scholarly journals Comparison of models for estimating genetic parameters and predicting breeding values for birth weight and calving ease in Czech Charolais cattle 

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 302-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vostrý ◽  
Z. Veselá ◽  
A. Svitáková ◽  
H. Vostrá Vydrová
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Heritability Estimates

The most appropriate model for genetic parameters estimation for calving ease and birth weight in beef cattle was selected. A total of 27 402 field records were available from the Czech Charolais breed. For estimation of genetic parameters for calving ease and body weight, three bivariate models were tested: a linear-linear animal model (L-LM) with calving ease classified into four categories (1 – easy; 2–4 – most difficult), a linear-linear animal model (SC-LM) in which calving ease scores were transformed into Snell scores (Snell 1964) and expressed as percentage of assisted calving (ranging 0–100%), and a bivariate threshold-linear animal model (T-LM) with calving ease classified into four categories (1 – easy, 2–4 – most difficult). All tested models included fixed effects for contemporary group (herd × year × season), age of dam, sex and breed of a calf. Random effects included direct and maternal genetic effects, maternal permanent environmental effect, and residual error. Direct heritability estimates for calving ease and birth weight were, with the use of L-LM, SC-LM, and T-LM, from 0.096 ± 0.013 to 0.226 ± 0.024 and from 0.210 ± 0.024 to 0.225 ± 0.026, respectively. Maternal heritability estimates for calving ease and birth weight were, with the use of L-LM, SC-LM, and T-LM, from 0.060 ± 0.031 to 0.104 ± 0.125 and from 0.074 ± 0.041 to 0.075 ± 0.040, respectively. Genetic correlations of direct calving ease with direct birth weight ranged from 0.46 ± 0.06 to 0.50 ± 0.06 for all tested models; whereas maternal genetic correlations between these two traits ranged from 0.24 ± 0.17 to 0.25 ± 0.53. Correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects within-trait were negative and substantial for all tested models (ranging from –0.574 ± 0.125 to –0.680 ± 0.141 for calving ease and from –0.553 ± 0.122 to –0.558 ± 0.118 for birth weight, respectively), illustrating the importance of including this parameter in calving ease evaluations. Results indicate that any of the tested models could be used to reliably estimate genetic parameters for calving ease for beef cattle in the Czech Republic. However, because of advantages in computation time and practical considerations, genetic analysis using SC-LM (transformed data) is recommended.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for calving ease, gestation length and stillbirth in three endangered Austrian blond cattle breeds

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-560
Author(s):  
S. Manatrinon ◽  
B. Fürst-Waltl ◽  
R. Baumung
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Abstract. Genetic parameters were estimated for stillbirth, calving ease and gestation length in three endangered Austrian blond cattle breeds, Carinthian Blond, Murboden and Waldviertel Blond. REML analysis based on an animal model including direct and maternal genetic effects was applied. Direct heritability estimates for calving ease, stillbirth and gestation length varied from 0.003 to 0.111, 0.006 to 0.044 and 0.235 to 0.512, respectively, while maternal heritabilities ranged from 0.001 to 0.007 for calving ease, 0.005 to 0.014 for stillbirth, and 0.002 to 0.063 for gestation length. All pairwise genetic correlations for direct traits were generally moderate to high except for stillbirth-calving ease (−0.077, Carinthian Blond). The genetic correlations of all pairs of the 3 direct traits were positive for Murboden (0.520 to 0.700) and Waldviertel Blond (0.253 to 0.707) while negative genetic correlations were detected for Carinthian Blond (−0.077 to −0.943). Close positive genetic correlations were found between direct stillbirth and calving ease of Murboden (0.700) and between direct calving ease and gestation length of Waldviertel Blond (0.707), while a close negative genetic correlation was found between direct calving ease and gestation length of Carinthian Blond (−0.943).

scholarly journals Genetic parameter of birth and weaning weights for Friesian calves by using an animal model

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Atil ◽  
A. S. Khattab ◽  
L. Badawy
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Maternal Heritability

Abstract. Birth and weaning weights of 556 Friesian calves by 41 sires out of 318 different dams over a 11 years period were obtained from a herd of Friesian in Sakha Experimental Farm, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt were used. The records were analyzed by Multiple Trait Likelihood Method (MTDFREML) by using a repeatability animal model (BOLDMAN et al., 1995). Convergence was attained after 699 iterations. The fixed effects included in the model were season and year of calving, parity and sex and the random effects were direct and maternal genetic, permanent maternal environmental and error. Direct heritability estimates for birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW) are 0.28 and 0.13, respectively, while, maternal heritability estimates for the same traits are 0.14 and 0.06, respectively. Repeatability estimates are 0.75 and 0.15 for BW and WW, respectively. Phenotypic and genetic correlations are 0.89 and 0.80, respectively. Estimates of calve breeding values ranged from −3.12 to 4.11 kg for BW and ranged from −4.10 to 5.11 kg for WW. Sire breeding values ranged from −3.40 to 2.99 kg for BW and ranged from −2.50 to 4.47 kg for WW. Dam breeding values ranged from −6.80 to 5.54 kg for BW and ranged from -6.10 to 6.39 kg for WW.

