scholarly journals Production and soil restoration effect of pioneer tree species in a region of allochthonous Norway spruce dieback

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Martiník Antonín ◽  
Adamec Zdeněk ◽  
Houška Jakub
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Index Site ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
A Site ◽  
Mg Content

The paper analyses the growth, structure, production and soil chemistry of different tree species stands 20 years after allochthonous spruce dieback. The experiment was carried out at lower altitudes (300 m a.s.l.) at rich sites of the Central Europe region. Norway spruce (Picea abies Linnaeus) and beech (Fagus sylvatica Linnaeus) stands established by artificial regeneration were compared with silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), aspen (Populus tremula Linnaeus) and birch-aspen stands, which were regenerated naturally. Spruce stands showed a decrease of site index (site index 3), compared with the previous generation (site index 2). This leads to an expected lower production at the age of 100 years, compared to mature beech stands, which showed a site index of 1. The highest production (tree overbark volume) was found out in the aspen stand – 294 m<sup>3</sup>·ha<sup>–1</sup>. The production (tree overbark volume) of other monoculture stands was comparable and reached 201–222 m<sup>3</sup>·ha<sup>–1</sup>. Most of the soil chemical characteristics under the compared stands (Ca and Mg content, Al content and active and potential soil reaction) were significantly better under aspen and decreased in the following trend: birch – beech – spruce.

scholarly journals Risk evaluation of the climatic change impact on secondary Norway spruce stands as exemplified by the Ktiny Training Forest Enterprise

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Čermák ◽  
L. Jankovský ◽  
P. Cudlín
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Change ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Future ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Climatic Change Impact ◽  
A Site

The paper proposes a method of assessing the potential risks of the future development of stands in relation to a climatic change. To assess risks of the future development of a stand simple point scales have been worked up based on primary properties of a site and a stand according to data of the forest management plan (FMP). In assessing the health condition, the risk of damage to stands by Armillaria sp. in the felling age was evaluated on the basis of a present attack by Armillaria sp. and also defoliation of the crown primary structure assessed during a simple field examination. The evaluation was carried out in the region of the Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise (TFE) Masarykův les, ranger district Proklest, in 2002. The study was conducted in <br />118 Norway spruce stands aged more than 20 years. The majority of evaluated stands ranked among the category of high and medium risk from the viewpoint of site and stand risks and among the category of high Armillaria sp. attack. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals The effect of liming on the mineral nutrition of the mountain Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kulhavý ◽  
I. Marková ◽  
I. Drápelová ◽  
S. Truparová
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Al Content ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

Mineral nutrition represents the uptake, transport, metabolism and utilization of nutrients by the forest stand. These processes influence all physiological functions of trees. A specific minimum amount of all nutrients is necessary for the healthy development and growth of forest trees. The uptake of nutrients is influenced not only by natural conditions but also by anthropogenic activities. During the period of 2000–2005 the mineral nutrition of mountain Norway spruce stands was studied at the study site Bílý Kříž (Moravian-Silesian Beskids Mts., Czech Republic). Research was carried out in a spruce stand that was limed in the past years (in 1983, 1985 and 1987) and in a spruce stand that was not limed in order to compare the liming effect on the mineral nutrition of spruce stands. A positive liming effect was detected in the calcium, magnesium and phosphorus nutrition because their contents in current needles were higher on the limed plots. No liming effect was determined in the nitrogen, potassium and microelement (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Al) content in current needles. Sufficient nutrition of spruce stands only with calcium was recorded on all studied plots.

The effect of advance regeneration height on future yield of black spruce stands

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pothier ◽  
René Doucet ◽  
Jocelyn Boily
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Advance Regeneration ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Index Site ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Stand Height

The advance regeneration often present following clear-cutting in black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stands is generally composed of individuals of various heights. This initial height difference is hypothesized to affect the yield of the future stand. Height of the advance regeneration at time of release was determined on several black spruce trees within 33 stands distributed across the boreal forest of the province of Quebec, Canada. From these data, a regeneration structure index was developed and used to explain a part of the variation in subsequent stand yield. Dominant trees of stands developing for 38 to 65 years since clear-cutting generally originated from the tallest advance regeneration at time of release. Stands with the tallest regeneration at time of release produced the largest yields for a given site quality and number of years since harvesting. A 3-m increase in advance-regeneration height resulted in a similar yield gain as a 3-m increase in site index. Site indices calculated from age-height relationships of dominant trees originating from tall advance regeneration were less than those calculated from trees that have undergone a relatively short period of suppression. These results suggest that traditional management tools developed for fire-origin black spruce stands, i.e., stands mainly composed of seed-origin trees established after perturbation, should be adjusted for clearcut-origin stands that largely develop from advance regeneration.

