scholarly journals Neuropsychological Method in the Differential Diagnosis of Cognitive Impairment in Children and Adolescents with Mental Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-157
Author(s):  
A. Sergienko
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Neuropsychological Diagnostics ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The article describes the neuropsychological techniques which are applied in the clinical practice in child psychiatry. It describes a system of qualitative and quantitative neuropsychological diagnostics. The role of neuropsychological analysis of the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in children and adolescents is reflected. Hierarchical cluster analysis according to neuropsychological diagnosis helps in the establishing the psychiatric diagnosis.

scholarly journals Cognitive Defect in Children and Adolescents with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Psychometric and Neuropsychological Approaches to the Assessment of Cognitive Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Strogova ◽  
A. Sergienko ◽  
N.V. Zvereva
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Neuropsychological Diagnostics ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Defects

The article is devoted to the diagnostic approaches of cognitive defects in schizophrenia using psychometric and neuropsychological methods. The clinical psychological research results of different kinds of cognitive defects in children and adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (74 subjects of average age of 11 ± 2 years old, 18 of which have passed a complete neuropsychological examination) are described. We have compared psychrometric and neuropsychological diagnostics results of children and adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with the results of reference group of children with normal development. The differences of intellectual levels depending on the diagnosis have been marked and the respective types of cognitive defect are described. The total (most severe) defect has been detected in children with progredient schizophrenia (F20). While in other groups (children and adolescents with non-progredient schizophrenia) there has been revealed partial defect. Complex psychometric and neuropsychological diagnostics allows to make more detailed evaluation of the cognitive defect and its structure. Neuropsychological diagnostics has also confirmed that there are intensity differences of brain dysfunction between the diagnosed groups. Patients with сhildren schizophrenia (F20) have notable dysfunctions (or functional immaturity) of cortical structures, while in the group of children with diagnosis of episodic schizophrenia (episodic with progressive clinical course) with progressive or stable defect (F20.x) impairment of interhemispheric coordination has been observed. Children and adolescents with schizotypal disorder (F21) have showed dysfunctions of subcortical structures. Our research results support the hypotheses about the interrelation between kinds of cognitive defect and specificity of neuropsychological status in children and adolescents with different kinds of progredient schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

The Role of Medical Comorbidity in the Rapid Psychiatric Readmission of Patients With Schizophrenia-spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
LAUREN E. REEVES ◽  
LAUREN WEINSTOCK ◽  
GARY EPSTEIN-LUBOW ◽  
JANE METRIK ◽  
BRANDON A. GAUDIANO
Keyword(s):  
Medical Comorbidity ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Readmission ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals S176. A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF COMT GENE INVOLVEMENT IN COGNITIVE FLEXIBILITY AND ATTENTION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S104-S105
Author(s):  
Kim Morris ◽  
Brian Dean ◽  
Will Woods ◽  
Matthew Hughes ◽  
Sean Carruthers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Comt Gene ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Comt Activity ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Functional Snp

