scholarly journals Pengolahan Sinbiotik Kultur Campuran yang Berasal dari Kombinasi Bekatul Gandum sebagai Prebiotik dan Jus Kubis Terfermentasi sebagai Probiotik melalui Proses Fermentasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Cahya Setya Utama ◽  
Zuprizal Zuprizal ◽  
Chusnul Hanim ◽  
Wihandoyo Wihandoyo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kualitas sinbiotik kultur campuran yang berasal dari jus kubis terfermentasi sebagai probiotik yang ditambahkan pada bekatul gandum sebagai prebiotik melalui proses fermentasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial 3x3 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor yang digunakan adalah lama pemeraman dan variasi konsentrasi jus kubis. Parameter yang diamati adalah komponen proksimat (kadar air, abu, lemak kasar, protein kasar, serat kasar dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN), komponen serat berupa acid detergent fibre atau ADF, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin, serta gross energi, glukosa, sukrosa, mannosa, arabinosa, rafinosa, amilum, amilosa, amilopektin dan pati resisten serta profil sinbiotik kultur campuran melalui analisis scanning electron microscope (SEM). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan pada kadar abu, protein kasar, serat kasar (p<0,05) sedangkan pada parameter BETN, ADF, NDF, hemiselulosa, lignin, gross energi, sukrosa, mannosa, arabinosa, rafinosa, amilosa, amilum, amilopektin dan pati resisten terdapat interaksi antar kedua faktor (p<0,05) namun pada parameter glukosa tidak terdapat interaksi antar kedua faktor. Kesimpulan penelitian yaitu sinbiotik kultur campuran terbaik terdapat pada penambahan 40% jus kubis terfermentasi dengan lama fermentasi 4 hari. Sinbiotik kultur campuran ini dapat digunakan sebagai sumber additive untuk pangan maupun kepentingan lainnya seperti pakan ternak.Processing of Mixed Culture Sinbiotics Originating from the Combination of Wheat Pollard as Prebiotics and Fermented Cabbage Juice as Probiotics through the Fermentation ProcessAbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the quality of mixed culture synbiotics derived from fermented cabbage juice as probiotics which were added to wheat pollard as a prebiotic through the fermentation process. The study used a completely randomized 3x3 factorial pattern design with 3 replications and the observed factors were duration of incubation and concentrations of applied cabbage juice. Proximate components (water content, ash, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber and extraction material without nitrogen or BETN), fiber components (acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), gross energy, glucose, sucrose, mannose, arabinose, raffinose, starch, amylose, amylopectin and resistant starch and mix culture synbiotic profile through scanning electron microscope (SEM) were analyzed. The results showed a significant increase in ash content, crude protein, crude fiber (p<0.05) while in BETN, ADF, NDF parameters, hemicellulose, lignin, gross energy, sucrose, mannose, arabinose, raffinose, amylose, starch, amylopectin and resistant starch interaction between the two factors (p<0.05). However, in the glucose parameter there was no interaction between the two factors. The conclusion of the research is that the best mixed culture synbiotic is in the addition of 40% fermented cabbage juice with 4 days fermentation time. This mixed culture synbiotic can be used as an additive source for food and animal feed.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Lama Autoclave Terhadap Kualitas Kimia Wheat Pollard Yang Berpotensi Sebagai Prebiotik

