scholarly journals The Style of Interpersonal Relationships as a Determining Factor in the Social-Psychological Adaptation of Adolescents with a Slight Degree of Mental Retardation and with Normotypical Development in the Context of Co-Education in Secondary School

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-57
Author(s):  
T. Boldyreva

The article presents and describes the style models of interpersonal interaction revealed through regression analysis, providing socio-psychological adaptation of adolescents with mild mental retardation and with normotypical development, studying in secondary schools. 75 adolescents from rural schools were examined, who had a sufficient level of social and psychological adaptation, identified through the methods of diagnosing the social-psychological adaptation of R. Rogers and R. Diamond. Characteristics of interpersonal interaction studied using a modified version of T. Leary's interpersonal diagnosis in the adaptation of L.N. Sobchik. The differences in the structure of interpersonal relations, contributing to the adaptation of adolescents with normotypical development and with a slight degree of mental retardation revealed. The analysis of the correspondence of the presented results to modern studies of interpersonal relations among adolescents made possible to discover originality in the determination of socio-psychological adaptation not only among adolescents with mild mental retardation, but also with their normally developing peers in inclusive education.

Author(s):  
I. Pozdnyakova ◽  
D. Derina

The problem of ideas about the interpersonal relationships of adolescents with different levels of intellectual development is poorly studied in special psychology. The article examines the results of a study of ideas about the interpersonal relationships of adolescents with mental retardation and mild mental retardation, gives recommendations for correcting their deficiencies. The study involved 35 adolescents aged 13-15 years with different levels of intellectual development.  For the study were used Wechsler test, questionnaire for teenagers. The article presents the characteristics of ideas about interpersonal relations of adolescents with mental retardation and mild mental retardation (verbal and non-verbal presentations). Teenagers with a higher level of intellectual development demonstrate more formed ideas about interpersonal relationships.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Tetiana Partyko ◽  
◽  
Nadiia Levus ◽  

The role of adaptability and harmonius interpersonal relations on achievement of existential fullness by retirement age people was analyzed with the performed empirical study. The Existence Scale (ESK) (Längle, Orgler), S. Dukhnovsky’s method examining disharmony in interpersonal relations and the Social and Psychological Adaptation Questionnaire (C. Rogers and R. Diamond) were used. The study involved 100 employed people of retirement age (59-75 years), of which 46 women (average age was 63.6 years) and 54 men (average age was 64.9 years). Employed people of retirement age were characterized by moderate understanding of life meaning, women and men did not have significant differences in their existential fullness. Interpersonal relationships were mainly harmonious; women had a greater tendency to compromise and to control aggressive manifestations in comparison with men. Both women and men were moderately adapted to the social environment. Also, men and women showed a close link between existential fullness and retirement-age people’s tendency to adaptation, especially with regard to such characteristics as self-acceptance, acceptance of others, emotional comfort and internality. An important condition for employed retirement-age people’ existential fullness and understood life meaning was their self-confidence and positive self-attitude, friendly attitude to others and expectation of positive evaluation from them, as well as self-perception as an active subject of their activities. Adaptation and acceptance of others contributed to harmonious interpersonal relationships, and vise versa, if employed retirement-age people had harmonious relationships with others, they were better adapted. The link between harmonious interpersonal relationships and existential fullness is mainly mediated by an individual’s adaptive abilities, but this link can be direct at men. Women showed a wider range of links between harmony and adaptability, but men showed a wider range of links between harmony and existential fullness. If women tended to dominate in interpersonal relationships, demonstrating their superiority over others, they were likely to narrow their inner distance from themselves and their ability to assess a situation from the outside became worse, but their tensions decreased markedly. As for men, the role of dominance increased with age, but its effect on the existential fullness and harmony of relationships was not revealed. Women who avoided problems had increased tension and aggressive intentions, but it was unlikely to affect their existential experiences; on the contrary, as for men, problems avoiding reduced their ability to self-transcendence and freedom and was unlikely to affect the harmony of relationships with others. Women’s acceptance of others and emotional comfort were more closely linked to existential fullness in comparison with such characteristics at men.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Ingrida Baranauskiene ◽  
Alla Kovalenko ◽  
Inna Leonova

<p>The article presents the study on the factors influencing appearance of loneliness at female prisoners. The results obtained indicate that loneliness is caused not only by subjective factors, such as personal traits, needs, motives, but also by an objective factor - the socially closed structure of detention places and the limited environment there. The main subjective reasons for female prisoners’ feelings of loneliness are despair, fears, depression and aggression, caused by their inability to satisfy their needs for communication, safety, personal development and goal achievement.</p>The feeling of loneliness appears because the influence of the following factors: personal traits, insufficient interpersonal relationships, fear of rejection, subjective and objective causes


Proglas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donka Mangacheva ◽  

As an indispensable component of the social interpersonal interaction, metacommunication falls within many fields of study and is considered in the light of different anthropocentric perspectives, which predetermine a specific coverage of problematics, spatial modeling and categorization. During the last decades metacommunication is also a subject of increased interest in the linguistics in its quality of a complex phenomenon linked both with the transmission and interpretation of particular information in the verbal exchange and with the reflection on the speech use and formation of interpersonal relationships