Use of sap trees by the yellow-bellied glider near Maryborough in south-east Queensland

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa J. Eyre ◽  
Ross L. Goldingay
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Monitoring Period ◽  
Tree Retention ◽  
Sap Feeding ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora ◽  
A Site ◽  
Petaurus Australis ◽  
Habitat Variables

Identifying the tree species used in sap feeding by the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) and describing the pattern of use of these trees is fundamental to forest management in eastern and southern Australia. We conducted surveys at 74 sites across 17�000 ha in St Mary State Forest near Maryborough in south-east Queensland, during five visits over a 2-year period. We identified sap-feeding incisions of gliders on 194 trees (2% of all trees) at 47 of our survey sites, including five trees recruited as sap trees during our monitoring period. Five tree species were involved: Corymbia citriodora (100 trees at 26 sites), Eucalyptus longirostrata (73 trees at 19 sites), Eucalyptus moluccana (17 trees at 6 sites), Eucalyptus tereticornis (3 trees at 3 sites), and Angophora leiocarpa (1 tree). Of these trees, E. longirostrata was used much more than expected on the basis of its abundance in the forest. Active glider incisions were observed on 95 of the sap trees (49% of total) during the monitoring period. During our first visit, 66 sap trees showed no evidence of current or recent use (within the previous month). By the fifth visit, there were still 44 sap trees (23% of all sap trees) that showed no evidence of recent use during any visit. Approximately 40% of sap tree observations were of trees with fewer than five recently active incisions, which is currently the threshold number of incisions for tree retention during logging operations in Queensland. We used Poisson regression to assess the influence of climatic and habitat variables on the abundance of active incisions at sites with sap trees. Three variables had a significant influence on the abundance of active incisions at a site: flowering, site index (a measure of productivity) and density of ringbarked trees. Our results confirm the importance of a small number of forest trees in sap feeding and recommendations are provided to enhance prescriptions for effective management of sap food resources of yellow-bellied gliders in south-east Queensland.

scholarly journals A closer look at site index - biogeoclimatic site series correlations: Douglas-fir in the Coastal Western Hemlock Zone, xm2 variant, 01 site series

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gord Nigh
Keyword(s):  
Site Index ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Index Site ◽  
Ecosystem Classification ◽  
Age Model ◽  
A Site ◽  
Index Estimate

The Site Index - Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification (SIBEC) model predicts site index from species and biogeoclimatic site series. The purpose of this project was, for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco var. menziesii) in the CWHxm2/01 site series, to: 1) verify that the current SIBEC site index estimate of 32.90 m is accurate, 2) create a more site-specific SIBEC model by including additional variables in the model to capture within-site series variation, and 3) compare the SIBEC site index estimates and their variability when the estimates are obtained using stem analysis data versus data from Bruce’s (1981) height-age model. The data set consisted of 40 Douglas-fir plots established in the CWHxm2/01 site series. The analysis shows that the current SIBEC site index estimate should be changed to 34.68 m. No relationship was found between site index and ecological variables within this site series, hence the model could not be made more site-specific. The BEC system aggregates sites into relatively homogeneous units with respect to productivity. The comparison of the SIBEC site index estimates and their variances when estimated using stem analysis and a height-age model were not statistically different. Obtaining a site index estimate from Bruce’s model is as accurate as obtaining a site index estimate from stem analysis when the Douglas-fir sample trees are between 50 and 80 years of age.Key words: Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification, Douglas-fir, model error, site index, site series, stem analysis

scholarly journals Supply Potential and Annual Availability of Timber and Forest Biomass Resources for Energy Considering Inter-Prefectural Trade in Tohoku Region of Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Yusuke Matsuoka ◽  
Hiroaki Shirasawa ◽  
Uichi Hayashi ◽  
Kazuhiro Aruga
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Geographical Survey Institute ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Gis Data ◽  
Biomass Resource ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
Generation Capacity