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Cahya Setya Utama ◽  
Zuprizal Zuprizal Zuprizal ◽  
Chusnul Hanim ◽  
Wihandoyo Wihandoyo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh lama pemanasan wheat pollard dengan autoclave untuk mendapatkan monomer-monomer yang berpotensi sebagai prebiotik.  Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola searah dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar air, abu, lemak kasar, protein kasar, serat kasar dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), selulosa, hemiselulosa, lignin, gross energi, mannosa, arabinosa, glukosa, sukrosa, rafinosa, amilosa, amilum, amilopektin, resisten starch dan profil wheat pollard melalui scanning electron microscope (SEM).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh perlakuan (p<0.05) terhadap kadar air, abu, protein kasar, serat kasar, BETN, NDF, hemiselulosa, lignin, selulosa, gros energi, rafinosa, glukosa, arabinosa, sukrosa, amilosa, amilum, amilopektin, resistan starch namun pada lemak kasar, ADF dan manosa tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0.05). Indikator wheat pollard sebagai prebiotik terlihat dari peningkatan kadar rafinosa, arabinosa dan resistan starch berturut-turut sebesar 0.72% menjadi 3.95%; 0.51% menjadi 1.04%; 0.51% menjadi 1.04% dan 5.28% menjadi 14.15%.  Kesimpulan penelitian adalah wheat pollard yang diautoclave selama 15 menit memberikan komposisi terbaik sebagai prebiotik.The objective of this study was to examine the long-term effect of warming wheat pollard by autoclave to obtain potentially prebiotic monomers. The study used a completely randomized design pattern in the same direction with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The parameters observed were water content, ash, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, extract without nitrogen, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, gross energy, mannosa, arabinose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose, amylose, starch, amylopectin, resistance starch and wheat pollard profile through scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that there was a treatment effect (p <0.05) on moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, BETN, NDF, hemicellulose, lignin, cellulose, gros energy, raffinose, glucose, arabinose, sucrose, amylose, starch, amylopectin , resistance starch but in crude fat, ADF and mannose did not have a significant effect (p>0.05). The indicator of wheat pollard as a prebiotic is seen from an increase in raffinose, arabinose and resistance starch levels of 0.72% to 3.95%; 0.51% to 1.04%; 0.51% to 1.04% and 5.28% to 14.15%. The conclusion of the study was that wheat pollard which was autoclaved for 15 minutes gave the best composition as a prebiotic.

A scanning electron microscope technique for identifying myelinated axons

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 616-617
Author(s):  
Peter Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Myelin Sheath ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Myelinated Axons ◽  
Unsaturated Lipids ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

A technique is presented here which facilitates the identification of myelinated axons in human spinal nerves and spinal cord using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). By examining the backscattered electron (BSE) image of a modified osmium-thiocarbohydrazide-osmium (OTO) treatment the myelin sheaths of individual axons can be identified.Two factors contribute to this BSE imaging: 1) multiple layers of osmium (mediated by the osmiophilic ligand thiocarbohydrazide, NH2NHCSNHNH2) are deposited in the tissue during the 0T0 treatment, and 2) since the myelin sheath contains the greatest concentration of unsaturated lipids, it incorporates more osmium than any other neural structure. This enhanced mass-density of the myelin sheath will then be imaged in the BSE mode of the SEM as a brighter area due to the greater number of primary electrons being backscattered by the osmium.

The Alteration of the Pore Spaces in Sandstones

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
R. E. Ferrell ◽  
G. G. Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Depositional Fabric ◽  
Soluble Components ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Shape And Size

The pore spaces in sandstones are the result of the original depositional fabric and the degree of post-depositional alteration that the rock has experienced. The largest pore volumes are present in coarse-grained, well-sorted materials with high sphericity. The chief mechanisms which alter the shape and size of the pores are precipitation of cementing agents and the dissolution of soluble components. Each process may operate alone or in combination with the other, or there may be several generations of cementation and solution.The scanning electron microscope has ‘been used in this study to reveal the morphology of the pore spaces in a variety of moderate porosity, orthoquartzites.

The Broad Applications of the Scanning Electron Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
C. T. Nightingale ◽  
S. E. Summers ◽  
T. P. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Pictorial Representations ◽  
Scanning Electron

The ease of operation of the scanning electron microscope has insured its wide application in medicine and industry. The micrographs are pictorial representations of surface topography obtained directly from the specimen. The need to replicate is eliminated. The great depth of field and the high resolving power provide far more information than light microscopy.