Estimates of (co)variances due to direct and maternal effects for body weights in Timahdite sheep

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Boujenane ◽  
J. Kansari
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
Maternal Heritability

AbstractGenetic parameters for body weights in Timahdite sheep were estimated using records of 10370 lambs from the ‘Société Nationale de Développement de l’Elevage’ born in 1988-89 to 1998-99. An animal model with derivativefree restricted maximum likelihood procedures was used. Random effects were direct and maternal additive genetic, maternal permanent environmental, and error. Direct and maternal heritability estimates were 0·05 and 0·05 for birth weight, 0·02 and 0·07 for weight at 30 days, 0·07 and 0·08 for weight at 70 days, 0·06 and 0·01 for weight at 90 days. Estimates of fraction of variance due to maternal permanent environmental effects were close to zero, except for weight at 90 days. Genetic correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects were –0·55, –0·51, –0·50 and –0·17 for body weights at birth, 30, 70 and 90 days, respectively. Estimates of direct genetic correlations among body weights were positive and high, ranging from 0·69 to unity. Phenotypic correlations were positive and moderate to high, being lower than their corresponding direct genetic correlations. Estimates of correlations between maternal genetic effects among weights were positive and high, varying from 0·79 to unity. Cross-correlations between direct genetic effects for one weight and maternal genetic effects for another weight were consistently negative, ranging from –0·05 to –0·63. These results indicate that selecting for improved maternal and/or direct effects in Timahdite sheep is expected to generate only slow genetic progress in terms of early growth.

Genetic parameters for calving difficulty using complex genetic models in five beef breeds in Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Jeyaruban ◽  
D. J. Johnston ◽  
B. Tier ◽  
H.-U. Graser
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Direct Genetic Effect ◽  
Calving Difficulty

Data on Angus (ANG), Charolais (CHA), Hereford (HER), Limousin (LIM) and Simmental (SIM) cattle were used to estimate genetic parameters for calving difficulty (CD), birthweight (BWT) and gestation length (GL) using threshold-linear models and to examine the effect of inclusion of random effect of sire × herd interaction (SxH) in the models. For models without SxH, estimated heritabilities for direct genetic effect of CD were 0.24 (±0.02), 0.22 (±0.04), 0.31 (±0.02), 0.22 (±0.04) and 0.17 (±0.01) for ANG, CHA, HER, LIM and SIM, respectively, whereas maternal heritabilities ranged from 0.13 to 0.20. Estimated heritabilities for direct genetic effect of BWT were 0.38 (±0.01), 0.37 (±0.03), 0.46 (±0.01), 0.35 (±0.02) and 0.36 (±0.01) for ANG, CHR, HER, LIM and SIM, respectively, whereas maternal heritabilities ranged from 0.08 to 0.11. Estimated heritabilities for direct genetic effect of GL were 0.59 (±0.02), 0.42 (±0.04), 0.50 (±0.03), 0.45 (±0.04) and 0.42 (±0.03) for ANG, CHR, HER, LIM and SIM, respectively, whereas maternal heritabilities ranged from 0.03 to 0.09. Genetic correlations between direct genetic effects of CD with BWT were highly positive and with GL were moderately positive for all five breeds. Estimated genetic correlations between direct genetic effects and maternal genetic effects (rdm) ranged across the five breeds from –0.40 (±0.05) to –0.16 (±0.02), –0.41 (±0.03) to –0.27 (±0.08) and –0.47 (±0.10) to –0.06 (±0.12) for BWT, GL and CD, respectively. Fitting SxH interaction as additional random effect significantly increased the log-likelihood for analyses of BWT, GL and CD of all breeds, except for GL of CHA. The estimated heritabilities were less than or equal to the estimates obtained with models omitting SxH. The rdm increased (i.e. became less negative) for BWT, GL and CD of all five breeds. However, the increase for GL was not substantially high in comparison to the increase observed for BWT and CD. Genetic parameters obtained for BWT, GL and CD, by fitting SxH as an additional random effect, are more appropriate to use in the genetic evaluation of calving ease in BREEDPLAN.

