Duration of the growth phase in cases of ice deposits of category SHP (spontaneous) in the territory of Ukraine in the months of the cold period of the year during 1991–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Svitlana Pyasetska
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Ice Storms ◽  
Long Duration

The data on the duration of the growth phase of cases of ice storms of the category of SHР in the territory of Ukraine for certain periods of time during 1991–2016 in the month of the cold period of the year and the separate months of the transitional seasons are considered. It has been established that the duration of the growth phase varies from a few hours to several dozen and sometimes hundreds of hours in a row. It was found that, for the most part, slight duration of the growth phase of icing of the category of SHP is predominant. They are usually calculated several dozens of hours, but there are longer ones. The most prolonged were the growth phases in the cases of ice deposits in the category of SHP in the winter months. You can make a number of conclusions from the conducted research, such as: – The duration of the growth phase of ice-oily deposits in the category of SHP is within a fairly wide time range from several hours to tens or hundreds of hours, depending on the current conditions. – It has been established that for the most part, the duration of the growth phase of ice deposits is insignificant and lasts from several hours to several dozens of hours, regardless of the place where the sediment was formed. - Most often, longer phases of growth are observed in the months of the winter season, especially in January and December, as well as in November. This refers to the 1991–2000 and 2001–2010 periods. - The most prolonged phases of the accumulation of ice deposits of the CSF category, which exceeded 48 hours in a row, were observed during 1991-2000 in February 1995 at MS Play, November 1991 and 2000 in Lyubashivka, 1999 in Mariupol, November 2000, in Razdelna and Nova Ushytsia, December 1992 in Lyubashitsa, December 1997 in Pomechna, Kryvyi Rih and Loshkarovka. During 2001–2010, the longest phases of the increase in ice deposits of the CSF category were observed in January and December 2007 at MS Play, December 2007 in Debaltseve, 2008 in Ovruch, Vinnytsia. During 2011-2016, cases of ice deposition with such prolonged phases of an increase in ice of the SНР category were observed in Poltava in January 2013. – For cases where the duration of the growth phase of ice deposits was negligible, it would have a long duration of the preservation and destruction phase. Because due to the considerable duration of this phase, the danger of emergency situations in the ice-and-frost deposits depending on the sectors of the economy will increase.

scholarly journals Rapid in vitro selection of salt-tolerant genotypes of the potentially medicinal plant Centaurium maritimum (L.) fritsch

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Misic ◽  
B. Siler ◽  
Biljana Filipovic ◽  
Zorica Popovic ◽  
Suzana Zivkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Selection Of

We investigated differences of salinity tolerance between 'salt-tolerant' (ST) and 'salt-sensitive' (SS) genotypes of yellow centaury [Centaurium maritimum (L.) Fritsch] selected during the germination phase. The ability of in vitro cultured C. maritimum to complete the whole ontogenetic cycle in less than 6 months enabled us to deterine salinity tolerance during different growth phases. Based on the physiological attributes measured in this study (growth, morphogenesis, photosynthesis, flowering, seed germination), it can be concluded that C. maritimum genotypes differing in salinity tolerance showed a variable response to elevated salt concentrations during both the vegetative and the generative growth phase.

scholarly journals Physiology regulates the relationship between coccosphere geometry and growth phase in coccolithophores

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1493-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosie M. Sheward ◽  
Alex J. Poulton ◽  
Samantha J. Gibbs ◽  
Chris J. Daniels ◽  
Paul R. Bown
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Phase Shifts ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Nutrient Depletion ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Phytoplankton Group

