scholarly journals UKRAINIAN OIKONYMS MOTIVATED BY PLANT NAMES: STRUCTURAL, WORD-FORMATION AND MORPHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Maksym Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Current List

The article analyzes structural, word-formation and morphological peculiarities of Ukrainian oikonyms motivated by plant names. The conducted research of fixed in the «History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR» and «Administrative and Territorial System of Ukraine» for 2019 (current list of Ukrainian oikonyms) confirmed the opinion of many linguists that the most productive way of creating names of settlements is the suffixation, on the other hand, far fewer units are formed with the help of compounding and prefixation. The following groups were distinguished on the basis of the analysis of oikonym-phrases formed from plant names: oikonym-phrase in which the noun is motivated by the plant name and the adjective indicates colour; oikonym-phrases in which one of the components is in the most cases an adjective motivated by plant name, and the main noun is one of the types of landscape, etc. We have considered some interesting oikonym-phrases which occur in all regions of Ukraine, for example, с. Кисла Дубина, с. Красні Лози, с. Мокра Рокитна etc. Some of the names of settlements have been significantly influenced by the Russian language, especially at the morphological level.

scholarly journals UKRAINIAN OIKONYMS MOTIVATED BY PLANT NAMES AS THE SOURCE OF STUDYING HISTORY OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksym Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
The World ◽  
Regional Specificity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Current List

The article analyzes the Ukrainian oikonyms motivated by plant names as an important source of studying the historical development of the Ukrainian language. It also identifies a number of extralinguistic factors that had a direct impact on the naming processes. The units, fixed in the «History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR» and «Administrative and Territorial System of Ukraine» for 2019 (current list of Ukrainian oykonyms), give an opportunity to trace the dynamics of the Ukrainian oykonymikon motivated by plant names and investigate certain phenomena of the history of the Ukrainian language reflected in the names of Ukrainian settlements. The studied units record the old phonetic features: the absence or presence of prosthetic sounds, the phenomenon of forthcoming vowels in the unstressed position, the simplification in the groups of consonants, the phenomenon of sound combinations rо, lо, ra, la, rе, lе and others. In addition, the lexical features of the oikonyms motivated by plant names, which as wide as possible reflect the specifics of the lingual model of the world of our ancestors, are noticeable. Plant names of folk origin, as well as the precedent plant names, which are an integral part of Ukrainian ethno- and linguoculture, were the motivational basis for the creation of a large part of the oikonyms. The emergence of oikonyms motivated by plant names in the Eastern and Southern regions of Ukraine is characterized by the significant influence of the Russian language. Taking into account the heterogeneity of the names of settlements, due to the wide zoning of certain parts of Ukraine, as well as the territorial features of the relievo, flora and fauna, we also have analyzed the regional specificity of oikonyms motivated by plant names. In this case dialect traits, which are widely represented in the names of Ukrainian cities and villages, serve as narrow regional markers and make it possible to compare the outlook and specific thinking of our ancestors who lived within different territories of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Structural-typological description of beekeeping terms in the Kumyk, Russian and English languages

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Umsalimat Bagautdinovna Abdullabekova
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Russian Language

The subject of this research is the word-forming structure of beekeeping terms in the Kumyk, Russian and English languages. The article describes the distinctive features of terminological word formation in the area of “beekeeping” in the aforementioned languages. For determining the type of word formation, the author uses the number and composition of the components. The similarities in common literary and terminological word formation are identified. It is demonstrated that in the corresponding terminology of the Kumyk language prevail the terminological phrases. The prevalence of phrases in the  languages under reviews is explained by the fact that the term not only denotes the concept, but to a certain extent reflects to its content. This requires the creation of mainly terms-phrases that can reflect the characteristics of the concept to the fullest. On the other hand, the growing number of terminological phrases in the Kumyk language indicates that beekeeping terms in the Kumyk language are translated from the Russian language, therefore part of the terms first appear as a result of clarification of their meaning. Whole terms comprise approximately 30% of all terms of the corpus. These terms are naturally included in the terminological phrases as the nuclear words and defining in the terminological phrases. In beekeeping terminology of tge Kumyk and English languages, prevail N/R + N/R models, which the authors believe is a reflection of common literary word formation.

scholarly journals VOCABULARY OF YAMSKOY [COACHMAN’s] AND IZVOZNY [CABMAN’s] CARRIER’S TRADE: HISTORICO-DERIVIATIONAL ASPECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127-1142
Author(s):  
S.G. Sheidayeva
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Conceptual Representations ◽  
The Road ◽  
Russian Word ◽  
History Of ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The One ◽  
Universal Pattern ◽  
The Russian Language