Results of multivariate individual animal model genetic evaluations of british pedigree beef cattle

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Crumps ◽  
G. Simm ◽  
D. Nicholson ◽  
R. H. Findlay ◽  
J. G. E. Bryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Group Sex ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Genetic Evaluations ◽  
Genetic Trends

AbstractThis paper reports the procedures put into place in the UK for the genetic evaluation of pedigree beef cattle and estimation of genetic trends using a comprehensive model to allow critical analysis of progress made under previous data recording schemes. Live weights of Simmental, Limousin, Charolais, South Devon and Aberdeen Angus beef cattle, recorded by the Meat and Livestock Commission (MLC) from 1970 to 1992 were analysed, as part of a project to introduce best linear unbiased predictions (BLUP) of breeding value in the British beef industry. Birth weights were available from MLC or the relevant breed society, (4000 to 84000 records, depending on the breed) and 200- and 400-day weights were estimated by within-animal linear regression on all available weights (resulting in 8000 to 48000 records per breed). Animals were retrospectively assigned to contemporary groups within herds, separately for each trait, taking account of observed calving patterns. Records were adjusted to correct for heterogeneity of variance between herds. BLUP evaluations were then performed within breed, fitting a multivariate individual animal model. In addition to additive direct genetic effects, additive maternal genetic and dam permanent environmental effects were included for birth weight and 200-day weight. Unknown parents were assigned to genetic groups, based on estimated date of birth. The model included fixed effects for contemporary group, sex, month of birth, birth type (single or multiple), embryo transfer births, fostered calves, breed of dam, proportion purebred and age of dam. Genetic trends were estimated by regressing estimated breeding values for animals on their year of birth. Trends in birth weight, 200-day weight and 400-day weight between 1970 and 1992 were approximately 0·09, 0·73 and 1·38 kg per annum respectively for the Charolais breed; 0·08, 0·76 and 1·33 kg per annum for the Simmental; 0·06, 0·53 and 0·89 kg per annum for the Limousin; 0·12, 1·02 and 1·86 kg per annum for the Aberdeen Angus; and 0·03, 0·38 and 0·82 kg per annum for the South Devon breed.

scholarly journals Analysis of non-genetic and genetic influences underlying the growth of Kajli lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-625
Author(s):  
A. Ali ◽  
K. Javed ◽  
I. Zahoor ◽  
K.M. Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Birth Type

Data on 2931 Kajli lambs, born from 2007 to 2018, were used to quantify environmental and genetic effects on growth performance of Kajli sheep. Traits considered for evaluation were birth weight (BWT), 120-day adjusted weight (120DWT), 180-day adjusted weight (180DWT), 270-day adjusted weight (270DWT), and 365-day adjusted weight (365DWT). Fixed effects of year of birth, season of birth, sex, birth type, and dam age on these traits were evaluated using linear procedures of SAS, 9.1. Similarly, BWT, 120DWT, 180DWT, and 270DWT were used as fixed effects mixed model analyses. Variance components, heritability and breeding values were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood. The genetic trend for each trait was obtained by regression of the estimated breeding values (EBV) on year of birth. Analyses revealed substantial influence of birth year on all traits. Sex and birth type were the significant sources of variation for BWT and 120DWT. Season of birth did not influence birth weight meaningfully, but had a significant role in the expression of 120DWT, 180DWT, and 270DWT. Heritability estimates were generally low (0.003 ± 0.018 to 0.099 ± 0.067) for all traits. With the exception of the genetic correlation of 180DWT and 365DWT, the genetic correlations between trait were strong and positive. Only 365DWT had a positive genetic trend. Although the heritability estimates for almost all weight traits were low, high and positive genetic correlations between BWT and other weight traits suggest that selection based on BWT would result in the improvement of other weight traits as a correlated response.Keywords: bodyweight, breeding value, genetic correlation, sheep

scholarly journals Selection of a suitable data set and model for the estimation of genetic parameters of the weaning weight in beef cattle

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 562-574
Author(s):  
L. Vostrý ◽  
J. Přibyl ◽  
Z. Veselá ◽  
V. Jakubec
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Estimation Of Genetic Parameters ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. The objective of this paper was to select a suitable data subset and statistical model for the estimation of genetic parameters for weaning weight of beef cattle in the Czech Republic. Nine subsets were tested for the selection of a suitable subset. The subsets differed from each other in the limit of sampling criteria. The most suitable subset satisfied these conditions: at least 5 individuals per each sire, 5 individuals per HYS (herd, year, season), 2 sires per HYS, and individuals per dams that have at least one half-sister and two offspring (n = 4 806). The selection of a suitable model was carried out from 10 models. These models comprised some of the random effects: direct genetic effect, maternal genetic effect, permanent maternal environment effect, HYS, sire × herd or sire × year interaction, and some of the fixed effects: dam’s age, sex (young bull, heifer × single, twin born), HYS, year, herd. The direct heritability (h2a) ranged from 0.06 to 0.17, of maternal heritability (h2m) from 0.03 to 0.06. The genetic correlations between the direct and maternal effect (ram) were in the range of –0.15 –0.42.

GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR MATERNAL TRAITS IN BEEF CATTLE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. TRUS ◽  
J. W. WILTON
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Maternal Heritability ◽  
Maternal Grandsire

Direct (D) and maternal (M) parameters for birth weight (BW), preweaning gain (WG) and calving ease (CE) were estimated for Angus (AN), Hereford (HE), Charolais (CH), Simmental (SM) and Shorthorn (SS). Data for the study were collected by Agriculture Canada from 1973 to 1983 for use in the National Sire Monitoring Program. Variances were estimated for each breed by a modified Method IV applied to a sire-maternal grandsire model with herd-year-seasons and age of dam × sex of calf as fixed effects. Genetic correlations (D/M) between D and M effects for WG in AN, HE, SS, CH and SM were −0.54, −0.42, −0.14, −0.26 and −0.45, respectively. Corresponding estimates of direct heritability for WG were 0.39, 0.30, 0.39, 0.27 and 0.43 and of maternal heritability 0.21, 0.27, 0.26, 0.16 and 0.20. Estimates for BW were similar to those for WG. Estimates of the D/M correlation for CE were −0.43, −0.15, −0.32, −0.74 and −0.27, of the direct heritability 0.28, 0.17, 0.19, 0.33 and 0.21, and of the maternal heritability 0.22, 0.13, 0.19, 0.23 and 0.27 for AN, HE, SS, CH and SM, respectively. Genetic trend and the introduction of new genetic lines are expected to have influenced parameter estimates. Due to negative D/M correlation estimates and moderate maternal heritabilities, selection for both the D and M components of maternal traits is advised. Key words: Variance, direct, maternal, heritability, genetic correlation, beef cattle

scholarly journals Estimation the Genetic Parameters for Milk Yield in Romanian Spotted, Simmental Type Cattle Breed

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
Rodica Stefania Pelmuș ◽  
Mircea Cătălin Rotar ◽  
Cristina Lazăr ◽  
Răzvan Alexandru Uță
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for test-day traits milk yield and the breeding value in Romanian Spotted, Simmental type cattle. Random regression test-day animal model was used to estimate the genetic parameters. The number of records were 2062 test-day from 302 cows. The data were obtained from Romanian Breeding Association Romanian Spotted, Simmental type. The heritability estimates values for milk yield ranged between 0.377 and 0.417. The heritability for fat test-day yield in our study was low the values ranged between 0.117 and 0.236 and for protein test-day yield was medium, the values ranged between 0.308 and 0.372. The breeding value for the best ten cows for milk yield ranged from 1946.57 to 3250.38 kg, for fat yield were between 64.92 and 98.86 kg and for protein ranged from 67.26 to 102.21 kg. The correlations between test-day milk yields ranging from 0.28 to 1. Genetic correlations between test day fat and protein yields were high.

REML estimates of variance and covariance components for production traits in Australian Merino sheep, using an animal model. 1. Body weight from birth to 22 months

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torshizi R Vaez ◽  
FW Nicolas ◽  
HW Raadsma
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects ◽  
Australian Merino

Variance components for direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic, and maternal environmental effects, and the covariance between direct and maternal additive genetic effects, were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures, using an animal model, for body weight between birth and 22 months of age in Australian Merino sheep. Direct heritability was estimated to be 0.30 for birth weight, 0.28 for weaning weight, 0.24 for body weight at 10 months, 0.34 for body weight at 16 months, and 0.34 for body weight at 22 months. Maternal heritability estimates were 0.29, 0.41, 0.14, 0.07, and 0.07 for the same performances, respectively. Our results suggested that for birth weight and weaning weight, maternal additive genetic effects and the covariance between direct and maternal additive genetic effects were important. Following weaning, maternal additive genetic effects were the only significant maternal effects. Genetic correlations between direct and maternal additive effects were -0.43, -0.59, and -0.29 for birth weight, weaning weight, and body weight at 10 months, respectively. Direct and maternal additive genetic correlations between birth weight and body weight performances at later ages were positive and moderate, ranging from 0.17 to 0.52 and from 0.06 to 0.65, respectively, whereas they were positive and high between weaning weight and later weights, ranging from 0.59 to 0.77 and from 0.61 to 0.85, respectively. A carry-over of maternal influence after weaning was shown. Early (indirect) selection for body weight at weaning or 10 months will achieve a substantial proportion (between 53 and 81%) of direct response for performance at later ages (16 and 22 months).

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