scholarly journals   Determination of correction coefficient of average skidding distance according to the existing road network in Alikia Soltan forest of Iran  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 475-478
Author(s):  
M. Rezaei ◽  
F. Shafizade ◽  
M.A. Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Hyrcanian Forest ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Average Slope

One of the factors in planning forest roads is average skidding distance which is calculated in projects from the map, according to forest road density, however it has a low accuracy. In this study real average skidding distance and theoretical average skidding distance were measured to determine a correction coefficient in Alikia Soltan forest in Hyrcanian forest. In this study real average skidding distance was obtained by putting a meter on the axes of trails. Moreover, theoretical average skidding distance was calculated by means of road density according to the formula. Skid trails were recorded by GPS and overlaid to a topographic map by means of ArcGIS software. Results indicated that for the study area with the average slope of 27% and road density of 10.32 the correction coefficient is 2.1.

scholarly journals Assessment of the state of a forest road network as a basis for making a program of forest management unit opening

2014 ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Milorad Danilovic ◽  
Dusan Stojnic
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
The State ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Absolute Density

The planning of a forest road network is preceded by a detailed analysis of the current qualitative and quantitative state of forest roads, and above all, the determination of their spatial layout. This paper presents a categorization and assessment of the state of the existing roads in the FMUs "Zeljin" and "Bukovik II" and defining of the parts of management units with insufficiently developed networks of forest roads. The identification of unopened and insufficiently opened parts of management units was performed on the basis of density of a forest road network by departments and using a fishnet with 500 x 500 m cell dimensions and buffer zones of different widths around forest roads. The absolute density of a forest road network in the FMU "Zeljin" is 18.62 m/ha and in the FMU "Bukovik II" 12.03 m/ha. After placing buffer zones around forest roads, it was found that in the FMU "Zeljin" over 56% of the area is covered by the zone ranging from 0 to 200 m, while in the FMU "Bukovik II" this zone covers 48% of the area.

scholarly journals Forest road network assessment using lookout points orienting in Hyrcanian forest using GIS – Short Communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 402-408
Author(s):  
Hosseini Seyed Ata Ollah ◽  
Gorgandipur Mohsen ◽  
Nikooy Mehrdad
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Hyrcanian Forest ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Road ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Opening Up

Road is a necessity for attaining ideas, principles and management plan in a forestry unit (district). The forest road network design must be aimed at a multi-purpose use of roads such as landscaping and tourism activities. This study was performed in the Namkhaneh section of Kheyrud forest 10 km east of Noshahr (Hyrcanian forest). First, the map of factors affecting the road routing was provided including trees type, soil, aspect, slope, altitude, etc. using GIS and determined parts of lookout on a topographic map of the study area. Then a new variant was designed as the secondary road and turnoff from the existing road trying to pass from more parts of lookout in its designing. Finally, existing and completive road networks were compared in terms of opening up and parts of lookout using the Backmund method. The results showed that the completive road network has more forest openness and more parts of lookout compared to the existing road network.

scholarly journals Calculating the correction factor of skidding distance based on forest road network

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lotfalian ◽  
E.H. Zadeh ◽  
S.A. Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Correction Factor ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Topographical Map ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gis Software

  Average skidding distance for forest stands is an important parameter for the determination of the optimum road density and spacing. In this research the real mean skidding distance and theoretical mean skidding distance were measured to calculate the correction factor of skidding distance for Chafrood forest in Hyrcanian zone. The length and azimuth of skid trails from road and depot junction to forest interior were measured. Moreover, the position of skid trail was recorded by GPS. These skid trails with a buffer of 140 m were designed on a topographical map using Arc GIS software. Results indicated that the road spacing of 500 m in the study area resulted in a theoretical mean skidding distance of 125 m. For a real mean skidding distance of 525.9 m and for the mean slope of 40%, the correction factor was estimated to be 4.2.

scholarly journals Development and perspective of the forest road infrastructure in the Republic of Macedonia

2015 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Zdravko Trajanov ◽  
Ljupcho Nestorovski ◽  
Pande Trajkov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Optimal Density ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Republic

This paper determines the historical development of infrastructure in the forest, streaming the development of the forest road network as a dominant element of infrastructure. The paper also covers the current condition with the openness of forests in Republic of Macedonia. On the basis of scientific research, the results from the optimal density of forest roads are determined. The paper also covers the period for which it is expected to achieve the goals of optimization which is the most efficient forest management without significantly affecting the ecological functions of the forest.

