Evaluation of Anabaena flos-aquae as a precursor for trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Huang ◽  
N. Graham ◽  
M. R. Templeton ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
C. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Haloacetic Acid ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Disinfection Byproduct ◽  
Extracellular Organic Matter ◽  
Axenic Conditions

This paper summarizes an investigation of a common blue–green algae species, Anabaena flos-aquae, as a precursor substrate in the formation of trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA) compounds during chlorination. The algae were cultured under controlled and axenic conditions throughout all four growth phases and samples taken during these phases were subjected to chlorination to determine disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation potentials. Algal cells and extracted extracellular organic matter (EOM) of Anabaena showed a comparable ability to form THM and HAA compounds as humic and fulvic acids. Overall yields of total THM (4) and HAA (9) compounds were closely related to the growth phase, with peak formation in the late exponential-stationary phases. Specific (normalized) DBP yields (yield/unit C) were in the range of 2–11 μmol/mmol C for TTHM and 2–17 μmol/mmol C for THAA. The presence of bromide appeared to increase TTHM formation and decrease THAA formation, thereby leading to a shift in the DBP species from HAA to THM compounds. The distribution of HAA species varied with growth phase. Monochloroacetic acid was found to be the dominant HAA species during the lag and early exponential phases, and a prominent compound in the later growth phases.

Coagulation in Drinking Water Treatment: Particles, Organics and Coagulants

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Edzwald
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Extracellular Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Particles ◽  
Hydrophobic Acids

A review of coagulation in drinking water treatment is presented. The paper emphasizes the importance of raw water chemistry, natural organic matter (NOM) concentration and type, and the chemistry of coagulants. Mineral and organic particles may be stable in water due to electrostatic charge interactions, hydrophilic effects, or to steric interactions from adsorbed macromolecules. NOM rather than particles initially in water supplies can control coagulant dosages and selection. MOM consists of a mixture of various organic compounds including hydrophobic (humic and fulvic acids) and hydrophilic fractions. The negative charge and chemical structure of the hydrophobic acids affect chemical reactions with coagulants, particularly metal based coagulants. The removal of NOM with Al coagulants can involve hydrolysis, complexation, precipitation, and adsorption reactions. Specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) can be used to estimate whether the NOM of a water is high or low in hydrophobic acids and to estimate removals of DOC by coagulation. Preozonation of water supplies containing algae may lead to microflocculation or impair coagulation depending on algae type, concentration and molecular weight of extracellular organic matter (EOM), and ozone dose.

Evaluation of the Properties of Humus Liquid of Earthworm Eisenia Foetida Obtained from Different Rachis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Remigio Gaibor Fernández ◽  
Abraham Adalberto Bayas Zamora ◽  
Galo Israel Muñoz Sánchez ◽  
Cristhian Adrián Rivas Santacruz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Eisenia Foetida ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
A Value ◽  
The One ◽  
Liquid Slurry

The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the physical characteristics of the vermicompost and the quality of the purine of the red Californian (Eisenia foetida) using different substrates of feed for these worms. For this purpose, nine treatments were studied: 75% African palm rachis + 25% cattle manure, 50% African palm rachis + 50% cattle manure, 25% African palm rachis + 75% livestock manure, 50% manure of cattle, 50% of manure of cattle, 25% of manure of cattle, 50% of manure of cattle, 50% of manure of cattle, 50% of rach of coconut + 50% of manure of Livestock, 25% coccus rachis + 75% livestock manure. The substrate made up of 50% of rachis of coconut and 50% of livestock manure can be used in nurseries or nurseries for being the one that registered a value of pH 7.3 plus the closest to the neutral compared to the others, besides this (75% of oil palm rachis and 25% of cattle manure) showed a higher content of humic and fulvic acids (0.87 and 0.45 p / p, respectively), compounds that are important for agriculture by stimulating plant growth, in addition to this reflection 0.06% sulfur content, 4.0 ppm boron, 7.0 ppm copper, 47.5 ppm iron, 6.0 ppm manganese, with a presence of microorganisms of the species Trichoderma, Penicillium, Cladosporium sp. in amounts of 1.91x105 UFC / ml, however in this substrate was obtained between 13.3 and 43.5% less liquid slurry in Comparison with other treatments.

