scholarly journals CHANGES IN DOCTORS’ SALARIES AND THE COST OF LIVING INDEX IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
I.V. Shakhabov ◽  
Yu.Yu. Melnikov ◽  
A.V. Smyshlyaev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Living Index

scholarly journals Interregional Inequality of Population Incomes: Problems of Methodology and Estimation in the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 09003
Author(s):  
M.N. Tolmachev ◽  
N.G. Barashov ◽  
A.V. Latkov ◽  
V.A. Markov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Interregional Inequality ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cost Of Living Index

Currently, the priority of the Russian Federation socio-economic development is to achieve sustainable economic growth. A significant obstacle to the achievement of this goal is the unevenness and disproportionality in the socio-economic development of the Russian regions. This circumstance makes the problem of an objective and adequate assessment of Russian regions the interregional differentiation particularly relevant. The study notes that the nominal monetary income of the population does not take into account regional differences in price level. This work discusses methodological approaches of reliable determination, advantages of weighted and unweighted estimates in the interregional inequality, special attention is paid to weighing the average per capita indicators of the subject of the Russia for the proportion of the region’s population in the country’s population. To assess the purchasing power of the population at the regional level, the authors propose to use a modified cost of living index. As a result of the study, the dynamics of the variation coefficient of the average per capita monetary incomes of the population and adjusted for the modified cost-of-living index were determined, on the basis of which the regions of Russia were divided into three groups. The efficiency of the transition to the analysis of incomes comparable in purchasing power, as comparison of weighted and unweighted variation coefficients, has been proved. The trend towards smoothing interregional inequality, which is caused by the accelerated growth of real incomes of the population in the low-income group of Russian regions.

scholarly journals SĄDOWE USTALENIE OJCOSTWA W FEDERACJI ROSYJSKIEJ

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Holewińska-Łapińska
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Dna Test ◽  
Reliable Evidence ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Family Code ◽  
Common Law Marriage

Judicial Establishing of Paternity in the Russian FederationSummary The article discusses the judicial establishing of paternity pursuant to the Family Code of the Russian Federation in force from March 1, 1996 against a background of former regulations of the Soviet Law starting from 1917.In the years 1917-1944 judicial establishing of paternity in USSR was admissible without restrictions. In the period from July 8, 1944 to October 1, 1968 prohibition of judicial establishing of paternity was in force.In the period from October 1, 1968 to March 1, 1996 establishing of paternity could occur if in a case one of the following was true: (1) A child’s mother and a defendant lived together before the birth of a child and managed a common household. (2) A child’s mother and a defendant raised a child together. (3) A child’s mother and a defendant provided jointly for a child. It was not required that a defendant contributed significantly to the cost of living of a child but that he did it systematically. (4) There was reliable evidence that a defendant admitted his paternity.If a child was born in the period from October 1, 1968 to March 1, 1996, his parentage was not as yet affiliated to a father, and a man whose paternity was to be established was alive - still one of the aforementioned conditions has to be proved in a lawsuit.Judicial establishing of paternity of a child who was born starting from March 1, 1996 may occur on a demand of a child’s mother, a man who claims he is a child’s father, a child’s custodian (guardian), a person who keeps a child, a child of age. Judicial establishing of paternity may be demanded in person by a parent who has turned fourteen. A child of age has to give his/her assent to establishing of paternity. If s/he was incapacitated - a consent should be given by a custodian or a care agency.One has to prove, presenting evidence of any nature, that this particular man is a father of a child. In practice evidence taken into account shall either prove the paternity in a scientifically dependable manner (a DNA test) or prove indirectly a validity of a suit (e.g. a child’s mother and a man pointed out as a father stayed in a common-law marriage during the period of a probable conception of a child).After father’s death a court may establish paternity on the grounds of the fact, that during his life a the said man expressed by his conduct a conviction that he believes himself a father of a child in question. If a child was born before October 1, 1968 additionally it has to be proven that a man deeming himself a father did keep his extra-marital child.

Poverty assessment in Russia: dependence on the measurement methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
M. A. Bulanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Poverty Assessment ◽  
Measurement Methodology ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost

Poverty reduction is one of the main objectives of the state policy in the Russian Federation. In the decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 474 of 21.07.2020 «On the national goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030,» a target is determined - reducing the poverty level by half by 2030. To measure poverty in the Russian Federation until 2021, the absolute concept was used. Within the framework of this concept, it is planned to create a minimum standard on the basis of which the level of poverty was determined. In the Russian Federation, a consumer basket is adopted as a standard, on the basis of which the cost of living is calculated. The cost of living is the threshold for poverty. Since 2021, the methodology for measuring poverty has changed, the calculation is based on the relative concept, the median method is used to measure poverty. A number of countries also use the multidimensional poverty concept with a set of indicators to measure poverty. The article provides a comparative analysis of methodological approaches for poverty assessment. The article proves that the level of poverty depends on the methodological approach underlying its measurement. The author believes that only a multidimensional approach to measuring poverty will contribute to the development of effective public policies to overcome poverty.

scholarly journals Analysis of the practice of establishing the size of regional coefficients to the wages of workers in areas with unfavourable natural and climatic conditions and proposals for its improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Irina Omelchenko ◽  
Oleg Dozortzev ◽  
Marina Danilina
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Constituent Entity ◽  
Urban Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Cost

