scholarly journals The Effect of Anti-Fatigue of mGluR4, GABA-ARα1 and GABA-BR1 on the Substantia Nigra Pars Reticular During Exercise

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 505-513
Author(s):  
Meihua Su, Xiaoli Liu, Decai Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Exercise Fatigue

Objective: The substantia nigra pars reticular (SNR) is the vital nuclei sending out information from basal ganglia and it plays an important part in motor behavior maintenance and motor regulation. It aims to observe the changes of mGluR4，GABA-ARα1 and GABA-BR1 in substantia nigra pars reticular of rats induced by one single bout of exhaustive exercise, and to discuss the relationship among the expression of mGluR4，GABA-ARα1, GABA-BR1 and exercise fatigue. Methods: Thirty-six male wistar rats were divided into three groups at random including CG, 0EG and 90EG,which having 12 rats. Meanwhile, peripheral blood samples were drawn from the vein of tail at different time points (pre- exercise, exercise for 30 min, exercise for 90 min and exhaustion immediately during exercise, and 30 min and 90 min post exercise) ，and blood concentrations of lactic acid (LD) ，blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and activities of creatine kinase (CK) were detected by automatic analyser. Furthermore, the technique of Immunohistochemistry has been used to indicate the protein expression of metabotropic glutamate receptors like mGluR4 and gamma-aminobutyric acid a receptor like GABAAR1, also gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor like GABAB1. Results: The expression level of mGluR4 in SNR in immediately post-exercise group (0EG) and 90 min post-exercise group (90EG) increase significantly than control group (CG), and the expression level of GABA-ARα1 in SNR at 0EG and 90EG were also significantly higher than control group, and GABA-BR1 in SNR in 0EG and 90EG were both significantly lower than CG. Moreover, it presented significant increases in the levels of LD, BUN and CK in peripheral blood compared with those at rest. Conclusion: Exercise fatigue could result in up-regulation of mGluR4 expression，GABA-ARα1 and down-regulation of GABA-BR1 expression in substantia nigra pars reticular of rats, and it also induce the muscle injury by increase the level of LD, CK and BUN in peripheral blood, which suggested that substantia nigra pars reticular was an important brain rigion to modulate the motor function, and mGluR4，GABA-ARα1 and GABA-BR1 were three important receptors related with the muscle injury induced by exercise fatigue. So the mGluR4, GABA-ARα1 and GABA-BR1 could be the new novel substance produced to prevent from exercise fatigue.

scholarly journals Exercise Fatigue Induce the Oxidative Stress and the Expression of mGluR 4 and mGluR 5 on the Ventrolateral Thalamus in Rats

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 220-229
Author(s):  
Meihua Su, Yong Mao, Dan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Ventrolateral Thalamus ◽  
Exercise Fatigue

Objective: The motor thalamus plays an important role during exercise. It aims to observe the changes of mGluR4 and mGluR5 in ventrolateral thalamus of rats induced by repeated exhaustive exercise, and to discuss the relationship of mGluR4, mGluR5 and oxidative damage occured during exhaustive exercise. Methods: There were 48 male wistar rats, which were randomly divided into four groups including CG, 0EG, 24EG and 48 EG, each group having 12 rats. Meanwhile, immunohistochemistry (IMM) technique was used to investigate the expression of positive cell and integrated optical density (IOD) of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), and the impact of exhaustive exercise played on oxidative stress indexes such as malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in ventrolateral thalamus of rats were also investigated in different groups. Results: Compared with CG, the expression of mGluR4 and mGluR5 protein of ventrolateral thalamus in 0EG and 24EG both significantly increased, and the value of mGluR4 in 48EG were still higher than control group, however the the value of mGluR5 in 48EG reduced to the rest level of control group. Meanwhile, the SOD activities of 0EG and 24EG group were significantly higher than the control group, and it was the same with GSH content in ventrolateral thalamus of rats. Meanwhile, MDA has been investigated that it increased significantly in 0EG and 24EG compared with control group, and the MDA level of 48EG was still significant higher than CG. Moreover, the indexes of muscle injury such as LD, CK and BUN all increased significantly post-exercise immediately and post-exercise 24 hours .Conclusion: Exercise fatigue could result in up-regulation of mGluR4 and mGluR5 and increace activity of SOD , GSH-PX and MDA in ventrolateral thalamus of rats, and it also induce the muscle injury by increase the level of LD, CK and BUN in serum, which suggested that ventrolateral thalamus was an important brain rigion to modulate the motor function, and mGluR4 and mGluR5 maybe two important receptors prevent from the increase of free radicals and muscle injury induced by exercise fatigue.