Abstract. Coccolithophores are an abundant phytoplankton group that exhibit remarkable diversity in their biology, ecology and calcitic exoskeletons (coccospheres). Their extensive fossil record is a testament to their important biogeochemical role and is a valuable archive of biotic responses to environmental change stretching back over 200 million years. However, to realise the full potential of this archive for (palaeo-)biology and biogeochemistry requires an understanding of the physiological processes that underpin coccosphere architecture. Using culturing experiments on four modern coccolithophore species (Calcidiscus leptoporus, Calcidiscus quadriperforatus, Helicosphaera carteri and Coccolithus braarudii) from three long-lived families, we investigate how coccosphere architecture responds to shifts from exponential (rapid cell division) to stationary (slowed cell division) growth phases as cell physiology reacts to nutrient depletion. These experiments reveal statistical differences in coccosphere size and the number of coccoliths per cell between these two growth phases, specifically that cells in exponential-phase growth are typically smaller with fewer coccoliths, whereas cells experiencing growth-limiting nutrient depletion have larger coccosphere sizes and greater numbers of coccoliths per cell. Although the exact numbers are species-specific, these growth-phase shifts in coccosphere geometry demonstrate that the core physiological responses of cells to nutrient depletion result in increased coccosphere sizes and coccoliths per cell across four different coccolithophore families (Calcidiscaceae, Coccolithaceae, Isochrysidaceae and Helicosphaeraceae), a representative diversity of this phytoplankton group. Building on this, the direct comparison of coccosphere geometries in modern and fossil coccolithophores enables a proxy for growth phase to be developed that can be used to investigate growth responses to environmental change throughout their long evolutionary history. Our data also show that changes in growth rate and coccoliths per cell associated with growth-phase shifts can substantially alter cellular calcite production. Coccosphere geometry is therefore a valuable tool for accessing growth information in the fossil record, providing unprecedented insights into the response of species to environmental change and the potential biogeochemical consequences.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF A JAVANESE TURMERIC ETHANOL EXTRACT FOR ERADICATING STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS BIOFILMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
DEWI FATMA SUNIARTI ◽  
AGOENG TJAHAJANI SARWONO ◽  
MARINA ROSYANA
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Growth Phases

Objective: We aimed to determine the effectiveness of an identified Javanese turmeric ethanolic extract (IIJTEE) for eradicating biofilms formed byStreptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, or both.Methods: Such biofilms during different growth phases were exposed to various concentrations of an IJTEE to determine its effects on bacterialproliferation.Results: The effectiveness of the IJTEE in eradicating the S. mutans biofilm was concentration-dependent but not when used to treat P. gingivalis andS. mutans - P. gingivalis biofilms.Conclusion: The effectiveness of the IJTEE for eradicating biofilms formed by S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and S. mutans plus P. gingivalis biofilms dependedon the growth phase of the biofilm. Thus, IJTEE eradicated biofilms formed by S. mutans, P. gingivalis, or both.

Evaluation of Anabaena flos-aquae as a precursor for trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Huang ◽  
N. Graham ◽  
M. R. Templeton ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
C. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Haloacetic Acid ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Disinfection Byproduct ◽  
Extracellular Organic Matter ◽  
Axenic Conditions

This paper summarizes an investigation of a common blue–green algae species, Anabaena flos-aquae, as a precursor substrate in the formation of trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA) compounds during chlorination. The algae were cultured under controlled and axenic conditions throughout all four growth phases and samples taken during these phases were subjected to chlorination to determine disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation potentials. Algal cells and extracted extracellular organic matter (EOM) of Anabaena showed a comparable ability to form THM and HAA compounds as humic and fulvic acids. Overall yields of total THM (4) and HAA (9) compounds were closely related to the growth phase, with peak formation in the late exponential-stationary phases. Specific (normalized) DBP yields (yield/unit C) were in the range of 2–11 μmol/mmol C for TTHM and 2–17 μmol/mmol C for THAA. The presence of bromide appeared to increase TTHM formation and decrease THAA formation, thereby leading to a shift in the DBP species from HAA to THM compounds. The distribution of HAA species varied with growth phase. Monochloroacetic acid was found to be the dominant HAA species during the lag and early exponential phases, and a prominent compound in the later growth phases.

Variability of neuD transcription levels and capsular sialic acid expression among serotype III group B Streptococcus strains

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (12) ◽  
pp. 3282-3291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Frédérique Lartigue ◽  
Agnès Fribourg Poulard ◽  
Rim Al Safadi ◽  
Hélène Pailhories ◽  
Anne-Sophie Domelier-Valentin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Neonatal Meningitis ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Group B

