scholarly journals Dissociation in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: What is the role of different types of childhood adversity?

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Schroeder ◽  
Willemien Langeland ◽  
Helen L. Fisher ◽  
Christian G. Huber ◽  
Ingo Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The Role of Medical Comorbidity in the Rapid Psychiatric Readmission of Patients With Schizophrenia-spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
LAUREN E. REEVES ◽  
LAUREN WEINSTOCK ◽  
GARY EPSTEIN-LUBOW ◽  
JANE METRIK ◽  
BRANDON A. GAUDIANO
Keyword(s):  
Medical Comorbidity ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Readmission ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals S176. A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF COMT GENE INVOLVEMENT IN COGNITIVE FLEXIBILITY AND ATTENTION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S104-S105
Author(s):  
Kim Morris ◽  
Brian Dean ◽  
Will Woods ◽  
Matthew Hughes ◽  
Sean Carruthers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Comt Gene ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Comt Activity ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Functional Snp

Abstract Background Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are often characterised by a plateau or decline in cognitive abilities early in the prodrome. The cause of developmental alteration remains unknown, and investigation of genetic involvement in cognitive function in these disorders may assist the understanding of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms involved. Variation at two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene have previously shown an influence on COMT protein levels and cognition; rs4680 and rs4818. Here we investigate the influence of the nonsynonymous “Val/Met” SNP rs4680 and a second functional SNP, rs4818, on tasks of cognitive flexibility and attention. Methods The sample comprised 48 healthy controls (HC; age = 31.95 ± 12.80; 25 males, 23 females), and 43 with a diagnosis of SSD (age = 41.64 ± 10.36; 26 males, 17 females). Measures of cognitive flexibility and attention included the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs version (CPT-IP), Trail Making Test (TMT), and the D-KEFS Colour Word Interference Test (CWIT). Due to small cohort sizes, in our preliminary analyses we chose to compare people who should be most severely affected because of inheriting COMT haplotypes associated with poor cognitive functioning (GG rs4818 / GG rs4680: G-G haplotype) to those with haplotypes associated with better cognitive functioning (CC rs4818 / AA rs4680: C-A haplotype). Multivariate analysis of variance factors included COMT haplotype, diagnosis (HC and SSD), and gender, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons; age was included as a covariate. Analyses were also conducted based on a non-functional SNP of the COMT gene; rs165599, as a negative control. Results SSD exhibited reduced cognitive performance compared to HC; F(4, 75) = 8.810, p < .001. Investigation of C-A haplotype revealed an interaction with diagnosis on cognitive performance; F(8, 154) = 2.075, p = .041; SSD had reduced performance compared to HC for the WCST, CPT-IP, and TMT in C-A haplotypes (all p < .05). COMT haplotype also interacted with gender on cognitive performance (C-A haplotype; F(8, 154) = 2.315, p = .023, G-G haplotype; F(8, 154) = 2.706, p = .008). Males who were C-A non-carriers and /or G-G haplotype (high COMT activity groups) performed better on CPT-IP (both p < .05) and worse on CWIT (both p < .05) compared to females. Control SNP rs165599 revealed no main effects or significant interactions (all p > .05). Discussion The role of the COMT gene in the cognitive abilities of SSD remains contentious as gene expression does not differ from a healthy population. This preliminary analysis revealed an interaction between diagnosis and COMT haplotype, however, this only reached statistical significance for the C-A haplotype, where SSD with C-A haplotype and C-A non-carriers had reduced performance compared to HC on most tasks except TMT. The different effects found across the tasks, which probed various elements of cognitive flexibility and attention, supports a nuanced role of COMT in cognitive function. Further, high COMT activity was beneficial for males on CPT-IP but not CWIT compared to females. Gender interaction remains a significant consideration in studies of the COMT gene, likely involving the catechol-estrogens which are substrates of COMT. As expected there was no significant results with control SNP rs165599, indicating that findings were due to the influence of SNPs rs4680 and rs4818 on COMT activity.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of client-therapist perspectives on the therapeutic alliance: Examining the moderating role of type of measurement and diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Libby Igra ◽  
Michal Lavidor ◽  
Dana Atzil-Slonim ◽  
Nitzan Arnon-Ribenfeld ◽  
Steven de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Therapist Perspectives ◽  
Therapist Perspective ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract Background: Clients and therapists often have different perspectives on their therapeutic alliance (TA), affecting the process and outcome of therapy. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to assess the mean differences between clients’ and therapists’ estimations of TA among clients with severe disturbances, while focusing on two potential moderators: client diagnosis and alliance instrument. Method: We conducted a systematic literature search of studies examining both client perspective and therapist perspective on TA in psychotherapy among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, personality disorders, and substance misuse disorders. We then analyzed the data using a random-effects meta-analytic model with Cohen’s d standardized mean effect size. Results: Heterogeneity analyses (k = 22, Cohen’s d = −.46, 95% confidence interval = .31–1.1) produced a significant Q-statistic (Q = 94.96) and indicated high heterogeneity, suggesting that moderator analyses were appropriate. Conclusions: Our findings show that the type of TA instrument moderates the agreement on TA between client and therapist, but there was no indication of the client’s diagnosis moderating the effect. The agreement between client and therapist estimations seems to be dependent on the instrument that is used to assess TA. Specific setting-related instruments seem to result in higher agreement between clients’ and therapists’ estimations than do more general instruments that are applied to assess TA.

scholarly journals Te role of disturbances of the psychosexual spherein schizophrenia in diagnosing of paraphilias

2018 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Demidova ◽  
G. E. Vvedensky ◽  
T. E. Makarova ◽  
M. Yu. Kamenskov ◽  
L. N. Shtark
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Male Role ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Persons With Schizophrenia ◽  
Schizotypal Disorder

Te article is concerned with the study of disturbances in psychosexual sphere, which are specifc for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Te results of a comparison of two groups are presented: 29 people were diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder and a comparison group of 34 people without endogenous pathology. Te study outcomes of their gender self-consciousness with methods «MF», «CTAT», «Coding» are shown that the presence of endogenous disorder changes the psychosexual profle of patients on a number of signs. Persons with schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder, regardless of their comorbide diagnosis of paraphilia are characterized by lower value of masculinity, high distinction with the male role, absence of intention to line up with the man-image, in some cases instability of identity, altered emotional attitudes to sex-role stereotypes, emotional ambivalence.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Method in the Differential Diagnosis of Cognitive Impairment in Children and Adolescents with Mental Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-157
Author(s):  
A. Sergienko
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Neuropsychological Diagnostics ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The article describes the neuropsychological techniques which are applied in the clinical practice in child psychiatry. It describes a system of qualitative and quantitative neuropsychological diagnostics. The role of neuropsychological analysis of the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in children and adolescents is reflected. Hierarchical cluster analysis according to neuropsychological diagnosis helps in the establishing the psychiatric diagnosis.

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