Investigation of the effect of training on serotonin, melatonin and hematologic parameters in adolescent basketball players

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayad Kocahan ◽  
Aykut Dundar ◽  
Muhittin Onderci ◽  
Yucehan Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract Objectives Exercise can improve both health and mood. Some beneficial effects of exercise are attributed to endocrine status. This study aims to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of basketball training on melatonin, serotonin, and hematologic parameters in basketball players. Methods The experimental group was selected form 34 healthy young boys, aged between 13 and 16 years old. The participants were randomly assigned to the control group (n=17) and the exercise group (n=17). The exercise program consisted of 2 h/day aerobic activity of basketball training in 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Venous blood was taken on the day before experiment (pre-exercise) and on the day following the last exercise (post-exercise) and hormone levels were detected by ELISA. Results Serotonin and melatonin levels significantly increased in the post-exercise group compared to the other groups (p<0.05). Exercise caused increase in WBC, RBC, HCT and Hb levels (p<0.05) while did not alter PLT, MCH, and PCT levels (p>0.05). This study indicates that an eight weeks-long regular aerobic exercise increased melatonin and serotonin levels, and also altered some hematological parameters. Conclusions In conclusion, it is believed that improvement in levels of serotonin, melatonin, and hematological parameters after eight weeks of regular basketball training in basketball players could be attributed to beneficial effects of exercise. Investigation in other branches of sports and in different gender and age groups would make contribution into exercise physiology and training science.

scholarly journals Detection of IL-37 in peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its clinical significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 205873921882022
Author(s):  
Ge Zhang ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Period ◽  
Stable Period ◽  
Antibody Levels

The study aimed to detect the expression level of interleukin-37 (IL-37) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and explore its clinical significance. A total of 40 peripheral blood samples from active and stable RA patients were collected (40 patients with RA), and peripheral blood from 40 healthy volunteers was used as the control group. Peripheral blood serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated. The expression of IL-37 mRNA in PBMCs was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Serum levels of IL-37, rheumatoid factor (RF), and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (CCP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were then calculated and analyzed. The results showed that expression of IL-37 mRNA in the PBMCs of patients with RA was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05). Expression of IL-37 mRNA in the PBMCs of the active period group was significantly higher than that in the stable period group ( P < 0.05). IL-37 levels in patients with RA were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P < 0.05). IL-37 levels in the active period group were also significantly higher than those of the stable period group ( P < 0.05). The comparative analysis of RF and anti-CCP antibody levels showed that IL-37 was positively correlated with RF and anti-CCP levels in patients with RA. In conclusion, the expression level of IL-37 in peripheral blood of RA patients was significantly higher than that of normal control group, and it was correlated with RF and CCP antibody levels, indicating that IL-37 plays an important role in the development of RA.

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in the CSF of Schizophrenic Patients Before and After Neuroleptic Treatment

1978 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lichtshtein ◽  
J. Dobkin ◽  
R. P. Ebstein ◽  
J. Biederman ◽  
R. Rimon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Decline ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Neuroleptic Treatment ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Drug Free

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the CSF were measured in 9 normal individuals, 17 drug-free schizophrenic patients and 10 of these same schizophrenic patients after neuroleptic treatment. There was no significant difference between CSF level of GABA in the control group compared to those in schizophrenic patients; however, 6 of the 7 lowest GABA levels were from schizophrenic patients. There was a significant decline of 12 per cent in mean GABA levels in the CSF after a mean of two months of neuroleptic treatment.