Author(s):  
Elena Grebennikova ◽  
Igor Shelekhov ◽  
Elena Filimonova

Межличностные отношения являются необходимым условием, определяющим развитие не только отдельных психических процессов, но и личности в целом. Имеется ряд работ, в которых показана деформация межличностных отношений у подростков с разным видом дизонтогенеза, в том числе и при умственной отсталости. Представлены результаты изучения межличностных отношений подростков, имеющих умственную отсталость, осложненную нарушением зрения. Результаты проведенного исследования позволили констатировать наличие как общих, так и специфических особенностей межличностных отношений у подростков с умственной отсталостью, осложненной нарушением зрения, и у их сверстников с неосложненной умственной отсталостью. В обследуемых группах только треть подростков рассматривают отца и мать как родительскую чету, при этом наблюдается высокая значимость взаимоотношений с матерью и отказ от общения с отцом. Для подростков обеих групп характерны: слабая включенность во взаимодействие со сверстниками; наличие чувственно дефицитного или чувственно чрезмерного типа взаимодействия с преобладанием чувственно дефицитного типа; нерешительность в принятии решений, стремление переложить ответственность на других; отсутствие тенденции к доминированию; частые конфликты со сверстниками и неспособность их конструктивно разрешить. Кроме того, подростки обследуемых групп часто демонстрируют реакции на фрустрацию активно-агрессивного или пассивно-страдательного типа, причем у подростков с неосложненной умственной отсталостью доминируют реакции активно-агрессивного типа, а у подростков с умственной отсталостью, осложненной нарушением зрения, – реакции пассивно-страдательного типа. Примечательно, что подростки с умственной отсталостью, осложненной нарушением зрения, склонны к изоляции от сверстников, проявляют бóльшую привязанность к дому и своей семье. Interpersonal relations are a prerequisite that determines the development of not only individual mental processes, but also the personality as a whole. There are a number of works that show the deformation of interpersonal relationships in adolescents with different types of dysontogenesis, including with mental retardation. This article presents the results of a study of the interpersonal relationships of adolescents with mental retardation complicated by visual impairment. The results of the study made it possible to ascertain the presence of both general and specific features of interpersonal relationships in adolescents with mental retardation complicated by visual impairment, and their peers with uncomplicated mental retardation. In the examined groups, only a third of adolescents consider the father and mother as a parental couple, while there is a high significance of the relationship with the mother and refusal to communicate with the father. For adolescents of both groups are characteristic: weak involvement in interaction with peers; the presence of a sensually deficient or sensually excessive type of interaction with a predominance of the sensually deficient type; indecision in decision making, the desire to shift responsibility to others; lack of a tendency to domination; frequent conflicts with peers and the inability to constructively resolve them. In addition, adolescents of the studied groups often show reactions to frustration of the activeaggressive or passive-suffering type, and in adolescents with uncomplicated mental retardation, the reactions of the active-aggressive type dominate, and in adolescents with mental retardation complicated by visual impairment, the reactions of passive-passive type. It is noteworthy that adolescents with mental retardation, complicated by visual impairment, are prone to isolation from their peers, show greater attachment to home and their family.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12823
Author(s):  
Nagwa Babiker Abdalla Yousif ◽  
Enaam Mohammed Youssef ◽  
Rasha Mohamed Abdelrahman

The objective of inclusive education is to increase the quality of social and psychological integration in society of students with disabilities in the learning process. This study aimed to identify the social and psychological effects of inclusive education of students with hearing disabilities at Sharjah University’s Disability Resource Centre. The study adopted a descriptive analytical approach with a purposive sample comprising 24 students with hearing impairment. An electronic questionnaire comprising 25 psychological and social statements and nine open-ended questions was administered to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The results revealed positive correlation coefficients between inclusive education and both psychological adjustment and social interaction and negative relationships between gender and age and both social interaction and psychological adaptation variables (for age ρ = 0.091 and ρ = 0.262 and for gender ρ = 0.47 and ρ = 0.076, respectively). A statistically significant difference of less than 0.05 was found in favour of those who agreed that inclusion affects psychological adaptation. A statistically significant difference of less than 0.05 was found in favour of students who agreed that inclusion affects social interaction. The research results can be used in the practice of inclusive education to determine ways to improve the social and psychological adaptation of students with hearing impairments.


Author(s):  
I. V. Malyshev ◽  

In the paper the results of the empirical investigation of the characteristics of the social-psychological adaptation of students of the first courses from the point of view of their creative facilities are analyzed. The interconnection between the studied phenomena and the difference of the adaptation components of students with different creative potential is established.


Pedagogika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vytautas Gudonis ◽  
Yevhenii Klopota

The paper presents outcomes research of features of interpersonal relationships, the level of perception and motivational orientations interaction of those who can see with blind and visually impaired students of higher educational institution. The attention is focused on the specifics of the social and psychological training as a means of improving communicative competence of blind and visually impaired students and optimization of their social status in the student body.


Author(s):  
Dmitriy O. Markov

This article describes a study of academic motivation of students of different groups, as well as the factors of their social-psychological adaptation. As the main hypothesis, it was suggested that between the social-psychological characteristics of students at different levels and the structural elements of their motivation for educational and professional activities there are stable and unique relationships for each group that are non-random in nature. The contingent of subjects consisted of 395 students of Russian universities, studying in humanitarian specialties on the levels of undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate studies. The questionnaire were used in this study to identify features of the academic motivation, as well as methods to determine the social-psychological parameters. The results of the study showed the presence of stable relationships between the social-psychological characteristics of students and the structural components of their academic motivation.


2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertram F. Malle

This article reviews some of the central ideas in Heider’s (1958 ) book, The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations: common-sense psychology, personal causality, causal attribution, and the social perception of mental states. Relying on Heider’s own words to introduce these topics, the review shows that post-Heiderian attribution research overlooked and misunderstood several of Heider’s contributions. For example, he has been falsely portrayed as postulating a person-situation dichotomy as the core of people’s understanding of behavior; and his analysis of dispositions as primarily mental states has been mistaken for one of dispositions as stable traits. Heider’s original ideas are, however, firmly connected to cognitive science research on the folk theory of mind and provide a foundation for recent social-psychological work on inferences of other people’s mental states.


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