scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Recognition of Emotional States

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
V.A. Barabanschikov ◽  
E.V. Suvorova
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Emotion Expression ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
Gender Factor ◽  
Audio Video

As a rule, gender differences in the perception of human emotional states are studied on the basis of static pictures of face, gestures or poses. The dynamics and multiplicity of the emotion expression remain in the «blind zone». This work is aimed at finding relationships in the perception of the procedural characteristics of the emotion expression. The influence of gender and age on the identification of human emotional states is experimentally investigated in ecologically and socially valid situations. The experiments were based on the Russian-language version of the Geneva Emotion Recognition Test (GERT).83 audio-video clips of fourteen emotional states expressed by ten specially trained professional actors (five men and five women, average age 37 years) were randomly demonstrated to Russian participants (48 women and 48 men, Europeans, ages ranged from 20 to 62 years, with a mean age of 34 (SD = 9,4).It is shown that women recognize multimodal dynamic emotions more accurately, especially those which were expressed by women. Gender and age differences in identification accuracy are statistically significant for five emotions: joy, amusement, irritation, anger, and surprise. On women’s faces, joy, surprise, irritation and anger are more accurately recognized by women over 35 years of age (p<0,05).On male faces, surprise is less accurately recognized by men under 35 (p<0,05); amusement, irritation, anger — in men over 35 (p<0,05). The gender factor of perception of multimodal dynamic expressions of the state acts as a system of determinants that changes its characteristics depending on a specific communicative situation.

Vivation breathing technique as a way to work out a reduced level of subjective vitality

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Tatyana Maltseva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Subjective Vitality ◽  
Language Version ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Psychological Assistance

The article discusses the theoretical and practical foundations of breathing practice. As shown in scientific studies, respiratory psychotechnics contribute to the development of regulation of negative emotional states, mastery of the basics of psychophysical and psychoenergetic self-regulation, and also have a pronounced volitional aspect. The subject of research in this article are the features of using the breathing technique of Vision in order to study a reduced level of subjective vitality. The purpose of this work was in experimentally study of the effect of respiratory psychotechnics on the level of subjective vitality. To achieve this goal the Russian-language version of the methodology for determining subjective vitality developed in the framework of the theory of self-determination by R. Ryan and S. Frederick in the modification of L.A. Alexandrova. In order to study the effect of the breathing technique of Vival on the states and personality traits that are of paramount importance for the process of social adaptation and regulation of behavior, the Freiburg multifactor personality questionnaire FPI was used. The respondents were 48 persons who were employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. The obtained results allow us to optimize the work of providing psychological assistance to the employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in a situation of reducing the level of subjective vitality.

scholarly journals Can (perceived) mental-rotation performance mediate gender differences in math anxiety in adolescents and young adults?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Rahe ◽  
Claudia Quaiser-Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Math Anxiety ◽  
Math Performance ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Mental Rotation Test ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences

AbstractMath anxiety is a negative affective reaction in situations concerning mathematics and is related to poor math performance and a lower mathematical self-concept. Gender differences appear in math anxiety even though gender differences in math abilities are non-existent or minimal in effect size. In the present study, gender and age differences in math anxiety, mental-rotation performance, and perceived mental-rotation performance are investigated as well as (perceived) mental-rotation performance as possible mediators of the relation between gender and math anxiety. Ninety-seven children (54 females) between 11 and 15 years and 84 undergraduate students (59 females) solved a mental-rotation test, rated their performance in this test, and filled out a questionnaire about math anxiety. Increasing gender differences with age were found for math anxiety, mental-rotation performance, and perceived mental-rotation performance. Mental-rotation performance and perceived mental-rotation performance were significant individual mediators for gender differences in math anxiety. Adequate measures should be discussed to enhance females’ mental-rotation abilities and their perception of these skills to reduce gender differences in math anxiety.

scholarly journals Gender and Age Differences in Safety-Oriented Personality Style or Phobicentric Psychopathology (SOPS/PCP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Patrick Bickersteth ◽  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
Xiaozhou Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Personality Style ◽  
Big 5 ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
Basic Facts

This study investigates differences in gender and age in the Safety-Oriented Personality Style or Phobicentric Psychopathology (SOPS/PCP). Comparisons are made with Neuroticism in the Big 5 or Five Factor Model to further distinguish it from SOPS/PCP. The results show similarity in age but not gender differences between the two constructs. Also, the location of the participants (Canada or USA) was not significant. The study is an initial step in accumulating basic facts about SOPS/PCP.