DESIGNING AN OPTIMAL FOREST ROAD NETWORK BY CONSIDERATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN GIS OPTIMALIŲ MIŠKO KELIŲ TINKLO PROJEKTAVIMAS ĮVERTINUS POVEIKĮ APLINKAI GIS PROGRAMA / ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ OПTИMAЛЬHOЙ CETИ ЛECHЫX ДOPOГ С УЧЕТОМ BOЗДEЙCTBИЯ HA OKPYЖAЮЩYЮ CPEДY, ОЦЕНЕННОГО С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ГИС

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ataollah Hosseini ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mazrae ◽  
Majid Lotfalian ◽  
Aidin Parsakhoo
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Road Verge ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Planning ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
Northern Forests ◽  
The Cost

Planning of forest road network is the most important issue for sustainable management of northern forests in Iran. This study represented a technical method of forest road planning by using GIS (Geographic Information Systems) in Vatan forestry plan of Golestan province, Iran. The aim of this study was to find out options for the optimization of skid trail length and for decreasing the negative effects of redundant skid trail length. Results of this study showed that the total length of forest road and the road network density was 36745 m and 8.68 m ha−1, respectively. 54% of the area was covered by these roads. 98.06 km skid trail was planned from road verge into the forest interior. The density of this skidding trail was 23.17 m ha−1. The suggested road network length measured using GIS was 47.23 km. Road density was 10.87 m ha−1, with 79% coverage. Skid trail length was 81.04 km, and skid trail density was 19.15 m ha−1. On the basis of GIS measurements, the skid trails on new road network system had shorter length and more frequency. This causes to decrease the cost of primary transportation. Moreover, in this plan the roads with suitable coverage passed from stable slopes. Santrauka Miško kelių tinklo planavimas – viena svarstomų problemų, siekiant užtikrinti tvarią miškotvarkos sistemą šiaurinėje Irano dalyje esančiuose miškuose. Šiame straipsnyje pristatomas miško kelių planavimo techninis metodas, taikant GIS (geografinės informacinės sistemos) programą ir naudojant Vatan miško, Golestan provincijoje, Irane, planus. Šio tyrimo tikslas – išsiaiškinti galimybes, kaip optimizuoti miško keliukų ilgį ir sumažinti neigiamą poveikį miškui, mažinant perteklinį šių keliukų trasos ilgį. Pirminiai rezultatai parodė, kad bendras esamų kelių ilgis siekia 36 745 km, kelių tinklas aprėpė 54% visos tiriamosios teritorijos, tankis siekė 8,68 m ha−1, o optimalus miško kelių tinklas buvo rengiamas pagal esamą 98,06 km ilgio miško keliukų tinklą, kurio tankis – 23,17 m ha−1. Bendras siūlomo kelių tinklo ilgis siekia 47,23 km, tankumas – 10,87 m ha−1, jis aprėpia 79% teritorijos. Miško keliukų ilgis – 81,04 km, tankumas – 19,15 m·ha−1. Remiantis GIS matavimais, naujo miško keliukų tinklo keliukai buvo trumpesni, tačiau jų tinklas tankesnis. Dėl šios priežasties mažėja pirminės transporto išlaidos ir sukuriama optimali miško keliukų aprėptis, pagerinamas prieinamumas. Резюме Планирование сети лесных дорог является одним из важнейших вопросов при создании упорядоченной системылесохозяйствования в северной части Ирана. В статье представлен технический метод планирования лесохозяйственной деятельности (прокладки дорог) с использованием ГИС и плана леса Ватан в провинции Гулистан Ирана. Целью исследования было выяснить возможности оптимизации длины лесных дорог и уменьшениянегативных последствий их избыточной длины. Результаты исследования показали, что общая протяженность существующих лесных дорог составляет 36 745 км, сеть дорог охватывает 54% всей исследованной территории,ее плотность – 8,68 м га−1. Оптимальная сеть лесных дорог создавалась на основании имеющейся сети лесных дорог, протяженность которой 98,06 км, плотность – 23,17 м гa−1. Протяженность предлагаемой сети дорог составит 47,23 км, плотность – 10,87 м гa−1, она охватит 79% территории. Длина лесных дорог составит 81,04 км, а плотность – 19,15 м·гa−1. На основании измерений, проведенных с использованием ГИС, длина дорог лесной сети стала короче, а сеть более густой. В связи с этим снижаются первичные затраты на транспорт, охват леснымидорогами становится более оптимальным, увеличивается доступность.