Based on the material from the Russian commercial written records of the XVI-XVII centuries, this article examines semantic and derivational features of the vocabulary of the yamskoy [coachman’s] and izvoznyi [cabman’s] carrier’s trade. In terms of content, the words of these two professional spheres have much in common since the main occupation of yamshchiki [coachmen] and izvozchiki [cabmen] was transportation of people or goods by horse; here are used the names of characters, vehicles, travel modes, types of transported objects. The history of fixing of the words yamshchik [coachman] and izvozchik [cabman] in the Russian language reflects the universal pattern of changing the names of persons ending in -nik by the nouns ending in -shchik /chik ( yamnik - yamshchik [coachman], izvoznik - izvozchik [cabman]). At the same time, the categorical difference in the original names that were at the beginning of the word-formation chains caused a difference in the semantic development of the names of doers: in one case, this is a spatial nomination of yama [Russian word for a ‘pit’] denoting a "station on the road" (> yamchi, yamskoy > yamshchik [coachman]); in another one it is a designation of a movement in space izvoziti [Russian obsolete word for ‘to carry’] (> izvoz > izvozchik [cabman]). In this regard, the names of persons right from the beginning differed in their conceptual representations of the doers: yamshchik [coachman] is the one who moves along the road, and izvozchik [cabman] is the one who “carries” something both on land and on water (like a carrier). Different communicative spheres of yamskoy [coachman’s] (gonny [riding fast] ) and izvozny [cabman’s] carrier’s trade gave birth to specific names of transportation: gon’ba [fast ride] and izvoz [carriage], which had clear internal forms: the first one was motivated by the verb gonyati [Russian obsolete word for ‘to ride fast", and the second one - by the verb izvoziti [Russian obsolete word for ‘to carry outwards’] (cargo, goods).

scholarly journals Nouns of Religion Semantic Field with Suffix -stv/о/ in the Russian of 18th Century (Examplified by Lexicographic Works of the Civil Press)

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-74
Author(s):  
Sergey Feliksov
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language

The article deals with the history of religious style formation in the Russian language. The research considers nouns of religion semantic field with a suffix -stv/о/, recorded in the 18 th century Russian lexicographic works of civil press, which provide detailed representationof confessional vocabulary – The Church Dictionaryby archpriest Peter Alekseev (1773–1794), The Short Slavic Dictionary by abbot Evgeny (Romanov) (1784) and The Dictionary of the Russian Academy (1789–1794). The paper features peculiarities in word-formation and semantic structure of nouns with a suffix -stv/о/ belonging to religion semantic field.Their lexical and grammatical categories as well as thematic groups are described.The neologisms that appeared in the 18 th century within these groups are revealed. Active development of word-formation models, arising in Russian in that period, has contributed to emerging word-formation patternsfor the nouns of religion semantic field with a suffix -stv/о/, which have been established and analyzed. It is shown that despite the notable competition caused by existence of synonymous derivatives, nouns of religion semantic field with a suffix -stv/о/ have sufficient representation in the dictionary system of the Russian language of the 18 th century, forming a special layer of confessional vocabulary. It should be noted, that the abovementioned word class, as well as Russian religious style as a whole, was going through the process of active formationin the 18 th century.

scholarly journals Mathematical Methods for the Study of Toponims with Lost Semantics

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-187
Author(s):  
Andrey Borovsky ◽  
Elena Rakovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Vector Model ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Spiritual Leader ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Language

The article discusses methods for restoring the lost meaning of old toponyms. This task can be solved using a systematic approach. The study used methods of permutation and transformation of consonants in the backbone of a toponym, methods of di- and trichotomy of a word, formation of a table of all possible transformants, a method for finding associates for all transformants of a word using the vector model of the Russian language, a method for clustering the found associates, a method for determining the frequency of repetition of associates in the corpus of the Russian language, which allows you to calculate the probabilities of the appearance of various clusters, a method of lexical analysis of Old Church Slavonic languages, including Old Russian and Sanskrit. The use of a set of methods made it possible to restore the lost meaning of the toponym Moscow. It turned out that with a probability of more than 80 % the name of our capital goes back to the name of the commander and spiritual leader of the first half of the 15th century, who had the nicknames Mosokh, Meshekh, Moses Khan (Prince). The army of medieval Russia (Tatar-Mongolia) created by this man defeated Byzantium and subjugated Western Europe. During the Romanov dynasty, Western European scholars-Russophobes deleted the name of the commander from the history of Russia. As a result, the toponym Moscow has lost its original meaning. The article also restored the lost meaning of the two most important toponyms of Eastern Siberia - Lake Baikal and the Angara River. It turned out that the lake got its name from the old Russian exclamation Bai-ka-al = ay, how divine! The name of the Angara River in Old Russian means the mountains of Christ.

scholarly journals Chapter 15. Epilogue: Reflections on a Triangle

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Nesset
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Font Size ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Looking Back