Observability of Very Thick Specimen by Using Transmission Scanning Electron Microscope

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
K. Shibatomi ◽  
T. Yamanoto ◽  
H. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Thick Specimen ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the observation of a thick specimen by means of a transmission electron microscope, the intensity of electrons passing through the objective lens aperture is greatly reduced. So that the image is almost invisible. In addition to this fact, it have been reported that a chromatic aberration causes the deterioration of the image contrast rather than that of the resolution. The scanning electron microscope is, however, capable of electrically amplifying the signal of the decreasing intensity, and also free from a chromatic aberration so that the deterioration of the image contrast due to the aberration can be prevented. The electrical improvement of the image quality can be carried out by using the fascionating features of the SEM, that is, the amplification of a weak in-put signal forming the image and the descriminating action of the heigh level signal of the background. This paper reports some of the experimental results about the thickness dependence of the observability and quality of the image in the case of the transmission SEM.

Resolution of a Transmitted Electron Image Formed by A Scanning Electron Microscope

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 386-387
Author(s):  
S. Takashima ◽  
H. Hashimoto ◽  
S. Kimoto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Probe Diameter ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Conventional Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron

The resolution of a conventional transmission electron microscope (TEM) deteriorates as the specimen thickness increases, because chromatic aberration of the objective lens is caused by the energy loss of electrons). In the case of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), chromatic aberration does not exist as the restrictive factor for the resolution of the transmitted electron image, for the SEM has no imageforming lens. It is not sure, however, that the equal resolution to the probe diameter can be obtained in the case of a thick specimen. To study the relation between the specimen thickness and the resolution of the trans-mitted electron image obtained by the SEM, the following experiment was carried out.

Characterization of Sputtered Films using the Scanning Electron Microscope

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
R. F. Schneidmiller ◽  
W. F. Thrower ◽  
C. Ang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Sputtered Films ◽  
Plasma Sputtering ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Control Film ◽  
Scanning Electron

Solid state materials in the form of thin films have found increasing structural and electronic applications. Among the multitude of thin film deposition techniques, the radio frequency induced plasma sputtering has gained considerable utilization in recent years through advances in equipment design and process improvement, as well as the discovery of the versatility of the process to control film properties. In our laboratory we have used the scanning electron microscope extensively in the direct and indirect characterization of sputtered films for correlation with their physical and electrical properties.Scanning electron microscopy is a powerful tool for the examination of surfaces of solids and for the failure analysis of structural components and microelectronic devices.

Field Emission SEM Equipped With Noise Compensator

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 302-303
Author(s):  
S. Saito ◽  
H. Todokoro ◽  
S. Nomura ◽  
T. Komoda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Probe Current ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Scanning Electron

Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) features extremely high resolution images, and offers many valuable information. But, for a specimen which gives low contrast images, lateral stripes appear in images. These stripes are resulted from signal fluctuations caused by probe current noises. In order to obtain good images without stripes, the fluctuations should be less than 1%, especially for low contrast images. For this purpose, the authors realized a noise compensator, and applied this to the FESEM.Fig. 1 shows an outline of FESEM equipped with a noise compensator. Two apertures are provided gust under the field emission gun.

Visualization of Internal Skin Structures with the Scanning Electron Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
Emil Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Pig Skin ◽  
Realistic Picture ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Scanning Electron

An interesting method for examining structures in g. pig skin has been developed. By modifying an existing technique for splitting skin into its two main components—epidermis and dermis—we can in effect create new surfaces which can be examined with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Although this method is not offered as a complete substitute for sectioning, it provides the investigator with a means for examining certain structures such as hair follicles and glands intact. The great depth of field of the SEM complements the technique so that a very “realistic” picture of the organ is obtained.

Fine structure of the retina of the giant scallop, Placopecten magellanicus

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
C.V.L. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Eye Development ◽  
Preliminary Observation ◽  
Columnar Epithelium ◽  
Placopecten Magellanicus ◽  
Environmental Light ◽  
Scanning Electron

The overall fine structure of the eye in Placopecten is similar to that of other scallops. The optic tentacle consists of an outer columnar epithelium which is modified into a pigmented iris and a cornea (Fig. 1). This capsule encloses the cellular lens, retina, reflecting argentea and the pigmented tapetum. The retina is divided into two parts (Fig. 2). The distal retina functions in the detection of movement and the proximal retina monitors environmental light intensity. The purpose of the present study is to describe the ultrastructure of the retina as a preliminary observation on eye development. This is also the first known presentation of scanning electron microscope studies of the eye of the scallop.

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