Abstract Background Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are often characterised by a plateau or decline in cognitive abilities early in the prodrome. The cause of developmental alteration remains unknown, and investigation of genetic involvement in cognitive function in these disorders may assist the understanding of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms involved. Variation at two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene have previously shown an influence on COMT protein levels and cognition; rs4680 and rs4818. Here we investigate the influence of the nonsynonymous “Val/Met” SNP rs4680 and a second functional SNP, rs4818, on tasks of cognitive flexibility and attention. Methods The sample comprised 48 healthy controls (HC; age = 31.95 ± 12.80; 25 males, 23 females), and 43 with a diagnosis of SSD (age = 41.64 ± 10.36; 26 males, 17 females). Measures of cognitive flexibility and attention included the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs version (CPT-IP), Trail Making Test (TMT), and the D-KEFS Colour Word Interference Test (CWIT). Due to small cohort sizes, in our preliminary analyses we chose to compare people who should be most severely affected because of inheriting COMT haplotypes associated with poor cognitive functioning (GG rs4818 / GG rs4680: G-G haplotype) to those with haplotypes associated with better cognitive functioning (CC rs4818 / AA rs4680: C-A haplotype). Multivariate analysis of variance factors included COMT haplotype, diagnosis (HC and SSD), and gender, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons; age was included as a covariate. Analyses were also conducted based on a non-functional SNP of the COMT gene; rs165599, as a negative control. Results SSD exhibited reduced cognitive performance compared to HC; F(4, 75) = 8.810, p < .001. Investigation of C-A haplotype revealed an interaction with diagnosis on cognitive performance; F(8, 154) = 2.075, p = .041; SSD had reduced performance compared to HC for the WCST, CPT-IP, and TMT in C-A haplotypes (all p < .05). COMT haplotype also interacted with gender on cognitive performance (C-A haplotype; F(8, 154) = 2.315, p = .023, G-G haplotype; F(8, 154) = 2.706, p = .008). Males who were C-A non-carriers and /or G-G haplotype (high COMT activity groups) performed better on CPT-IP (both p < .05) and worse on CWIT (both p < .05) compared to females. Control SNP rs165599 revealed no main effects or significant interactions (all p > .05). Discussion The role of the COMT gene in the cognitive abilities of SSD remains contentious as gene expression does not differ from a healthy population. This preliminary analysis revealed an interaction between diagnosis and COMT haplotype, however, this only reached statistical significance for the C-A haplotype, where SSD with C-A haplotype and C-A non-carriers had reduced performance compared to HC on most tasks except TMT. The different effects found across the tasks, which probed various elements of cognitive flexibility and attention, supports a nuanced role of COMT in cognitive function. Further, high COMT activity was beneficial for males on CPT-IP but not CWIT compared to females. Gender interaction remains a significant consideration in studies of the COMT gene, likely involving the catechol-estrogens which are substrates of COMT. As expected there was no significant results with control SNP rs165599, indicating that findings were due to the influence of SNPs rs4680 and rs4818 on COMT activity.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of client-therapist perspectives on the therapeutic alliance: Examining the moderating role of type of measurement and diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Libby Igra ◽  
Michal Lavidor ◽  
Dana Atzil-Slonim ◽  
Nitzan Arnon-Ribenfeld ◽  
Steven de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Therapist Perspectives ◽  
Therapist Perspective ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract Background: Clients and therapists often have different perspectives on their therapeutic alliance (TA), affecting the process and outcome of therapy. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to assess the mean differences between clients’ and therapists’ estimations of TA among clients with severe disturbances, while focusing on two potential moderators: client diagnosis and alliance instrument. Method: We conducted a systematic literature search of studies examining both client perspective and therapist perspective on TA in psychotherapy among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, personality disorders, and substance misuse disorders. We then analyzed the data using a random-effects meta-analytic model with Cohen’s d standardized mean effect size. Results: Heterogeneity analyses (k = 22, Cohen’s d = −.46, 95% confidence interval = .31–1.1) produced a significant Q-statistic (Q = 94.96) and indicated high heterogeneity, suggesting that moderator analyses were appropriate. Conclusions: Our findings show that the type of TA instrument moderates the agreement on TA between client and therapist, but there was no indication of the client’s diagnosis moderating the effect. The agreement between client and therapist estimations seems to be dependent on the instrument that is used to assess TA. Specific setting-related instruments seem to result in higher agreement between clients’ and therapists’ estimations than do more general instruments that are applied to assess TA.

scholarly journals Dissociation in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: What is the role of different types of childhood adversity?

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Schroeder ◽  
Willemien Langeland ◽  
Helen L. Fisher ◽  
Christian G. Huber ◽  
Ingo Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Long-term trajectories of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: A critical overview

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1002-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Shmukler ◽  
I.Y. Gurovich ◽  
M. Agius ◽  
Y. Zaytseva
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Cognitive Disturbances ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Potential Factors

AbstractBackgroundCognitive disturbances are widely pronounced in schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Whilst cognitive deficits are well established in the prodromal phase and are known to deteriorate at the onset of schizophrenia, there is a certain discrepancy of findings regarding the cognitive alterations over the course of the illness.MethodsWe bring together the results of the longitudinal studies identified through PubMed which have covered more than 3 years follow-up and to reflect on the potential factors, such as sample characteristics and stage of the illness which may contribute to the various trajectories of cognitive changes.ResultsA summary of recent findings comprising the changes of the cognitive functioning in schizophrenia patients along the longitudinal course of the illness is provided. The potential approaches for addressing cognition in the course of schizophrenia are discussed.ConclusionsGiven the existing controversies on the course of cognitive changes in schizophrenia, differentiated approaches specifically focusing on the peculiarities of the clinical features and changes in specific cognitive domains could shed light on the trajectories of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and spectrum disorders.

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