scholarly journals Optimum proportion of standardized ileal digestible sulfur amino acid to lysine to maximize the performance of 25–50 kg growing pigs fed reduced crude protein diets fortified with amino acids

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 302-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Zhang ◽  
P.A. Thacker ◽  
J.K. Htoo ◽  
S.Y. Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Optimum Proportion ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

scholarly journals Progress towards reduced-crude protein diets for broiler chickens and sustainable chicken-meat production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Yun Liu ◽  
Shemil P. Macelline ◽  
Peter V. Chrystal ◽  
Peter H. Selle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein

AbstractThe prime purpose of this review is to explore the pathways whereby progress towards reduced-crude protein (CP) diets and sustainable chicken-meat production may be best achieved. Reduced-CP broiler diets have the potential to attenuate environmental pollution from nitrogen and ammonia emissions; moreover, they have the capacity to diminish the global chicken-meat industry’s dependence on soybean meal to tangible extents. The variable impacts of reduced-CP broiler diets on apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients are addressed. The more accurate identification of amino acid requirements for broiler chickens offered reduced-CP diets is essential as this would diminish amino acid imbalances and the deamination of surplus amino acids. Deamination of amino acids increases the synthesis and excretion of uric acid for which there is a requirement for glycine, this emphasises the value of so-called “non-essential” amino acids. Starch digestive dynamics and their possible impact of glucose on pancreatic secretions of insulin are discussed, although the functions of insulin in avian species require clarification. Maize is probably a superior feed grain to wheat as the basis of reduced-CP diets; if so, the identification of the underlying reasons for this difference should be instructive. Moderating increases in starch concentrations and condensing dietary starch:protein ratios in reduced-CP diets may prove to be advantageous as expanding ratios appear to be aligned to inferior broiler performance. Threonine is specifically examined because elevated free threonine plasma concentrations in birds offered reduced-CP diets may be indicative of compromised performance. If progress in these directions can be realised, then the prospects of reduced-CP diets contributing to sustainable chicken-meat production are promising.

High protein wheats for poultry. 1. Use in broiler diets

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (53) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Turner ◽  
GG Payne
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Factor ◽  
Protein Diets

High protein wheat was the sole cereal in 20 and 25 per cent crude protein broiler starter diets. On the. 25 per cent protein diet, performance was maximized without amino acid supplementation. Using high protein wheat in 20 per cent protein diets, growth rate was improved by l-lysine supplementation of 0.3 per cent. However, this growth rate was not at a maximum level. Some other dietary factor was necessary, and this did not appear to be essential amino acids, singly or in combination.

scholarly journals Industrial amino acids in diets for piglets and growing pigs

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 673-683
Author(s):  
J. Inborr ◽  
K. Suomi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Slaughter Pigs ◽  
Protein Diets

Two production trials with piglets and one with slaughter pigs were carried out in order to investigate the effects of reducing the protein content in the diets followed by an addition of industrial amino acids on performance and health status. In the first piglet trial the crude protein content of the control diet was decreased from 20 to 18.3 % and in the second from 18.3 to 16.7 %. In the trial with growing pigs, the protein content of the control diet was decreased from 17.0 to 15.5 %. Industrial L-lysine, DL-methionine and L-threonine were added to the low protein diets to get the same levels of these amino acids as in the control diets. Piglet performance was similar on all treatments indicating equal availability of added and protein-bound amino acids. Health status of piglets on the low protein diets was considerably improved, indicating less predisposition to post weaning diarrhoea. Pigs on the low protein amino acid fortified diet tended to gain weight faster (788 vs. 743 g/day; p

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Fecal Crude Protein, Amino Acids Flow Amount, Fecal and Ileal Microbial Amino Acids Composition and Amino Acid Digestibility in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Zhenguo Yang ◽  
Tianle He ◽  
Gifty Ziema Bumbie ◽  
Hong Hu ◽  
Qingju Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
Protein Amino Acids

