysis of samples obtained from various local Latvian biomass types, i.e. reed, wood, flax spray, hay, hemp and peat, by combining them in different proportions. The study contains optimal combining proportions of different biomass types for composite fuel production basing on the ash content and burning heat in them. The results of the study show that the value of wood highest burning heat is higher than another biomass types like reed, peat, hay, hemp and flax spray. It means that combining of different biomass types with wood, will reduce the calorific value of composite biomass. Also, wood is a fuel with a low ash content, and admixture of various biomass types available in Latvia, as well as admixture of coal dust to the wood in composite duels, increases ash content in the respective fuels. In order to increase the burning heat and decrease ash content value to the optimal level and to diversify raw materials necessary for biomass fuel generating process, the authors analyze possibilities of using composite fuels by combining wood and coal dust.

scholarly journals The Influence of Cement Substitution by Biomass Fly Ash on the Polymer–Cement Composites Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3079
Author(s):  
Beata Jaworska ◽  
Dominika Stańczak ◽  
Joanna Tarańska ◽  
Jerzy Jaworski
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Biomass Fly Ash

The generation of energy for the needs of the population is currently a problem. In consideration of that, the biomass combustion process has started to be implemented as a new source of energy. The dynamic increase in the use of biomass for energy generation also resulted in the formation of waste in the form of fly ash. This paper presents an efficient way to manage this troublesome material in the polymer–cement composites (PCC), which have investigated to a lesser extent. The research outlined in this article consists of the characterization of biomass fly ash (BFA) as well as PCC containing this waste. The characteristics of PCC with BFA after 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of curing were analyzed. Our main findings are that biomass fly ash is suitable as a mineral additive in polymer–cement composites. The most interesting result is that the addition of biomass fly ash did not affect the rheological properties of the polymer–cement mortars, but it especially influenced its compressive strength. Most importantly, our findings can help prevent this byproduct from being placed in landfills, prevent the mining of new raw materials, and promote the manufacture of durable building materials.

scholarly journals Effect of Harvest Season on the Fuel Properties of Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby Biomass as Solid Biofuel

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Bilandžija ◽  
Tajana Krička ◽  
Ana Matin ◽  
Josip Leto ◽  
Mateja Grubor
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Combustion Processes

Biomass obtained from cultivated energy crops is one of the raw materials with the highest potential in renewable energy production. Although such biomass can be used in production of lignocellulose bioethanol, it is currently mostly used as solid fuel for generating heat and/or electric energy via combustion processes. Calorific values, proximate and ultimate analysis, cell structure and micro- and macro-elements data are considered as basic parameters in the valorization of fuel properties during biomass combustion processes. Energy crops are cultivated with the aim to produce the largest possible quantity of biomass with minimal agro-technical inputs. One of these crops is Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby. Given the fact that the chemical composition of biomass is influenced by a number of agro-ecological and agro-technical factors, the aim of this work was to determine the fuel properties of Sida hermaphrodita biomass obtained from three different harvest seasons (autumn, winter and spring) and cultivated in the area of the Republic of Croatia. On the basis of these investigations it was possible to conclude that harvest delaying towards spring season had a positive impact on suitability of using biomass of Sida hermaphrodita in the combustion process, which primarily means significant lowering the contents of moisture (18.64%), ash (1.94%), and nitrogen (0.65%), but also means increasing the contents of fixed carbon (6.21%) and lignin (25.45%).

scholarly journals Prospects for the use of a microwave electromagnetic field for the creation of an ecological technology for the production of firing materials and the development of microwave energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 01071
Author(s):  
Irina Zhenzhurist
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Microwave Beam ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
High Level

