Evaporation of Forest Ecosystems in the Central Part of European Russia During the Holocene

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Ольчев ◽  
A. Olchev
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
European Russia ◽  
The Holocene

Holocene history of boreal forest landscapes of the Central European Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Belyaev ◽  
Ilya Shorkunov ◽  
Katerina Garankina ◽  
Nikita Mergelov ◽  
Yulia Shishkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Gully Erosion ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Empirical Modeling ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Late Pleistocene To Holocene

<p>Recent detailed investigations of landforms, soils and surface deposits of the Borisoglebsk Upland northeastern slope within the Nero Lake basin (Central European Russia, Yaroslavl Region) allowed deciphering co-evolution of the major landscape components of the case study area since the Late Pleistocene. The Late Pleistocene to Holocene transition in the gully network was represented by relatively short but high-magnitude (up to 12 m) incision phase followed by significant infill till 6.5 ka. Absence of the well-developed early Holocene paleosols in the studied sections and cores suggests dominantly negative sediment budget. There is so far limited evidence of sedimentation over the first half of the Holocene. Discontinuous deposition with certain interruptions (but without distinct buried soil formation) occurred only within closed depressions and on gully fans. The second part of the Holocene prior to the widespread human settlement left more substantial traces in soil and sediment record. Despite the common perception of the pristine boreal forest landscapes to be geomorphologically stable due to erosion-protective role of woodland vegetation, several phases of dramatically increased soil and gully erosion rates have been identified. It is identified in soil bodies and sediments, both at locations dominated by denudation (evidences of multiple topsoil truncation in Atlantic and Subatlantic) and at zones of alternating incision and infill of small linear erosion features. Such extremes were most likely associated with combination of several triggers including natural forest fires and high-magnitude rainfall or snowmelt runoff events. There are several <sup>14</sup>C dated layers of pyrogenic charcoal indicating pre-anthropogenic wildfire-induced incision and infill cycles during the middle and late Holocene.</p><p>The last phases of increased hillslope and fluvial activity within the study area can be related to increased human interference, starting from about 1600-900 years ago. The onset of cut-and-burn cultivation is independently established from available archeological evidences, dating of cut and burnt tree logs remnants, organic material buried by agrogenic colluvium and gully fans. Latest period of intensive gully growth can most likely be attributed to the XIX<sup>th</sup> Century land tenure reform, when most of the study area gullies experienced significant linear growth, bottom incisions and appearance of several new gully branches. The most recent trend of soil and gully erosion has been evaluated by <sup>137</sup>Cs sediment tracing, soil empirical modeling and comparison of historical and modern maps, airborne photos and satellite images. Rates of soil redistribution on slopes decreased significantly over the last several decades due to combination of natural and anthropogenic impacts: 1) decreased spring snowmelt runoff caused mainly by generally lowered thickness of seasonally frozen topsoil layer; 2) arable land abandonment or shift from row crops and cereals to perennial grass-dominated crop rotations in the post-Soviet period. In addition, local short-term (from several years to within-year) cycles of relatively low-magnitude (not exceeding ±1 m range) incision and infill in gullies are often triggered by biogenic activities, namely beaver dam constructions and breaches and local log jams.</p><p>The study is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 19-77-10061) and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 19-29-05238).</p>

scholarly journals Palaeoecological evidence of changes in vegetation and climate during the Holocene in the pre-Polar Urals, northeast European Russia

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seija Kultti ◽  
Minna Väliranta ◽  
Kaarina Sarmaja-Korjonen ◽  
Nadia Solovieva ◽  
Tarmo Virtanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Russia ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Polar Urals ◽  
Vegetation And Climate

Characterization of the resilience and variability of vegetation during the Holocene using a large database of pollen data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Hébert ◽  
Chenzhi Li ◽  
Thomas Laepple ◽  
Ulrike Herzschuh
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Modes Of Variability ◽  
Millennial Time Scale ◽  
Fire Disturbances ◽  
Palynological Records ◽  
Stability Of Forest Ecosystems

<p>Global climatic changes which are expected in the 21<sup>st</sup> century are likely to create unparalleled disturbances on vegetation. In addition, human activities also increase the risk of fire disturbances and insect epidemies. We investigate the resilience of different biomes by examining their behaviour during the Holocene using a taxonomically harmonized and temporally standardized global fossil pollen datasets,synthesized from 2821 palynological records from the Neotoma Paleoecology Database and additional literature. Specifically, we study the composition variability on millennial time-scale and timescale-dependant scaling of variability from centennial to multi-millennial timescales. A principal component analysis was performed in order to characterize the principal modes of variability of the pollen assemblages. We find coherent regional signals of vegetation variability and scaling of variability from the pollen assemblages, indicating significant millennial scale variability which can be related to vegetation taxa and climates. Particularly, we observe more stability in North America and Northern Europe in areas dominated by boreal forest and deciduous forests. This may be linked to the greater stability of forest ecosystems and also a more stable climate over these areas which may be the result of stabilizing feedbacks. We find that diversity plays a key role in vegetation composition and that more diverse regions allow for greater variability. </p><p> </p><div> <div> </div> </div>

Lichens as indicators of forest ecosystems in the Center of European Russia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Мучник ◽  
Eugenia Muchnik
Keyword(s):  
Indicator Species ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Central Russia

The main are high demands to the habitat conditions (stenotopic or not) and confinedness only to oldgrowth and undisturbed forests and bogs as well as old parks. The lists of indicator species for biologically valuable forest landscapes in the coniferous-broadleaved, broadleaved forests subzones and forest-steppe zone of the Central Russia are given.

The Holocene paleoenvironmental history of central European Russia reconstructed from pollen, plant macrofossil, and testate amoeba analyses of the Klukva Peatland, Tula Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Novenko ◽  
Andrey N. Tsyganov ◽  
Elena M. Volkova ◽  
Kirill V. Babeshko ◽  
Nikita V. Lavrentiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Testate Amoeba ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Plant Macrofossil ◽  
Holocene Thermal Maximum ◽  
History Of

Holocene climatic variability and human impact on vegetation are reconstructed from a region in central European Russia, which lies at an important ecotone between broadleaf forest and steppe. For the first time in this region we adopt a multi-proxy approach that combines analysis of local mire conditions from plant macrofossil and testate amoeba analyses with pollen-based quantitative climate reconstruction. The proxies indicate a long-term warming trend from 9700 to 7500 cal yr BP, interrupted by a series of short-term cold events. From 7500 to 5000 cal yr BP the results imply a relatively stable climate, warmer and drier than present, spanning the Holocene Thermal Maximum. Since 5000 cal yr BP the data suggest a change to cooler climate, but with centennial-scale variability. This shift at around 5000 cal yr BP is supported by extensive evidence from other sites. In the early Holocene, the region was occupied mainly by pine and birch forests. Broad-leafed forests of oak, lime and elm expanded after 7800 cal yr BP and remained dominant until the last few centuries. During the historical period, vegetation changes have been driven mainly by human activities.

Vegetation Changes during the Holocene Inferred from Pollen Study of Lake Rubskoe Bottom Sediments (European Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 787-789
Author(s):  
G. R. Nigamatzyanova ◽  
L. A. Frolova ◽  
A. G. Kadirov ◽  
D. K. Nurgaliev
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Vegetation Changes ◽  
The Holocene
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document