&nbsp; Assimilatory function and biochemical changes in Stylosanthes hamata grown under elevated CO2

M.J. Baig; R.K. Bhatt; H.S. Tiwari; P. Swami

doi:10.17221/695/2011-pse

Assimilatory function and biochemical changes in Stylosanthes hamata grown under elevated CO2

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/695/2011-pse ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 224-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.J. Baig ◽

R.K. Bhatt ◽

H.S. Tiwari ◽

P. Swami

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Protein Profile ◽

Photosynthetic Pigment ◽

Protein Accumulation ◽

Maximum Increase ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Stylosanthes Hamata ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

The Impact

We studied the impact of 360 ± 50 µL/l (ambient) and 600 ± 50 µL/L (elevated) CO2 on growth performance, biomass production, photosynthetic efficiency, carbon isotope discrimination, protein profile and some antioxidant enzymes on Stylosanthes hamata. This crop responded significantly to photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate under elevated CO2. The biomass production in terms of fresh and dry was increased in elevated CO2 by 126.81% (fresh) and 114.55% (dry) over ambient CO2. Long term exposure to elevated CO2 enhanced photosynthetic water use efficiency by 127.77%. The photosynthetic pigment, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b ratio also increased by 220.56 and 132.86%, respectively in elevated over ambient CO2. Around 149% increase in the soluble protein accumulation (mg/g FW) was recorded under elevated over ambient CO2, which was also reflected in the polyacrylamide gel profile. The isoforms of superoxide dismutase and esterase isozymes showed remarkable difference under elevated as compared to ambient. Measurement of 13δ in different plant parts indicated a significant increase in discrimination against 13C when plants were grown at elevated relative to ambient CO2. Maximum increase was recorded in roots (439.72%) followed by leaf and the stem recorded least increase in 13δ (119.94%) in elevated over ambient CO2.

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The circadian clock contributes to the long-term water use efficiency of Arabidopsis

10.1101/583526 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Noriane M. L. Simon ◽

Calum A. Graham ◽

Nicholas E. Comben ◽

Alistair M. Hetherington ◽

Antony N. Dodd

Keyword(s):

Circadian Clock ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Circadian Oscillator ◽

Circadian Regulation ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn plants, water use efficiency is a complex trait derived from numerous physiological and developmental characteristics. Here, we investigated the involvement of circadian regulation in long-term water use efficiency. Circadian rhythms are generated by the circadian oscillator, which provides a cellular measure of the time of day. In plants, the circadian oscillator contributes to the regulation of many aspects of physiology, including stomatal opening, the rate of photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and developmental processes. We investigated in Arabidopsis the impact of the misregulation of genes encoding a large number of components of the circadian oscillator upon whole plant, long-term water use efficiency. From this, we identified a role for the circadian oscillator in water use efficiency. This appears to be due to contributions of the circadian clock to the control of transpiration and biomass accumulation. We also identified that the circadian oscillator within guard cells can contribute to long-term water use efficiency. Our experiments indicate that knowledge of circadian regulation will be important for developing future crops that use water more efficiently.One-sentence summaryThe circadian clock in Arabidopsis makes an important contribution to long-term water use efficiency.

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YIELD TRENDS ON LONG-TERM DRYLAND WHEAT ROTATIONS AT LETHBRIDGE

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps82-091 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 609-619 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. FREYMAN ◽

C. J. PALMER ◽

E. H. HOBBS ◽

J. F. DORMAAR ◽

G. B. SCHAALJE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Effective Control ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Technological Changes ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Large Fluctuations ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Increase In Productivity ◽

Yield Trends ◽

The Impact

Yield trends on fields of dryland wheat rotations established in 1912 at Lethbridge, Alberta were examined to assess the impact on productivity of climatic, genetic, edaphic, and technological changes. Yields and moisture use efficiency have increased since 1963. This increase was more pronounced for crops grown on fallow than on stubble and occurred without the use of fertilizer. Applied N and P enhanced the upward trend particularly when applied to the crop grown on stubble. Yields varied widely from year to year, mainly due to large fluctuations in precipitation; however, no climatic changes were detected that could account for the increase in productivity. Improved cultivars accounted for a small portion of the yield increases. Soil N declined while pH increased over the years. The organic carbon has, after an initial loss, increased steadily. Broadleaf weeds were a serious problem until 1950, but, with the advent of 2,4-D, there was a shift to an increasing problem with wild oat for which there was no effective control until 1961 when triallate became available. This coincided roughly with the beginning of the upward trend in yield. Therefore, we suggest that chemical weed control was the main contributing factor to the yield increases. This control has resulted not only in reduced competition from weeds, but also in better seedbed moisture because fewer cultivations are needed in the spring.