scholarly journals Simulation of the effects of forest roads on stormflow generation using GIS and 2D vadose zone hydrological model

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Orfánus ◽  
Marián Jenčo ◽  
Juraj Bebej ◽  
Martin Benko
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Infiltration Excess

Abstract There was a destructive flood on Gidra river on June induced by 104-mm rainfall during 3 h on 7 June 2011. The total flood discharge was estimated to be 531,000 m3. The upper part of the Gidra river catchment is forested by more than 95%, but the forest floor has been disrupted to a large extent by intensive logging activities in the basin. Forest road density is up to 10 km/km2 in the catchment. The field inspections in the catchments revealed that approximately 25% of forest roads have been deepened down to the less permeable subsoil directly during their construction or by subsequent traffic and soil erosion. Forest roads affect runoff generation via two mechanisms: (1) generation of infiltration-excess runoff on road surfaces and (2) capturing of hillslope surface and subsurface water by road incisions. Infiltration-excess water runoff from all compacted surfaces was estimated to be about 54,000 m3 by simply multiplying the compacted area by the difference between the precipitation and infiltration. More challenging was to quantify the transformation of hillslope water to the road-surface runoff. We have suggested the methodological approach that combines the GIS analyses of the terrain with mathematical simulations of the subsurface water exfiltration from hillslopes to the road surfaces using HYDRUS 2D model. Simulations based on the variability of slope inclinations and slope lengths within catchment revealed that drainage of the upward hillslopes by forest roads and deeper logging lines increased the forest road runoff by another 6,000-15,000 m3 of water.

scholarly journals Technical assessment of forest road network using Backmund and surface distribution algorithm in a hardwood forest of Hyrcanian zone

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. e059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidin Parsakhoo
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Surface Distribution ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Geometrical Center ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Distribution Algorithms ◽  
Technical Assessment ◽  
Better Than

Aim of study: Corrected Backmund and Surface Distribution Algorithms (SDA) for analysis of forest road network are introduced and presented in this study. Research was carried out to compare road network performance between two districts in a hardwood forest.Area of study: Shast Kalateh forests, Iran. Materials and methods: In uncorrected Backmund algorithm, skidding distance was determined by calculating road density and spacing and then it was designed as Potential Area for Skidding Operations (PASO) in ArcGIS software. To correct this procedure, the skidding constraint areas were taken using GPS and then removed from PASO. In SDA, shortest perpendicular distance from geometrical center of timber compartments to road was measured at both districts. Main results: In corrected Backmund, forest openness in district I and II were 70.3% and 69.5%, respectively. Therefore, there was little difference in forest openness in the districts based on the uncorrected Backmund. In SDA, the mean distance from geometrical center of timber compartments to the roads of districts I and II were 199.45 and 149.31 meters, respectively. Forest road network distribution in district II was better than that of district I relating to SDA.Research highlights: It was concluded that uncorrected Backmund was not precise enough to assess forest road network, while corrected Backmund could exhibit a real PASO by removing skidding constraints. According to presented algorithms, forest road network performance in district II was better than district I.