To promote sustainable timber and forest biomass utilization, this study estimated technically feasible and economically viable availability considering forest regenerations. This study focuses on five prefectures, namely, Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, Akita, and Yamagata, and considers the trade between these prefectures. The data used in this study include forest registration (tree species and site index) and GIS data (information on roads and subcompartment layers) from the prefectures for private and communal forests. Additionally, this study includes GIS data (subcompartment layers, including tree species) from the Forestry Agency of Japan for national forests as well as 10-m-grid digital elevation models (DEMs) from the Geographical Survey Institute. As a result, supply potentials of timber and forest biomass resources were estimated at 11,388,960 m3/year and 2,277,792 m3/year, respectively. Then, those availabilities were estimated at 1,631,624 m3/year and 326,325 m3/year. Therefore, the rate of availabilities to supply potentials was 14.3%. Since timber production, and wood chip usage from thinned woods and logging residues in 2018 were 4,667,000 m3/year and 889,600 m3/year, respectively, the rates of timber and forest biomass resource availabilities to those values were 35.0% and 36.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the demand was estimated at 951,740 m3/year from 100,000 m3/year with the generation capacity of 5 MW. The rate of forest biomass resource availability versus the demand was 34.2%. The rates were increased to 64.1% with an additional regeneration subsidy, 173.3% with the thinning subsidy, and 181.5% with both subsidies. Thus, the estimated availability with both subsidies met the demand sufficiently in this region.

scholarly journals Imitated Whole Tree Harvesting Show Negligible Effect on Economic Value of Spruce Stands

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Iveta Desaine ◽  
Annija Kārkliņa ◽  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Anna Pastare ◽  
Andis Adamovičs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

The increased removal of forest-derived biomass with whole-tree harvesting (WTH) has raised concerns about the long-term productivity and sustainability of forest ecosystems. If true, this effect needs to be factored in the assessment of long-term feasibility to implement such a drastic forest management measure. Therefore, the economic performance of five experimental plantations in three different forest types, where in 1971 simulated WTH event occurred, was compared with pure, planted and conventionally managed (CH) Norway spruce stands of similar age and growing conditions. Potential incomes of CH and WTH stands were based on timber prices for period 2014–2020. However, regarding the economics of root and stump biomass utilization, they were not included in the estimates. In any given price level, the difference of internal rate of return between the forest types and selected managements were from 2.5% to 6.2%. Therefore, Norway spruce stands demonstrate good potential of independence regardless of stump removal at the previous rotation.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach to Evaluate the Effect of Neighboring Trees and the Orientation of Tree Social Area on Stem Radial Increment of Norway Spruce Trees

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Jan Světlík ◽  
Jan Krejza ◽  
Pavel Bednář
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Social Area

Tree growth depends on many factors such as microsite conditions, vitality, and variations in climate and genetics. It is generally accepted that higher growth indicates both an economic benefit and better vitality of any tree. Here we use a modified approach of evaluating tree social area to study mutual tree competition based on the orientation and shape of trees social area. The investigation was performed in nine Norway spruce stands in the Czech Republic. The objective of this study performed from 2008 to 2012 was to quantify relative tree radial increments with respect to the lowest and highest competition found in specific sectors of tree social area (AS). Specific groups of trees (tree classes) were evaluated according to their classes (dominant, co-dominant and sub-dominant) and their composition status in ninety-degree sectors of AS using established classifying rules. The results showed that a spatially-available area (AA) is an inappropriate parameter for predicting tree growth, whereas AS provided robust explanatory power to predict relative radial growth. Tree size was observed as an important indicator of relative radial increments. A significantly positive correlation was found for a radial increment of sub-dominant trees with the lowest competition from western directions; whereas a negative correlation was observed when the lowest competition was observed from eastern directions. For dominant trees, there was an evident growth reaction only when more than 50% of the AS was oriented towards one of the cardinal points. Individual differences in the orientation of tree AS may be important parameters with regard to competition and its spatial variability within an area surrounding a particular tree and deserve more detailed attention in tree growth models and practice.

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