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of low protein corn-soybean meal-based diets on fecal CP, amino acid (AA) flow amount, AA digestibility and fecal and ileal microbial AA composition in growing pigs. Eighteen pigs (initial body weight = 30 ± 1.35) were randomly divided into three groups and fed with basal diets with CP levels of 12%, 15% and 18%, respectively. The Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp level in the 12% CP and 15% CP groups is the same as 18% CP group by the addition of four crystalline Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp to the diet. The results showed that with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%, the fecal total nitrogen (N), CP and total AA (TAA) flow amount decreased linearly (p < 0.05). Dry matter (DM) digestibility, CP digestibility, TAA digestibility, essential amino acid (EAA) digestibility and non-essential amino acid (NEAA) digestibility increased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP concentration from 18% to 12%. Compared with 18% CP group, the flow amount of Asp, Ser, Glu, Gly, Tyr, Val, Leu and Phe in feces of pigs in the 15% CP group and 12% CP group decreased significantly, while the flow amount of Arg in the 15% CP group was lower than that in the 18% CP group and 12% CP group. The fecal microbial N and AA of the 15% CP group were higher than those of the 18% CP and 12% CP groups. Fecal TAA flow amount decreased linearly with the decrease of the dietary CP levels from 18% to 12%. Fecal TAA and NEAA flow amount also decreased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%. Except for Glu, Gly, Met, Tyr, Thr and Phe, there were significant differences among the three groups in the composition of 17 kinds of AAs in fecal microorganisms. Among the 17 AA compositions of ileal microorganisms, except Tyr and Lys, the other AAs were significantly different among the three groups (p < 0.05)

scholarly journals The direct and difference procedures result in similar estimates for amino acid digestibility in feed ingredients fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryane S F Oliveira ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
The Difference

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that values for standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings obtained using the direct procedure are not different from values obtained using the difference procedure. Sixteen ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW: 69.5 ± 5.0 kg) were allotted to a replicated 8 × 4 Youden Square design with 8 diets and 4 periods. Each period consisted of 5 d of adaptation to the diet and 2 d of collection of ileal digesta. Four diets were based on soybean meal (SBM), corn, wheat, or wheat middlings as the only AA-containing ingredients. Three additional diets were based on a mixture of SBM and corn, SBM and wheat, or SBM and wheat middlings, and an N-free diet was also used. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the SID of crude protein (CP) and AA for the 4 diets containing SBM, corn, wheat, or wheat middlings as the sole source of AA were calculated using the direct procedure. The AID and SID of CP and AA for the 3 mixed diets containing SBM and corn, wheat, or wheat middlings were also calculated and the contribution of digestible AA from SBM was subtracted from the AID or SID values for the diets. The AID or SID of AA in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings were subsequently calculated by difference. Results indicated that the AID values for a few AA were lower (P &lt; 0.05) if the direct procedure was used instead of the difference procedure, regardless of ingredient. The AID of Trp was greater in corn and wheat middlings, and the SID of Trp in corn and wheat middlings tended to be greater, if the direct procedure rather than the difference procedure was used, but that was not the case for wheat (interaction, P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.10, respectively). However, for all other indispensable AA, and for most of the dispensable AA, the SID of AA in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings was not different between the difference procedure and the direct procedure. Therefore, values for SID of AA in cereal grains and fiber-rich ingredients may be determined using either the direct or the difference procedure.

Amino acid requirements of growing pigs 2. Identification of the limiting amino acid(s) in a low-protein diet supplemented with lysine

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Taylor ◽  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid

ABSTRACTA basal diet containing 120 g crude protein per kg and 9g lysine per kg, and previously shown to be limiting in one or more essential amino acids and/or non-essential nitrogen, was examined. It was fed either alone to growing female pigs from 25 kg to 55 kg live weight or in combination with four supplements of synthetic amino acids each containing three out of isoleucine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan. A control diet containing 140 g crude protein per kg and 9g lysine per kg was also included. Blood samples were collected at 40 kg live weight in order to examine the influence of dietary treatments on blood metabolites. Results for growth performance, carcass composition and blood urea indicated that threonine was the first limiting amino acid in the basal diet. Plasma free amino acids gave no clear trend. Growth performance and carcass composition were unaffected by supplementation of the diet with glycine indicating that the dietary supply of non-essential nitrogen was adequate.

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