Serotype III group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the major cause of neonatal meningitis, but the risk of infection in the colonized neonates is variable. Capsular sialic acid (Sia), whose synthesis is encoded by neu genes, appears to be a major virulence factor in several bacterial species able to reach the cerebrospinal fluid. Therefore, variations of Sia expression related to the genetic diversity of strains may have an impact on the risk of meningitis in colonized neonates. We characterized by MLST the phylogenetic diversity of 64 serotype III GBS strains isolated from vaginal flora and randomly selected. These strains mostly belonged to three major sequence types (STs): ST1 (11 %), ST17 (39 %) and ST19 (31 %). The genetic diversity of strains of these lineages, characterized by PFGE, allowed the selection of 17 representative strains, three ST1, six ST17 and eight ST19, with NEM316 as reference, in order to evaluate (i) by quantitative RT-PCR, the level of transcription of the neuD gene as a marker for the transcription of neu genes and (ii) by enzymological analysis, the expression of Sia. The mean transcription level of neuD was higher for ST17 strains than for ST1 and ST19 strains in the early, mid- and late exponential growth phases, and was maximum in the early exponential growth phase for ST17 strains and in the mid-exponential growth phase for ST1 and ST19 strains. Mean Sia concentration was higher for ST17 than for ST1 and ST9 strains in all three growth phases. For the total population, Sia concentration varied notably in the stationary phase, from 0.38 to 9.30 nmol per 108 viable bacteria, with a median value of 2.99 nmol per 108 bacteria. All ST17 strains, only one-third of the ST19 strains and none of the ST1 strains had Sia concentrations higher than the median Sia concentration. Therefore, differences in the level of expression of Sia by strains of the major serotype III GBS phylogenetic lineages might be one of the factors that explain the leading role of ST17 strains in neonatal meningitis.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibilities of Sporothrix schenckii in Two Growth Phases

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 3952-3954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Trilles ◽  
Belkys Fernández-Torres ◽  
Márcia dos Santos Lazéra ◽  
Bodo Wanke ◽  
Armando de Oliveira Schubach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Microdilution Method

ABSTRACT We have determined the antifungal susceptibilities of 34 clinical isolates of the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii to 11 drugs using a microdilution method. In general, the type of growth phase (mycelial or yeast) and the temperature of incubation (30 or 35°C) exerted a significant influence on the MICs.

Climate effects on crop yields in the Northeast Farming Region of China during 1961–2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (7) ◽  
pp. 1190-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. G. YIN ◽  
J. E. OLESEN ◽  
M. WANG ◽  
I. ÖZTÜRK ◽  
F. CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Flowering Phase

SUMMARYCrop production in the Northeast Farming Region of China (NFR) is affected considerably by variation in climatic conditions. Data on crop yield and weather conditions from a number of agro-meteorological stations in NFR were used in a mixed linear model to evaluate the impacts of climatic variables on the yield of maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in different crop growth phases. The crop growing season was divided into three growth phases based on the average crop phenological dates from records covering 1981 and 2010 at each station, comprising pre-flowering (from sowing to just prior to flowering), flowering (20 days around flowering) and post-flowering (10 days after flowering to maturity). The climatic variables were mean minimum temperature, thermal time (which is used to indicate changes in the length of growth cycles), average daily solar radiation, accumulated precipitation, aridity index (which is used to assess drought stress) and heat degree-days index (HDD) (which is used to indicate heat stress) were calculated for each growth phase and year. Over the 1961–2010 period, the minimum temperature increased significantly in each crop growth phase, the thermal time increased significantly in the pre-flowering phase of each crop and in the post-flowering phases of maize, rice and soybean, and HDD increased significantly in the pre-flowering phase of soybean and wheat. Average solar radiation decreased significantly in the pre-flowering phase of all four crops and in the flowering phase of soybean and wheat. Precipitation increased during the pre-flowering phase leading to less aridity, whereas reduced precipitation in the flowering and post-flowering phases enhanced aridity. Statistical analyses indicated that higher minimum temperature was beneficial for maize, rice and soybean yields, whereas increased temperature reduced wheat yield. Higher solar radiation in the pre-flowering phase was beneficial for maize yield, in the post-flowering phase for wheat yield, whereas higher solar radiation in the flowering phase reduced rice yield. Increased aridity in the pre-flowering and flowering phases severely reduced maize yield, higher aridity in the flowering and post-flowering phases reduced rice yield, and aridity in all growth phases reduced soybean and wheat yields. Higher HDD in all growth phases reduced maize and soybean yield and HDD in the pre-flowering phase reduced rice yield. Such effects suggest that projected future climate change may have marked effects on crop yield through effects of several climatic variables, calling for adaptation measures such as breeding and changes in crop, soil and agricultural water management.