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Sensitivity of carbon fluxes to flash drought based on long-term FLUXNET and satellite observations

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-6319 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Miao Zhang ◽

Xing Yuan

Keyword(s):

Extreme Case ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Carbon Fluxes ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Satellite Observations ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

The Impact ◽

Specific Definition

Flash drought is characterized by a rapid onset at subseasonal time scale and enormous impact on society and economics. However, only few extreme case studies assessed the impact of flash drought on vegetation, without specific definition to identify the rapidly intensification stage of flash drought. Here, we use soil moisture to identity flash drought events at in-situ and regional scales, and detect the response of vegetation photosynthetic function using eddy covariance and satellite observations of carbon fluxes and sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF). Different vegetation types show high sensitivity to flash drought especially for savanna and grassland, and the lag time between flash drought and ecological response is usually 8-16 days. The resistance of woody plants can be attributed to the positive anomalies of inherent water use efficiency during flash drought. Vegetation over semi-arid and semi-humid is also vulnerable to flash drought. The quick response of vegetation to flash drought is a new challenge for drought monitoring.

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Effects of long-term chemical fertilization on trends of rice yield and nutrient use efficiency under double rice cultivation in subtropical China

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/315/2014-pse ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 537-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

L. Bi ◽

J. Xia ◽

K. Liu ◽

D. Li ◽

X. Yu

Keyword(s):

Rice Yield ◽

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Subtropical China ◽

Chemical Fertilization ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

Rice Season ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Double Rice ◽

The Impact

A long-term (33 years) experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of chemical fertilization on rice yield, yield trends, soil properties, agronomic efficiency of applied nutrients and nutrient balance for the double rice cropping systems in subtropical China. The treatments were different combinations of N, P and K fertilizers (N, NP, NK and NPK), double dose of recommended NPK (2NPK) and no fertilizer control (control). Compared with no fertilizer control, all fertilization treatments had no significant effects on soil pH and SOC contents (P > 0.05), but generally increased nutrients content when corresponding elements were applied. The impact of fertilizers on grain yields was 2NPK > NPK > NP > NK > N, and application of P fertilizer not only increased the rice yield, but improved yield stability. The trend of agronomic use efficiency of applied P was significantly positive (P < 0.05) only for the first rice crop, suggesting that P fertilizer played a less important role in the second rice season than in the first rice season. The study indicated that the current local fertilizer recommendations should be optimized for the consideration of differences in indigenous nutrient supplies in different rice seasons.

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Integrative Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis at Organ Scale Reveals Gene Modules Involved in the Responses to Suboptimal Nitrogen Supply in Tomato

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1320

Author(s):

Begoña Renau-Morata ◽

Rosa-Victoria Molina ◽

Eugenio G. Minguet ◽

Jaime Cebolla-Cornejo ◽

Laura Carrillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

N Availability ◽

High Identity ◽

N Supply ◽

Integrative Analyses ◽

N Metabolism ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Gene Modules ◽

C And N ◽

The Impact

The development of high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) cultivars under low N inputs is required for sustainable agriculture. To this end, in this study, we analyzed the impact of long-term suboptimal N conditions on the metabolome and transcriptome of tomato to identify specific molecular processes and regulators at the organ scale. Physiological and metabolic analysis revealed specific responses to maintain glutamate, asparagine, and sucrose synthesis in leaves for partition to sustain growth, while assimilated C surplus is stored in the roots. The transcriptomic analyses allowed us to identify root and leaf sets of genes whose expression depends on N availability. GO analyses of the identified genes revealed conserved biological functions involved in C and N metabolism and remobilization as well as other specifics such as the mitochondrial alternative respiration and chloroplastic cyclic electron flux. In addition, integrative analyses uncovered N regulated genes in root and leaf clusters, which are positively correlated with changes in the levels of different metabolites such as organic acids, amino acids, and formate. Interestingly, we identified transcription factors with high identity to TGA4, ARF8, HAT22, NF-YA5, and NLP9, which play key roles in N responses in Arabidopsis. Together, this study provides a set of nitrogen-responsive genes in tomato and new putative targets for tomato NUE and fruit quality improvement under limited N supply.

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Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000033 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 5-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Beat Meier ◽

Anja König ◽

Samuel Parak ◽

Katharina Henke

Keyword(s):

Memory Trace ◽

Thought Suppression ◽

Test Phase ◽

Indirect Test ◽

Final Test ◽

Test Experiment ◽

And Control ◽

Cue Words ◽

The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

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