The impact of humic and fulvic acids on the dynamic properties of liposome membranes: the ESR method

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Man ◽  
Izabella Pisarek ◽  
Michał Braczkowski ◽  
Barbara Pytel ◽  
Ryszard Olchawa
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Degradation and transformation of natural organic matter accountable for disinfection byproduct formations by UV photolysis and UV/chlor(am)ine

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanathip Hirun-Utok ◽  
Songkeart Phattarapattamawong
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Haloacetic Acid ◽  
Uv Photolysis ◽  
Disinfection Byproduct ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
Vacuum Uv ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract This research aimed to investigate the degradation of natural organic matter responsible for the formation of trihalomethane (THM), haloacetic acid (HAA) and haloacetonitrile (HAN) during ultraviolet (UV) photolysis and a co-exposure of UV with chlorine (UV/chlorine) and chloramine (UV/chloramine). Low pressure UV (LPUV) and vacuum UV (VUV) lamps were used for photolysis. VUV and LPUV irradiation changed aromatic/unsaturated structures to aliphatic ones, resulting in decreased THM and HAN formation. Following irradiation for 60 min, LPUV decreased THM and HAN by 16% ± 2% and 20% ± 6%, respectively. VUV decreased THM and HAN formation by 23% ± 3% and 20% ± 8%, respectively. HAA formation increased following photolysis. UV/chlorine treatment decreased THM, HAA and HAN. Higher chlorine doses had an inversely proportional relationship with THM and HAN formation. A chlorine dose of 4 mg·L−1 led to the greatest reductions, corresponding to 42% ± 2%, 10% ± 10% and 18% ± 6% for THM, HAA and HAN, respectively. UV/chloramine decreased the formation of THM more than UV/chlorine. With a chloramine dose of 4 mg·L−1, THM, HAA and HAN formation decreased by 74% ± 10%, 10% ± 10% and 11% ± 10%, respectively. This study showed the potential use of UV/chlor(am)ine for controlling the formation of THM, HAA and HAN.

scholarly journals Rapid in vitro selection of salt-tolerant genotypes of the potentially medicinal plant Centaurium maritimum (L.) fritsch

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Misic ◽  
B. Siler ◽  
Biljana Filipovic ◽  
Zorica Popovic ◽  
Suzana Zivkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Selection Of

We investigated differences of salinity tolerance between 'salt-tolerant' (ST) and 'salt-sensitive' (SS) genotypes of yellow centaury [Centaurium maritimum (L.) Fritsch] selected during the germination phase. The ability of in vitro cultured C. maritimum to complete the whole ontogenetic cycle in less than 6 months enabled us to deterine salinity tolerance during different growth phases. Based on the physiological attributes measured in this study (growth, morphogenesis, photosynthesis, flowering, seed germination), it can be concluded that C. maritimum genotypes differing in salinity tolerance showed a variable response to elevated salt concentrations during both the vegetative and the generative growth phase.

scholarly journals Marine humic and fulvic acids: Their effects on remote sensing of ocean chlorophyll

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall L. Carder ◽  
Robert G. Steward ◽  
George R. Harvey ◽  
Peter B. Ortner
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids

EFFECT OF HUMIC AND FULVIC ACIDS ON MICROBIAL GROWTH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milanka Radulovic ◽  
◽  
Svetlana Mitrovski
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Staphyloccocus Aureus ◽  
Low Ionic Strength ◽  
Strength Medium

Peat is a natural substrate for growth of microorganisms because it is rich in compounds that microorganisms can use as sources of carbon, nitrogen and growth factors. Peat originating from Vlasina lake in Eastern Serbia is especially rich in organic matter. The content of humic substances (humic acid, fulvic acid and humine) is almost twice that found in other peat-rich regions of similar origin and geochemical age. Humic and fluvic acids are known to promote microbial growth. In this work, humic and fulvic acids were first extracted from Vlasina lake peat and then added to minimal medium (synthetic, low ionic strength medium). The humic substances were added separately and combined in a 1:1 ratio by mass to study their individual and combined effect on microbial growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (Gr–), Staphyloccocus aureus (Gr+) i Aureobasidium pullulans, strain CH-1. The microbial growth was measured microspectrophotometrically over a 24-hour period and growth curves were obtained for a range of acid concentrations between 25 µg cm-3 and 100 µg cm-3. It was found that both humic and fulvic acids promote the growth of all three microorganisms by up to a maximum of 40%-80% the extent of which varied with the concentration of the acid and the identity of the microorganism. In general, humic acid was found to result in higher microbial growth (at highest concentrations, up to ~80% for all three microbial species).

Aspects of measurements of the hydrodynamics size and molecular mass distribution of humic and fulvic acids

2007 ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Wolf ◽  
Gunnar Buckau ◽  
Horstr Geckeis ◽  
Ngo Manh Thang ◽  
Enamul Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Molecular Mass Distribution ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids
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