scholarly journals Risk evaluation of the climatic change impact on secondary Norway spruce stands as exemplified by the Ktiny Training Forest Enterprise

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Čermák ◽  
L. Jankovský ◽  
P. Cudlín
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Change ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Future ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Climatic Change Impact ◽  
A Site

The paper proposes a method of assessing the potential risks of the future development of stands in relation to a climatic change. To assess risks of the future development of a stand simple point scales have been worked up based on primary properties of a site and a stand according to data of the forest management plan (FMP). In assessing the health condition, the risk of damage to stands by Armillaria sp. in the felling age was evaluated on the basis of a present attack by Armillaria sp. and also defoliation of the crown primary structure assessed during a simple field examination. The evaluation was carried out in the region of the Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise (TFE) Masarykův les, ranger district Proklest, in 2002. The study was conducted in <br />118 Norway spruce stands aged more than 20 years. The majority of evaluated stands ranked among the category of high and medium risk from the viewpoint of site and stand risks and among the category of high Armillaria sp. attack. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Presence of Root Rot Reduces Stability of Norway Spruce (Picea abies): Results of Static Pulling Tests in Latvia

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskars Krisans ◽  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Steffen Rust ◽  
Natalija Burnevica ◽  
Lauma Bruna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Secondary Failure ◽  
The Future ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Individual Trees

Storms are the main abiotic disturbance in European forests, effects of which are expected to intensify in the future, hence the importance of forest stand stability is increasing. The predisposition of Norway spruce to wind damage appears to be enhanced by pathogens such as Heterobasidion spp., which reduce stability of individual trees. However, detailed information about the effects of the root rot on the stability of individual trees across diverse soil types is still lacking. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of root rot on the individual tree stability of Norway spruce growing on drained peat and mineral soils. In total, 77 Norway spruce trees (age 50–80 years) growing in four stands were tested under static loading. The presence of Heterobasidion spp. had a significant negative effect on the bending moment at primary and secondary failure of the tested trees irrespectively of soil type. This suggests increased legacy effects (e.g., susceptibility to pathogens and pests due to fractured roots and altered water uptake) of storms. Damaged trees act as weak spots increasing the susceptibility of stands to wind damage, thus forming a negative feedback loop and contributing to an ongoing decline in vitality of Norway spruce stands following storms in the study region in the future. Accordingly, the results support the importance of timely identification of the decayed trees, lowering stand density and/or shortening rotation period as the measures to counteract the increasing effects of storms on Norway spruce stands.

scholarly journals The use of hyperspectral remote sensing for mapping the age composition of forest stands

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Skoupý ◽  
L. Zejdová ◽  
J. Hanuš
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Algorithm Comparison ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Random Algorithm ◽  
Object Oriented Approach ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

The paper deals with the issue of mapping the age composition of stand groups using hyperspectral imagery acquired by the AISA Eagle VNIR sensor in the B&iacute;l&yacute; Kř&iacute;ž locality in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids Mts. An object-oriented approach was employed through segmentation and subsequent classification by means of Nearest Neighbour (NN) algorithm in the environment of eCognition Developer 8 and artificial neural network (ANN) classification provided by ENVI 4.7 software. Because of the dominant occurrence of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) monocultures in the studied locality the work focuses primarily on the distinguishability of two selected age classes of Norway spruce (10&ndash;20 years and 70&ndash;80 years). It studies possibilities of a more detailed age estimation of stand groups aged from 10 to 80 years based on the classification into the boundary classes, which shows similarity to dithering based on random algorithm. Comparison with the outline map of the Forest Management Plan shows a correlation (r<sup>2&nbsp;</sup>=&nbsp;0.83) between the spectral characteristics of Norway spruce stands and their age composition. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Norway spruce thinning experiment Polom (Eastern Bohemia) after 22 years of observation

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M. Slodičák ◽  
J. Novák
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Experimental Stand ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Long Term Experiment