District coefficients are designed to compensate for differences in the cost of living of the population in the northern and eastern regions compared to the central and southern regions due to the unequal needs of the population. On the basis of the content analysis of the legislation the authors showed that in order to improve the legislation on regional coefficients to the wages of workers in areas with unfavorable natural and climatic conditions for the population, it is necessary to prepare new methodological approaches to determining the size of regional coefficients on the basis of the minimum (recovery) budget or the minimum consumer budget and to introduce the practice of establishing uniform regional coefficients for the wages of all employees of enterprises, organizations and institutions in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation or in municipal districts and urban districts within the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

Medical and economic analysis of the consequences of expanding the drug supply program for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Andrei Georgievich Maliavin ◽  
Alana Viktorovna Dzanaeva ◽  
Maria Vladimirovna Avxentyeva ◽  
Sergei Lvovich Babak
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Basic Drug ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Basic Therapy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Drug Provision

Purpose of the study. Healthcare budget impact analysis in the Russian Federation of providing adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with basic therapy for outpatient treatment. Material and methods. The hypothesis of reducing costs for the treatment of exacerbations of COPD was tested while providing all patients with basic therapy on an outpatient basis. The model calculates the direct medical costs of drug provision and treatment of exacerbations in patients with COPD in the current situation and when all patients with COPD are covered with basic therapy as part of a program of preferential drug provision. The simulation period is 1 year. The analysis does not take into account social losses associated with disability, payment of disability certificates, reduced labor productivity and mortality. Results. The cost of providing all patients with COPD with the recommended basic drug therapy on an outpatient basis is substantially offset by a decrease in the cost of treating exacerbations: drug costs should increase by 14.1 billion rubles compared with the current situation, while the cost of providing medical care to patients with exacerbations is reduced by 9.7 billion rubles. As a result, the difference in direct medical costs, or the necessary additional investments, is 4.4 billion rubles. The price of drugs used for basic therapy has the greatest impact on the size of the required additional investments. Conclusion. Providing all patients with COPD with the recommended basic drug therapy on an outpatient basis, we can expect a decrease in the number of moderate exacerbations per year by 14.7% and severe exacerbations by 31.2%. Taking into account not only medical, but also socio-economic costs can not only offset additional investments, but also demonstrate significant savings. When implementing a pilot project of preferential drug provision for patients with COPD in a specific region of the Russian Federation, it is possible to reduce the cost of purchasing medicines when forming a municipal order.

A new index to measure cost of living for expatriates in cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-317
Author(s):  
Khee Giap Tan ◽  
Nguyen Trieu Duong Luu ◽  
Le Phuong Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Commercial Research ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Living Index ◽  
The City

Purpose Cost of living is an important consideration for the decision-making of expatriates and investment decisions of businesses. As competition between cities for talent and capital becomes global instead of national, the need for timely and internationally comparable information on global cities’ cost of living increases. While commercial research houses frequently publish cost of living surveys, these reports can be lacking in terms of scientific rigour. In this context, this paper aims to contribute to the literature by formulating a comprehensive and rigorous methodology to compare the cost of living for expatriates in 103 world’s major cities. Design/methodology/approach A cost of living index for expatriates composed of the ten consumption categories is constructed. The results from the study covers a study period from 2005 to 2014 in 103 cities. More than 280 individual prices of 165 goods and services have been compiled for each city in the calculation of the cost of living index for expatriates. New York has been chosen as the base city for the study, with other cities being benchmarked against it. A larger cost of living index for expatriates implies that the city is more expensive for expatriates to live in and vice versa. Findings While the authors generate the cost of living rankings for expatriates for 103 cities worldwide, in this paper, the authors focus on five key cities, namely, London, Hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo and Zurich, as they are global financial centres. In 2013, the latest year for which data are available, Zurich was the most expensive for expatriates among the five cities, followed by Singapore, Tokyo, London and Hong Kong. These results pertain to the cost of living for expatriates, and cities compare very differently in terms of cost of living for ordinary residents, as ordinary residents follow different consumption patterns from expatriates. Originality/value Cost of living in the destination city is a major consideration for professionals who look to relocate, and organisations factor such calculations in their decisions to post employees overseas and design commensurate compensation packages. This paper develops a comprehensive and rigorous methodology for measuring and comparing cost of living for expatriates around the world. The value-addition lies in the fact that the authors are able to differentiate between expatriates and ordinary residents, which has not been done in the existing literature. They use higher quality data and generate an index that is not sensitive to the choice of base city.

Rationing and the Cost of Living Index

1941 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kaldor
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Living ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Living Index

scholarly journals The Cost-of-Living Index and Wage Determination

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Martin
Keyword(s):  
Wage Determination ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Living Index

To what extent can the cost of living index be used in the negotiation of wage agreements ?

scholarly journals Ways to Reduce Energy Costs in Poultry Farms

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Aleksey Sklyar ◽  
Margarita Postnova
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Poultry Farming

Currently, the modern poultry farms are located in regions with different climatic conditions. Thus, the component of the electric power being the base for combined heating and ventilating systems, lighting, and local heating of poultry farms, is great in power engineering on the territory of the Russian Federation. The analysis of energy costs of poultry farms showed that of the estimated options for reducing the cost of electricity for poultry farms, one of the most effective can be an alternative source such as the generation of own electricity. Naturally, for biological production with a continuous technological cycle (poultry farming, for example), seems to be replace about 45-55 % of the needs of the factory and serve as a reserve for the rest, but not cover all 100 % of needs.

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