scholarly journals Exercise Fatigue Induce the Oxidative Stress and the Expression of mGluR 4 and mGluR 5 on the Ventrolateral Thalamus in Rats

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 220-229
Author(s):  
Meihua Su, Yong Mao, Dan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Ventrolateral Thalamus ◽  
Exercise Fatigue

Objective: The motor thalamus plays an important role during exercise. It aims to observe the changes of mGluR4 and mGluR5 in ventrolateral thalamus of rats induced by repeated exhaustive exercise, and to discuss the relationship of mGluR4, mGluR5 and oxidative damage occured during exhaustive exercise. Methods: There were 48 male wistar rats, which were randomly divided into four groups including CG, 0EG, 24EG and 48 EG, each group having 12 rats. Meanwhile, immunohistochemistry (IMM) technique was used to investigate the expression of positive cell and integrated optical density (IOD) of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), and the impact of exhaustive exercise played on oxidative stress indexes such as malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in ventrolateral thalamus of rats were also investigated in different groups. Results: Compared with CG, the expression of mGluR4 and mGluR5 protein of ventrolateral thalamus in 0EG and 24EG both significantly increased, and the value of mGluR4 in 48EG were still higher than control group, however the the value of mGluR5 in 48EG reduced to the rest level of control group. Meanwhile, the SOD activities of 0EG and 24EG group were significantly higher than the control group, and it was the same with GSH content in ventrolateral thalamus of rats. Meanwhile, MDA has been investigated that it increased significantly in 0EG and 24EG compared with control group, and the MDA level of 48EG was still significant higher than CG. Moreover, the indexes of muscle injury such as LD, CK and BUN all increased significantly post-exercise immediately and post-exercise 24 hours .Conclusion: Exercise fatigue could result in up-regulation of mGluR4 and mGluR5 and increace activity of SOD , GSH-PX and MDA in ventrolateral thalamus of rats, and it also induce the muscle injury by increase the level of LD, CK and BUN in serum, which suggested that ventrolateral thalamus was an important brain rigion to modulate the motor function, and mGluR4 and mGluR5 maybe two important receptors prevent from the increase of free radicals and muscle injury induced by exercise fatigue.

Isoflurane Preconditioning Protects the Myocardium Against Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury by Upregulating GRM1 Expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Huang ◽  
Xiaoyan Qing ◽  
Handan Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
And Control

Background: Reduction in myocardial I/R injury has become the key to the therapy of ischemic cardiovascular disease. Isoflurane (ISO) preconditioning can mimic the major potent protective mechanisms and attenuate ischemia injury. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in the cardioprotective effects afforded by isoflurane preconditioning have never been evaluated systematically. Methods: Mice were randomly divided into an ISO preconditioning group and control group. The size of the infarcted region was measured, and comparisons between ISO preconditioning and control animals were made. The metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1(GRM1) expression levels in all groups were determined by quantitative PCR. GRM1 protein expression and DNA damage relative protein γ-H2AX were measured by western blot analysis. The oxidative stress was detected by immunofluorescence after staining with the Dihydroethidium (DHE). Results: ISO preconditioning significantly reduced the IR induced infarct volumes and reversed the GRM1 protein expression level in I/R induced myocardial injury. Moreover, ISO preconditioning has a protective effect in reducing the I/R induced DNA damage and oxidative stress. Conclusion: The results of the present study have demonstrated that the expression of GRM1 provides a protective role in ISO preconditioning against I/R-induced myocardial infarction by reducing the oxidative stress and DNA damage.

scholarly journals The Effect of Anti-Fatigue of mGluR4, GABA-ARα1 and GABA-BR1 on the Substantia Nigra Pars Reticular During Exercise

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 505-513
Author(s):  
Meihua Su, Xiaoli Liu, Decai Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Exercise Fatigue

Objective: The substantia nigra pars reticular (SNR) is the vital nuclei sending out information from basal ganglia and it plays an important part in motor behavior maintenance and motor regulation. It aims to observe the changes of mGluR4，GABA-ARα1 and GABA-BR1 in substantia nigra pars reticular of rats induced by one single bout of exhaustive exercise, and to discuss the relationship among the expression of mGluR4，GABA-ARα1, GABA-BR1 and exercise fatigue. Methods: Thirty-six male wistar rats were divided into three groups at random including CG, 0EG and 90EG,which having 12 rats. Meanwhile, peripheral blood samples were drawn from the vein of tail at different time points (pre- exercise, exercise for 30 min, exercise for 90 min and exhaustion immediately during exercise, and 30 min and 90 min post exercise) ，and blood concentrations of lactic acid (LD) ，blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and activities of creatine kinase (CK) were detected by automatic analyser. Furthermore, the technique of Immunohistochemistry has been used to indicate the protein expression of metabotropic glutamate receptors like mGluR4 and gamma-aminobutyric acid a receptor like GABAAR1, also gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor like GABAB1. Results: The expression level of mGluR4 in SNR in immediately post-exercise group (0EG) and 90 min post-exercise group (90EG) increase significantly than control group (CG), and the expression level of GABA-ARα1 in SNR at 0EG and 90EG were also significantly higher than control group, and GABA-BR1 in SNR in 0EG and 90EG were both significantly lower than CG. Moreover, it presented significant increases in the levels of LD, BUN and CK in peripheral blood compared with those at rest. Conclusion: Exercise fatigue could result in up-regulation of mGluR4 expression，GABA-ARα1 and down-regulation of GABA-BR1 expression in substantia nigra pars reticular of rats, and it also induce the muscle injury by increase the level of LD, CK and BUN in peripheral blood, which suggested that substantia nigra pars reticular was an important brain rigion to modulate the motor function, and mGluR4，GABA-ARα1 and GABA-BR1 were three important receptors related with the muscle injury induced by exercise fatigue. So the mGluR4, GABA-ARα1 and GABA-BR1 could be the new novel substance produced to prevent from exercise fatigue.

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