The article considers the causes of environmental problems in the energy sector. The increased demand for energy resources and the increasing shortage of natural fuels are leading to the search for renewable energy sources. The prospects of energy transmission by microwave radiation without wires as an alternative to traditional energy sources are considered. The article provides information on the results of research on obtaining a high level of energy transfer by a microwave beam from a geostationary orbit to the earth's surface in the near future, as well as developments in the field of creating a solar space power plant (SSP). The results of research on the sintering of inorganic substances in an electromagnetic field are presented, the prospects for this direction in materials science are considered. The results of sintering natural raw materials in a microwave field are considered. The formation of nanoscale phases in sintered compositions has been established. The effect of a low-melting mineralizing additive on the sintering process is shown. The increased strength characteristics of the samples obtained by high-speed firing in the microwave electromagnetic field, the prospects for developments in this direction for various types of materials are noted.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Perspective Extragation Methods for Receiving Extractions from Fenugreek Seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Belokurov ◽  
E. V. Flisyuk ◽  
I. A. Narkevich ◽  
V. G. Luzhanin ◽  
S. V. Shilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Base System ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Co2 ◽  
High Level

Introduction. Today, innovative technologies are widely used in pharmacology (in particular, in the production of herbal preparations), in cosmetology (obtaining various extracts and oils, complex preparations), as well as in the food industry (as natural dyes, etc.). Plant extracts with a high level of risk do not have a harmful effect on the human body, except that they provide environmental safety, which creates a special interest for the pharmaceutical industry . vibrocavitation and supercritical fluid CO2 extraction.Aim. The choice of the optimal level of extraction to obtain a high level of fenugreek seeds.Materials and methods. Obtaining a vibrocavitation extract with an experimental vibration-explosive installation made at the Department of Processes and Apparatus of the St. Petersburg State Technology Institute. Extracts at a temperature of 60±2 ºС. The frequency of revolutions of the homogenizer ranged from 1000 to 5000 rpm. Ultrasonic impact using ultrasound unit I100-6/4 Ultrasonic effect on solid plant material with an intensity of 22 kHz for 60 minutes. The time of extraction in a vibro-cavitation extractor-homogenizer was studied for optimal values.Supercritical fluid CO2-extraction is obtained in two versions with the use of extragent (96% ethanol in the presence of carbon dioxide: ethanol 9:1) and without it. Extraction of the sound of a supercritical fluid extraction system with a 1-liter vessel. SFE1000-2-BASE with a kit for upgrading the SFE1000-2-BASE system to an SFE1000M1-2-FMC50 system (Waters, USA). The flow rate of the extractant was 60 g/min. Emergency listening for one hour and pressure 200, 300 and 400 bar. Extraction is observed three times. The obtained extracts indicate the amount of extractive substances according to article of Russian state pharmacopoeia 1.5.3.0006.15 «Determination of the content of extractive substances in plant raw materials and medicinal plant preparations». Quantitative determination of the saponin complex of parasitic seed seeds on an Agilent QTOF-6530 chromatograph with two ESI and APCI ionization sources according to Gravel et al.Results and discussion. Studies have allowed to determine the amount of extractives in the seeds and choose the most promising method. Conclusion. As a result of our research, it was found that the most promising extraction method for extracting seeds is a parasitic with vibration extraction at frequent revolutions of the homogenizer of 5000 rpm and an extraction time of 60 minutes.

scholarly journals Synthetic and coal-water fuels improving is the instrument of industrial region sustainability increasing

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 11002
Author(s):  
Ivan Dobrovolsky ◽  
Dmitry Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Schematic Diagram ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Calorie Content ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
The One ◽  
High Calorie

New methods of processing bituminous and brown coal in synthetic and coal-water fuel production are now gaining relevance. On the one hand, this is dictated by the pragmatic need to reduce the dependence of industrial energy consumers on the prices and quality of hydrocarbon raw materials, especially in the context of the constant exacerbation of market restrictions associated with the pandemic and sanctions, on the other hand, there is an urgent need for environmentally friendly methods of using synthetic and coal-water fuels. The article discusses the currently used technologies for the production of synthetic and coal-water fuels. The authors identify its main disadvantages and limitations and propose a schematic diagram of a technological line for coal-water fuel production with a linear layout. It allows obtaining fuel with good fluidity and higher stability, high-calorie content, and low ash content with less energy consumption.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE CORROSION OCCURRENCE DURING BIOMASS COMBUSTION PROCESS