scholarly journals High Level of Mir-142-3P Expression in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Ovarian Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Gider ◽  
Xhariga Jabbarli ◽  
Gamze Uyaroglu ◽  
Seref Bugra Tuncer ◽  
Demet Akdeniz Odemis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Background The most common cancers detected in women are breast, thyroid, colorectal, uterine corpus, lung, and ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer is responsible from more than 150.000 death annually worldwide. This cancer is detected in the late stage, and is characterised with poor prognosis, therefore most cases result with death. The fact that this cancer manifests itself in the late stage and is characterized by a poor prognosis, is caused death in the majority of cases. Therefore, the diagnosis and the treatment of the disease have to be improved for a better quality of life for patients. MicroRNAs are the noncoding RNAs in the length of 19–24 nucleotides which show suppressor effect on target genes. miRNAs are included in the pathology of various diseases including cancer. miRNAs being as the biomarker candidates in diagnosis, and their use in treatment as the inhibitors of the molecules mimicking the miRNA showed that they may be used as the new therapeutic target and agents. Methods We detected with our group in our prior study conducted with disconcordant ovarian cancer twins that many miRNA molecules were different in ovarian cancer compared with the molecules in healthy sibling. The expression level of miR-142-3p that was selected from the miRNAs detected in the previous study was compared, and investigated in a wider ovarian cancer group, and in healthy control group. miR-142-3p expression level was investigated using the real-time PCR method in the present study involving 147 patients, and 100 healthy control group. The differences in the expression levels of miR-142-3p detected in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of ovarian cancer patients, and healthy control were statisticaly evaluated. Results The expression level of miR-142-3p was detected to have increased 3.11 fold in ovarian cancer patients compared with the levels in healthy controls, and the difference was statistically significant (p:0.00). These results suggest that miR-142-3p that was found significantly increased in the peripheral blood samples of ovarian cancer patients compared with the healthy controls might be used as a sensitive, noninvasive biomarker in the early diagnosis, and treatment and follow up of ovarian cancer.

Correlation of Vitamin D3 with the Expression of RORγt and Foxp3 mRNAs in the Peripheral Blood of Myasthenia Gravis Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Pan Huang ◽  
Xiao-ying He ◽  
Min Xu
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Orphan Receptor ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Foxp3 Mrna ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
The Relationship

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> to investigate the expression levels of 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> in the peripheral blood from patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and to correlate levels with retinoid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and forkhead or winged-helix transcription factor 3 (Foxp3) mRNA expression. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Sixty-seven patients with MG were enrolled in the experimental group, and 50 normal subjects were selected as the control group. The expression levels of 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> and RORγt and Foxp3 mRNAs were measured in the serum of the 2 patient groups and the relationship between factors were correlated with the severity score of MG. The relationship between the levels of 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> and the relative expressions of RORγt and Foxp3 mRNAs was determined. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were no differences between groups regarding patient’s baseline data. 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> and RORγt and Foxp3 mRNAs are differentially expressed in the MG group and the control group (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). QMG score is negatively correlated with the expression level of peripheral blood 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> and Foxp3 mRNA (<i>r</i> = −0.797, −0.543; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01) and positively correlated with the relative expression level of RORγt mRNA (<i>r</i> = 0.539; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> expression level was negatively correlated with the relative expression of RORγt mRNA (<i>r</i> = −0.559; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01) and positively correlated with the relative expression of Foxp3 mRNA (<i>r</i> = 0.390; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The levels of 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> were shown to be lower in patients with MG compared to normal controls. The observed low levels of 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> may lead to changes in the expression of RORγt and Foxp3 mRNAs involved in MG.

Determination of delta-aminobutyric acid and other amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid of pediatric patients by reversed-phase liquid chromatography.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1736-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
R F Goldsmith ◽  
J W Earl ◽  
A M Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Precolumn Derivatization ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Phase Liquid

Abstract The reversed-phase liquid-chromatographic system described here is capable of resolving the neurotransmitter amino acids aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plus 21 other amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a single analysis. The amino acids, derivatized with o-phthalaldehyde, are separated in 65 min. Concentrations of glutamine less than or equal to 600 mumol/L can be measured at the same time as GABA greater than or equal to 10 nmol/L. Using this method, we have determined reference intervals for amino acids, including GABA, in CSF in a group of pediatric patients who underwent lumbar puncture before myelography, and who were subsequently shown to have normal myelograms. These intervals are generally lower than those previously reported for childhood, but we believe this results from a more rigid selection of the control group. In addition, artifactual increases in concentrations of free neurotransmitters, caused by breakdown of amino acid conjugates, are minimized by (a) immediate freezing of the CSF samples to prevent enzyme-mediated changes, (b) omission of a deproteinization step, and (c) precolumn derivatization to reduce on-column breakdown of amide and peptide forms.

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