<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;">Welcome to the other side! Thanks for travelling in time with me. Whether you read the whole book from beginning to end or just read selected chapters or sections, I hope you know more about the history of the Russian language than you did before you started reading. I will not review the contents of the book here, since each chapter contains a detailed summary. Instead, I offer some reflections on the three kinds of information you find in this book, and the relationship between them. Thinking about these issues will help you to go further in your study of the history of Russian – and historical linguistics in general.</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;">Click on the links below to learn more!</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3505/159"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;">15 Looking back</span></span></a></p>

scholarly journals Orðið kýrskýr: Merking og myndun

Orð og tunga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Margrét Jónsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Compound Word ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metaphorical Extension

The Icelandic adjective, kýrskýr, (kýr ‘cow’, skýr ‘clear, sharp, intelligent’) merits atten-tion for a number of reasons. According to sources, the oldest written examples are from the latt er part of the 20th century. However, the word could be older. This article undertakes the task of writing the history of this adjective, considering its meaning and formation. The following issues are dealt with:a. Normally, the adjective kýrskýr has the meaning ‘(very)clear, sharp, intelligent’, referring to persons or matters. Furthermore, examples show that the adjective is most commonly used in the construction e-ð er kýrskýrt ‘sth is (very) clear’.b. The adjective kýrskýr is also known in the meaning of ‘stupid’, referring to per-sons only. As a matter of fact, this seems to be the older meaning.c. The formation of kýrskýr is not clear and it could be argued that there is a relationship between the word formation and the meaning of the word. In the sense of ‘stupid’, kýrskýr is a compound word of the type N+A. On the other hand, the forma-tion of kýrskýr in the meaning ‘(very) clear, sharp, intelligent’ is not clear. It could be considered a compound word, having undergone a metaphorical extension. Or, it could be argued that kýr- is a prefi xoid with the head skýr. In that case, the question of the function of the rhyme, kýr and skýr, arises.

scholarly journals “Imaginary Lines”: Sources of St. John of the Cross by D.S. Merezhkovsky

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-245
Author(s):  
Maria Yu. Ignatieva (Oganissian)
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complete List ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Cross ◽  
John Of The Cross ◽  
The One ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Insight Into

St. John of the Cross is the second part of the trilogy by D.S. Merezhkovsky dedicated to the saints of the Carmelite order. This trilogy is Merezhkovsky’s last work and is the only novelistic description of the life and views of John of the Cross (1542–1591) in the Russian language. The article analyzes the features of the sources that the writer used in preparing his biography: French editions of St. John’s works, the biography of father Bruno (1929), and the monograph by Jean Barusi (1924) as well as the ways of working with these sources. The article provides a complete list of sources that appear in the notes and footnotes to the novel and analyzes those publications that the author actually worked with. Of particular importance is the source referenced by Merezhkovsky himself — the author’s “apocryph,” which provided him with a deeper insight into the life and work of John of the Cross. The article analyzes some of these “apocryphal” ideas (in particular, the figure of the Materefather, the idea of divine matrimony, and “the abyss of contradictions”) and shows the ways of dealing with sources when constructing these apocryphs: association of ideas, hyperbolization, decontextualization, etc. The article argues that Merezhkovsky’s approach was literary in its essence: on the one hand, there is his “captivation by the words and reflections” (N.A. Berdyaev), on the other hand, there is ecstasy as both the theme and the technique of this biography. The study allows to better understand the late Merezhkovsky, and also to correct important author’s statements about the personality and the views of John of the Cross.

scholarly journals Orthographic destabilization in the Russian language in the early XXI century

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Marina Sergeevna Kosyreva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global English ◽  
New Words ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
The One ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Over Time

This article analyzes the phenomenon of orthographic destabilization in the Russian language in the early XXI century. The phonic and graphic word forms compete in the process of phonetic-graphic adaptation of global lexis to the conditions of the accepting language. The spring to life of the loanword in the new orthographic conditions is associated with variability of the form. Over time, the form of the word stabilizes, resulting in formal de-barbarization of the loanword. In the early XXI century, certain lexical globalisms retain variability even after codification in the normative and specialized dictionaries. The concept of overcoming the variability of orthographic norm in the conditions of linguistic globalization is not being fully implemented, causing orthographic destabilization. On the one hand, the rollback to orthographic variability demonstrates complex vicissitudes of the formation of speech culture of the era of linguistic globalization, while on the other hand is substantiated by specificity of the mechanisms of phonetic-graphic adaptation of loanwords in the Russian language. The variability expands due to the adaptation of new words from the global English departs from the existing orthographic rules. The author demonstrates the phenomenon of orthographic destabilization using the representative examples; as well as concludes that it is of destructive nature, and should be overcome by hewing to the relevant orthographic trends and rules.

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