scholarly journals A mí No me Daban Besos. Infancia y Educación de la Masculinidad en la Posguerra Española

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Sonlleva Velasco ◽  
Luis Mariano Torrego Egido
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Memories ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
Male Education ◽  
Franco Dictatorship

From the end of the decade of 1930, Spain was subjected to an iron distinction of sexes. The Franco dictatorship created two molds: one for man and one for woman. Education became the potter who, through his teachings, was shaping those gender models. The conversion of the scholar into a man or woman according to their sex and the assumption of the roles, stereotypes and meanings that this appropriation implied was the goal of education in those years. Many studies have explored how postwar girls were turned into self-sacrificing women thanks to the educational influences they received, but there are hardly any researches that try to problematize the role played by the school in the reproduction of the masculinity model promoted by the Regime. The work that we present, parts of the review of the existing literature on masculinity in the Franco regime to enter the knowledge of the male education of those years. The childhood memories of two postwar children and the memories of their experiences will allow us to identify and value the model of masculinity in which they were educated.

Irregular adoptions and infrastructures of memory in Spain: remnant practices from the Franco Regime

Childhood ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 090756822110614
Author(s):  
Diana Marre ◽  
Hugo Gaggiotti
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
Secret Societies ◽  
Ductile Metals ◽  
Francisco Franco ◽  
Erosion Mechanism ◽  
Displaced Children ◽  
Contemporary Spain ◽  
Franco Dictatorship

The irregular adoption of displaced children during the Spanish Civil War, the Franco dictatorship and the early years of Spanish democracy remains silent and unrecognised. The difficulty in recognising these irregular practices is linked to remnant infrastructures of memory (Rubin (2018) How Francisco Franco governs from beyond the grave: An infrastructural approach to memory politics in contemporary Spain. American Ethnologist 45(2): 214–227). We propose that the time to speak openly about irregular adoptions of forcibly disappeared children in Spain is arriving, and doing so could be a way of exposing a series of ‘unknown knowns’ (Simmel, (1906) The sociology of secrecy and of secret societies. American Journal of Sociology 11(4): 441–498; Bellman R and Levy A (1981) Erosion mechanism in ductile metals. Wear 70: 1–27; Taussig M (1999) Defacement: Public Secrecy and the Labor of the Negative. Stanford: Stanford University Press).

scholarly journals Psychiatrists and mental health activism during the final phase of the Franco regime and the democratic transition

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Rafael Huertas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Democratic Transition ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
Health Activism ◽  
Important Time ◽  
Franco Dictatorship

In the final years of the Franco dictatorship and during the period known as the democratic transition, there were a significant number of protests in the sphere of mental health in Spain. This article analyses the origins and functioning of the Psychiatric Network, which emerged in 1971, its connection to the formation of professional organizations and its role in the reception of anti-psychiatry ideas in Spain. We reach the conclusion that, although the Network’s activities took place within a left-wing political and ideological framework, and at such an important time of social change as the end of the dictatorship, its discourse and practices always demonstrated a marked professional approach.

scholarly journals Gender Labor Policies in the Franco Dictatorship (1939–75): The Discursive Construction of Normative Femininity

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-225
Author(s):  
Uxía Otero-González
Keyword(s):  
Female Employment ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
Labor Policies ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
Gender Policies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Franco Dictatorship

AbstractThis article analyzes the labor gender policies and the strategies of “genderization” put forward by the Franco Dictatorship in Spain. The Franco regime understood that women were the touchstone of society and key in both biological and sociocultural reproduction. Legislative regulations and sanctioned discourses accentuated the division between productive-public and reproductive-domestic spheres, relegating women to the latter. Nevertheless, to what extent did women embrace and challenge the regime's idealistic view of gender? This article contemplates female employment within and beyond official discourse. Oral sources used in this article suggest that socioeconomic reality overflowed the narrow limits of normative femininity. Not all women could enjoy the “honor” of embodying the exalted role of “perfect (house) wife” that the Franco regime had entrusted to them. In addition, this article explores changes in the ideal of femininity throughout the dictatorship. The Franco regime underwent crucial transformations during its almost 40 years of existence. This article argues that its adaptation had repercussions on sociocultural patterns and gender policies. Francoism built its early notion of normative femininity on the ideals of domesticity and Catholic morality, but (re)shaped the meanings of womanhood and (re)adjusted the legal system to fit the new circumstances that arose in the Cold War context.

scholarly journals Employers’ Mutuals and Accident Insurance Scheme in Spain: From Rejection to Control and Collaboration (1966–1990)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
MARGARITA VILAR-RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
JERÒNIA PONS-PONS
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Accident ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
And Control ◽  
Franco Dictatorship ◽  
The Welfare State

This article discusses the role of employers and their organizations in promoting or hindering social insurance schemes and, ultimately, the welfare state. Unlike most studies that center on countries in periods of democracy, this research focuses on the role of employers, and specifically employers’ mutuals, in the development of the industrial accident scheme during the Franco dictatorship in Spain. The institutional elimination of the class struggle, by repressing the working class and prohibiting class-based unions, led to an evolution of the industrial accident scheme and employers’ liabilities that revolved around the interrelationship between employers and the state. While employers tried to keep control of the management and low cost of the insurance, the state maintained significant bureaucratic intervention and increased auditing and control. The democratic period that began in 1977 prolonged the structure fostered during the Franco regime and enhanced the power of the mutuals in managing this insurance.

Annobón 1988. Slow Disaster, Colonialism, and the Franco Dictatorship

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-287
Author(s):  
Cécile Stephanie Stehrenberger
Keyword(s):  
Franco Dictatorship

Today in Light of Yesterday: An Exploration of Workers’ Childhood Memories in the Context of Child Protection Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean A R St. Jean ◽  
Brian Rasmussen ◽  
Judy Gillespie ◽  
Daniel Salhani
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Childhood Memories ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Child Protection Workers ◽  
Professional Experiences ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Parents And Children

Abstract Child protection workers are routinely faced with emotionally intense work, both personally and vicariously through the traumatic narratives and experiences of parents and children. What remains largely unknown is how child protection workers’ own childhood memories might influence the manner in which they experience and are affected by those narratives. The aim of this explorative study was to use Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis as a research methodology to answer the research question, ‘In what ways do social workers experience, and make sense of, their own childhood memories in the context of their child protection practice?’ Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight child protection workers, aiming to understand their personal and professional experiences with regard to this question. The study found a relationship between various forms of childhood adversity and the presence of negative present-day triggers when participants were faced with practice scenarios that bore similarity to those experiences. Implications with regard to child protection worker well-being, countertransference and risk decision-making are discussed.

The Workers' Movement and Political Change in Spain, 1956–1977

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 70-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Domènech Sampere
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Labor History ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
Common People ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
The Common ◽  
Open The Doors ◽  
Young Researchers

“That the number of our Members be unlimited” … Today we might pass over such a rule as a commonplace: and yet it is one of the hinges upon which history turns. It signified the end to any notion of exclusiveness, of politics as the preserve of any hereditary elite or property Group … To throw open the doors to propaganda and agitation in this “unlimited” way implied a new notion of democracy, which cast aside ancient inhibitions and trusted to self-activating and self-organising processes among the common people.E.P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class The decline of labor history in the research agenda of senior Spanish scholars matches the surprising interest in it of young researchers as indicated by the opening of new lines of research and the explosion of studies on other social movements that also have a strong class character in their origins. Moreover, despite the progressive decline of published academic research on the quintessential social movement, the truth is that its history is still crucial for understanding the political and social dynamics of the late Franco regime and the first years of democracy for at least two reasons.

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