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1555-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionel Pisa ◽  
Gheorghe Lazaroiu ◽  
Corina Radulescu ◽  
Lucian Mihaescu
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Biomass Combustion

ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF COMPOSITE FUEL PRODUCTION FROM THE PEAT AND BIOMASS

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-220
Author(s):  
Aleh I. Rodzkin ◽  
Evgenija V. Chernenok ◽  
Vasilij M. Sivko ◽  
Viatcheslav A. Rakovitch
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Prime Cost ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Composite Fuel ◽  
Feedstock Production

The goal of investigation was assessment of environmental impact and economic efficiency of composite briquette production on the base of peat and renewable biomass. Biomass for composite briquettes was obtained from straw (cereal crops and rape) and wood residues (sawdust, chips) Experimental composite briquette were produced from the mixture of peat and biomass in relation to – 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75 : 25. The technological cards of biomass feedstock production for 6 variants were developed. Technological cards were used for calculation of emission into the atmosphere during life cycle of biomass production and prime cost of biomass. The lowest volume of gas (SO2, NOx, CO2) and particulate matter (PM) emission was installed for biomass production from the sawdust. The highest volume of emission was installed for production of biomass from the straw with pressing it in standard bale. The volume of CO2 emission for the sawdust production was 6 kg per ton of biomass and for the standard bale of straw was 19 kg per ton of biomass. Prime cost of sawdust production (lowest) was 11 belarusian rubles per ton of biomass, for the wood chips was 19 rubles per ton and for the straw varied from 26 to 33 rubles per ton in depend of technology. It was installed that growth of biomass rate in composite briquette had a good influence on number of basic fuel characteristics (contents of ash, sulfur and moisture). The variation of calorific value of briquette was not significant in depend of biomass contents. In accordance with assessment of all characteristics the better briquettes was obtained from the peat and sawdust.

The Effect of Dolomite Addictive Ratio on Torrified Cassava Rhizome in the Biomass Combustion Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 407 ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Nat Thuchayapong ◽  
Nattawut Tharawadee
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
Bomb Calorimeter ◽  
Useful Heat ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Research Studies

This research studies on the effect of additive (Dolomite) on Biomass powder (Cassava rhizome) which passes Torrefied process and fixed bed at 250 degrees Celsius for one hour and a half. The gasifier with up-draft type was used in this experiment. Air pressure was fixed at 0.1 Bar. The useful heat (Quseful) and Low heating valves (LHV) was investigated by using an Automatic Bomb Calorimeter. Moreover, the dolomite was varied 0, 10 and 15% by weight mixed with Cassava rhizome achieved with Torrefied process. When Low heating valves (LHV) slightly decreases from 21.96±0.22 MJ/kg to 18.15±0.50 MJ/kg, Quseful heat from the burning from gasifier sharply increase when it is mixed with dolomite from 753.34±39.18 to 1,003.97±33.49KJ respectively. The loading of dolomite has significance affecting the useful heat. The present study reveals that low heating valves (LHV) decreases and Quseful heat increase result from dolomite which gives a clean gas product and the Tar molecule can be easily broken. The CO2 gas from the combustion process was absorbed by CaO, which is the main component in dolomite. The cost of mixing 8.9% of Dolomite with Cassava rhizome is the optimum ratio for the biomass combustion process.

scholarly journals Modelling of pollutants concentrations from the biomass combustion process

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Magdziarz ◽  
Małgorzata Wilk ◽  
Monika Zajemska
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Modelling of pollutants concentrations from the biomass combustion process This paper presents possibilities for of numerical modelling of biomass combustion in a commercially available boiler. A sample of biomass was tested with respect to its physical and chemical properties. Thermogravimetry studies of biomass were carried out. Computer simulation makes it possible to analyse complex phenomena which are otherwise difficult to observe. The aim of this work was to model biomass combustion to predict the amount of pollutants generated (NOx, CO, SO2) in the exhaust gases coming out from boilers The calculations were made using the CHEMKIN program. Results of calculations were performed taking into account the influence of temperature, pressure and residence time.

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