scholarly journals Plasmid transfer in planktonically-grown cultures and biofilms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Shamsad
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Significant Difference

Conjugation of plasmids is widespread among bacteria and contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistance. In the natural environment, microorganisms predominantly exist in the form of biofilms or other bioaggregates, where they may be exposed to contaminants such as antibiotics, at subinhibitory concentrations. Bacterial cells in older biofilms have lower growth activity due to oxygen and nutrient limitation in the deeper layers of the biofilms. In batch culture, population growth eventually ceases during the stationary phase. Thus, the steady state of biofilms may resemble stationary growth phase cultures. Our objectives were to study (i) the effect of cell growth phases and (ii) subinhibitory and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics on transconjugant formation in both batch cultures and biofilms. Additionally, (iii) the effect of variable nutrient concentrations on MIC was investigated and (iv) an optimization of RT-PCR method for the detection of traA gene (which encodes pilus biosynthesis) expression was carried out. To study the effect of cell growth phases on transconjugant formation, plate matings were carried out utilizing planktonic cultures grown to exponential or stationary phase of donor and recipient strains. The results showed that transconjugant abundance was the highest (20± 0.08%) when both plasmid donor and recipient cells were grown to the stationary phase. However, the growth phase of the donor did not seem to play a role in biofilms. When donor cells were harvested from either the exponential or stationary phase of growth, and inoculated into 24 h old recipient biofilms, there was no statistically significant difference between transconjugant abundance. A higher percentage of transconjugants was detected in plate matings when the donor was exposed to 0.5× minimum inhibitory concentration of gentamicin and additionally challenged with gentamicin at MIC. In biofilms, transconjugant formation was not enhanced when the donor cells were grown with 0.5× MIC gentamicin, and 0.5× MIC gentamicin was added to the biofilms. A decrease in nutrient concentration was associated with a decrease in the MIC. traA expression, detected using RT-PCR in plasmid donor cells grown to early exponential and late exponential phases did not coincide with an increase in transconjugants.

Effect of bacterial growth stage on resistance to chlorine disinfection

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cherchi ◽  
A. Z. Gu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
The Impact

The mechanisms and factors that affect microbial resistance to chlorine disinfection have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the impact of the cell growth stage on chlorine disinfection efficiency. Specifically, we evaluated the impact of the growth stage on chlorination resistance by comparing the inactivation efficiencies of two indicator bacterial strains (Escherichia coli K12 and Escherichia coli 0157:H7) obtained from various growth phases, using Chick-Watson kinetic parameters. For both E. coli strains (K12 and 0157:H7), the inactivation rate constants are the lowest at stationary phase (0.19 and 0.32) compared to those at initial lag (0.54 and 0.76) and exponential growth phase (0.63 and 0.69), respectively. These results suggested that the abundance of resistant subpopulations increases at stressed stationary conditions and E. coli cells obtained from the stationary growth phase exhibited more resistance and lower inactivation efficiency compared to those from the lag and exponential phases. This implies that microbes in wastewater treatment process with varying solids retention times (SRTs, which indicate growth rates) may show different extents of chlorine resistance. Comparison of the coefficient of dilution (n) values in both E. coli strains for the various growth phases suggest that cells seem to be more sensitive to disinfectant concentration at the stationary-lag phase than that at the exponential stage. Comparing the two E. coli strains, higher inactivation rates were observed for the pathogenic O157:H7 than for K12 at different stages of growth. The strain-to-strain variability in survivability to chlorine exposure has to be considered when selecting indicator microorganisms for water quality monitoring.

Internet Financial Innovation Based on Enterprise Growth Cycle for the Small and Medium Enterprises

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 5386-5389
Author(s):  
Yi Qing Lu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Financial Innovation ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Enterprise Growth ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Financing is always a big problem in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in our country. It’s necessary to develop Internet financial to support the development of real economy and improve SME’s financing situation. In this paper, an analysis of the SME’s financing innovation is described and then an internet financing innovation which is oriented to growth phase SME is proposed, in order to better meet SME’s financing requirement in different growth phases.

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