scholarly journals Evaluation of forest road network and determining timber extraction system using GIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Çalişkan ◽  
Uzay Karahalil
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Extraction System ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Cable Crane ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Timber Extraction

Secondary forest road network planning and primary timber extraction systems play very important roles in sustainable forest management. The progression of forest areas in Turkey and the world towards mountains as well as the increase in working obligations have made timber extraction systems gain more importance. The forest areas found in mountainous lands with harsh slopes in Turkey makes timber extraction systems more problematic and more complex. The objective of this study is to develop a model for timber extraction systems using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis considering terrain morphology and secondary forest road network. Additionally the forest road network in Anbardağ forest planning unit of Giresun province in Turkey was investigated considering forest road density and forest road spacing. According to obtained results, the forest road length was 226.34 km, forest road density was 11.74 m/ha, forest road spacing was 851.7 m and road coverage was 51% of the study area. Chainsaw–small size cable crane (36.76%) and chainsaw–medium size cable crane (27.94%) were selected as the most suitable timber extraction systems for the steep terrain study area according to our model. They were followed by chainsaw–forest tractor (23.52%), chainsaw–agriculture tractor (10.29%) and chainsaw–sledge yarder (1.49%). The results of this study showed that GIS saved a considerable amount of labor force, time and cost for the evaluation of forest road network as well as the development model for timber extraction system.

scholarly journals Determination of the optimal density of the forest road network

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tihomir Krumov
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
National Average ◽  
Network Density ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Optimal Density ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
State Educational

The forest road network is invariably linked to forestry and logging, as it transports logging products and products needed for forestry activities. Constructing and maintaining it in good condition are essential. In view of the economic situation in the country and the financial difficulties faced by forest holdings in the construction and maintenance of the forest road network, it is necessary to determine the optimal hauling distance and the optimal density of the primary forest road network. The analysis of the forest road network in the territory of the State Educational Experimental Forestry Enterprise “Georgi Avramov”, Yundola village, showed that the density of the primary forest road network is several times higher than the national average, namely 20.31 m'·ha–1, yet it does not reach the optimal road network density calculated at the farm, of 30.9 m'·ha–1, at a hauling distance of 323.15 m.<br /><br />

scholarly journals Relationship between forest road length and village development during three decades in Neka-Zalemrood forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Hosseini ◽  
M.E. Khalili ◽  
M. Pourmajidian ◽  
A. Fallah ◽  
A. Parsakhoo
Keyword(s):  
Positive Development ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Development Index ◽  
National Population ◽  
The Third ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The Village

Forest roads are built to facilitate the transport of personnel and wood, and so to promote village development. In this study 18 development indices of village in relation to increasing forest road density were evaluated during three decades for the villages of Aryam, Estakhrposht, Hosein Abad, Daram, Sarm and Darzikola in Neka-Zalemrood forest. According to the National Population and Housing Census of Iran (NPHCI), the rank of zero was considered for cases when a village did not have a specific facility and the rank of one was considered for cases when a village had a specific facility and service. The total length of forest roads was measured on maps from the years 1986, 1996 and 2006. Results showed that the total length of built roads at the end of 1986, 1996 and 2006 was 7, 25&nbsp;and 36 km, respectively. Index of development in the village of Estakhrposht and Daram was positive at the end of the second decade whereas the villages of Estakhrposht, Daram, Aryam and Darzikola with ranks of 1.494; 0.053; 0.293 and 0.053 had positive development index in the third decade. The index of development in other villages was still negative at the end of 2006. The villages of Sarm and Daram enjoyed 5 and 7 services and facilities, respectively, in the second decade. So, their development index increased from &ndash;0.3 to 0.06 for Sarm and from &ndash;0.3 to 0.17 for Daram. 7.5 km of forest roads in the village of Estakhrposht were asphalted in the third decade (1996&ndash;2006) and the village of Estakhrposht&nbsp; enjoyed 18 development indices in total. &nbsp;

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