Effects of thinning were studied in an air-polluted young stand of Norway spruce on Polom series in the Orlick&eacute; hory Mts. (North-Eastern part of the Czech Republic) founded in 1980 in 15 years old spruce stand established by planting with density of 3,500&ndash;4,000 trees per hectare in 1965. The stand lies at an elevation of 800&nbsp;m in the 6<sup>th</sup> beech with spruce forest vegetation zone. The expected survival of the experimental stand at the beginning of experiments was 40 years (air pollution danger zone B). The thinning experiment is based on a classical comparative method, i.e. on comparing the stands with different thinning regimes (regime with no thinning and regimes with heavy and very heavy first thinning with negative selection from below). Results of the long-term experiment confirmed the positive effect of investigated thinning programme on growth, health condition and resistance to snow-breaks of air-polluted Norway spruce stands in initial phases of disintegration.

scholarly journals Health condition of young spruce stands growing in Poľana  in different altitudes 

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 469-474
Author(s):  
I. Čaňová
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
First Results ◽  
Stand Damage ◽  
Different Altitudes

This paper presents the first results of chlorophyll fluorescence measurements on assimilatory apparatus of Norway spruce. Three young spruce stands located in various altitudes (600, 1,050 and 1,250 m above sea level) were selected for the measurements. Chlorophyll fluorescence a was measured by a portable fluorimeter PEA. These measurements were performed on three needle year-classes. We found greater stand damage on the areas which are located in higher altitudes, but only at the end of growing season.  

scholarly journals Production and soil restoration effect of pioneer tree species in a region of allochthonous Norway spruce dieback

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Martiník Antonín ◽  
Adamec Zdeněk ◽  
Houška Jakub
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Index Site ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
A Site ◽  
Mg Content

The paper analyses the growth, structure, production and soil chemistry of different tree species stands 20 years after allochthonous spruce dieback. The experiment was carried out at lower altitudes (300 m a.s.l.) at rich sites of the Central Europe region. Norway spruce (Picea abies Linnaeus) and beech (Fagus sylvatica Linnaeus) stands established by artificial regeneration were compared with silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), aspen (Populus tremula Linnaeus) and birch-aspen stands, which were regenerated naturally. Spruce stands showed a decrease of site index (site index 3), compared with the previous generation (site index 2). This leads to an expected lower production at the age of 100 years, compared to mature beech stands, which showed a site index of 1. The highest production (tree overbark volume) was found out in the aspen stand – 294 m<sup>3</sup>·ha<sup>–1</sup>. The production (tree overbark volume) of other monoculture stands was comparable and reached 201–222 m<sup>3</sup>·ha<sup>–1</sup>. Most of the soil chemical characteristics under the compared stands (Ca and Mg content, Al content and active and potential soil reaction) were significantly better under aspen and decreased in the following trend: birch – beech – spruce.

Obecny stan badań nad Zagładą na Ukrainie

2014 ◽  
pp. 889-915
Author(s):  
Anna Abakunkova
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Holocaust Studies ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Future

The article examines the state of the Holocaust historiography in Ukraine for the period of 2010 – beginning of 2014. The review analyzes activities of major research and educational organizations in Ukraine which have significant part of projects devoted to the Holocaust; main publications and discussions on the Holocaust in Ukraine, including publications of Ukrainian authors in academic European and American journals. The article illustrates contemporary tendencies and conditions of the Holocaust Studies in Ukraine, defines major problems and shows perspectives of the future development of the Holocaust historiography in Ukraine.

Remedies for Breach of Contract: The Future Development of Scots Law in its European and International Context

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector L MacQueen
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
European Contract ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
International Context ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Law Commission

This paper,first presented on 21 October 1995 at ajoint seminar ofthe Scottish Law Commission and the Faculty of Law, University of Edinburgh, on the subject of breach of contract, considers the future development of the law in this area, first by considering its history and current state in comparative terms and drawing the conclusion that it is characterised by a mixture of Civilian and Common Law elements; second, by comparing Scots law with the provisions on breach contained in recently published proposals for a harmonised law of contract (the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, the Principles of European Contract Law prepared by the Lando Commission, and the draft “code”for the United Kingdom prepared on behalf of the English Law Commission by Harvey McGregor in the late 1960s) and in international conventions on the sale of goods. Although Scots law emerges reasonably wellfrom this exercise, there are a number of points to be taken on board in any future reform, as well as some insights into important underlying principles.

Future Development Strategies for KODISA Journals : Overview of 2017 and Strategic Plans for the Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Joong Hwang ◽  
Jung Wan Lee ◽  
Dong-Ho Kim ◽  
Jong-Ho Lee ◽  
Byung-Goo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
The Future
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