Competitive Style and Game Preference

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dickinson ◽  
T. Sebastien ◽  
L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The North ◽  
Competitive Game ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

Children in the age range 8 to 13 years (72 males and 53 females), completed a game preference questionnaire and participated in a novel competitive game task, both the questionnaire and method of approach to the game could be evaluated in order to classify subjects as potents, fortunists, strategists, or potent-strategists in terms of competitive style. Predictions were made on the basis of studies within and between cultures concerning gender differences in competitive style. Based on evidence from within the North American culture, predictions were made concerning game preference and age differences. The results supported the predictions in terms of gender differences. Changes in game preference with age and gender, and age differences in competitive-style also conformed with predictions. It is considered that the novel competitive game task might make a useful instrument for evaluating competitive style.

scholarly journals Potential gender and age differences in the performance of five condom-related behaviours in the United Kingdom

Sexual Health ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Jude Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Safer Sex ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences

Safer sex is important and comprises of a series of five condom-related behaviours: accessing, carrying, negotiating, using and disposing. This study explored potential gender and age differences in these condom-related behaviours. Data suggests gender differences exist for accessing, carrying and disposing behaviours. An age difference was seen in accessing behaviour. Therefore future safer sex interventions should acknowledge the potential gender and age differences in these condom-related behaviours.

PO-0935 Anxiety Sensitivity And Behaviour Difficulties In Adolescents: Gender And Age Differences

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. A556.3-A557
Author(s):  
S Pesic Gilanji ◽  
S Turudic ◽  
J Odovic Cubrilo ◽  
N Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences

Gender Differences in Empathy During Adolescence: Does Emotional Self-Awareness Matter?

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412097663
Author(s):  
Cristina Trentini ◽  
Renata Tambelli ◽  
Silvia Maiorani ◽  
Marco Lauriola
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
Emotional Concern ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Tas 20

Empathy refers to the capacity to experience emotions similar to those observed or imagined in another person, with the full knowledge that the other person is the source of these emotions. Awareness of one's own emotional states is a prerequisite for self-other differentiation to develop. This study investigated gender differences in empathy during adolescence and tested whether emotional self-awareness explained these differences. Two-hundred-eleven adolescents (108 girls and 103 boys) between 14 and 19 years completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) to assess empathy and emotional self-awareness, respectively. Overall, girls obtained higher scores than boys on IRI subscales like emotional concern, personal distress, and fantasy. Regarding emotional self-awareness, we found gender differences in TAS-20 scores, with girls reporting greater difficulty identifying feelings and less externally oriented thinking than boys. Difficulty identifying feelings explained the greatest personal distress experienced by girls. Lower externally oriented thinking accounted for girls’ greater emotional concern and fantasy. These findings offer an insight into the role of emotional self-awareness–which is essential for self-other differentiation–as an account for gender differences in empathic abilities during adolescence. In girls, difficulty identifying feelings can impair the ability to differentiate between ones’ and others’ emotions, leading them to experience self-focused and aversive responses when confronted with others’ suffering. Conversely, in boys, externally oriented thinking can mitigate personal distress when faced with others’ discomfort.

scholarly journals Are there mortality differences between men and women in all types of intracranial hemorrhages: subarachnoid, intraparenchymal and subdural? An analysis of the Spanish population

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Fernandez De Bobadilla Osorio ◽  
J.R Rey-Blas ◽  
N Gonzalez-Aguado ◽  
B Fuentes ◽  
P Masedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhage ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Objectives There are 3 types of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH): 1) subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), CIE10:I60; 2) intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), I61 and 3) subdural hemorrhage (SDH) I62. Epidemiological data on this field are scarce in Mediterranean countries. Our goal was to determine whether the relationship of ICH mortality with gender and age was different for the 3 types of HIC. Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. Deaths/100.000 population of SAH, IPH and SDH were assessed for the entire Spanish population since 2008 to 2017 (n=46,527,039). Year 2017 was the last available for analysis. Incidence was analyzed for men and women and for age strata (<1 years of age, 2–10, 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, 71–80; >80). Results In order to fit in the abstract space, only data of 2017 are presented, although years 2008 to 2017 were also analyzed and results were similar. Mortality/100,000 of IPH stayed very low under 40 years of age and then grew exponentially in both, men and women, and was significantly higher for men for all age strata. Mortality of SDH was much lower but behaved in a similar way: exponential growth since 40s and lower incidence in women. SAH behaved differently: it started to be significant since 20 years of age and there were no gender differences. Conclusion Mortality of intraparenchymal and subdural hemorrhage increases exponentially since 40 years of age and is lower in women. On the contrary, mortality of subarachnoid hemorrhage increases earlier and there are no gender differences. Death/100.000 intracranial hemorrhage Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Gender Differences in Proxemics: Taxi-Seat Choice

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Kenner ◽  
George Katsimaglis
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender And Age

Observations of seating choice by 648 urban Australian taxi passengers demonstrated that the preferred position within the vehicle was largely determined by the gender and age of the passenger.

Gender and age differences in the prevalence of specific fears and phobias

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Fredrikson ◽  
Peter Annas ◽  
HÅkan Fischer ◽  
Gustav Wik
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences
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