scholarly journals Host specialization of different populations  of ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea)

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pažoutová ◽  
B. Cagaš ◽  
R. Kolínská ◽  
A. Honzátko
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Coastal Salt Marshes ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Avenella Flexuosa

In our previous study of Claviceps purpurea three populations were found: G1 on open localities, G2 from shady or wet habitats and G3 on Spartina stands of coastal salt marshes. The latter two are also chemoraces. In the Czech Republic, isolates of G1 and G2 were found. The ability of four isolates representing these populations to infect and develop sclerotia on different host species (Holcus lanatus, Helictotrichon pubescens, Phalaris arundinacea, Dactylis glomerata, Arrhenatherum elatius, Bromus inermis, Bromus erectus, Elytrigia repens, Avenella flexuosa, Lolium perenne, Poa nemoralis, Poa annua, and different cultivars of Poa pratensis) was studied along with their alkaloid production. P. pratensis and D. glomerata were infected by all the isolates and sclerotia were formed by isolates 207 (G1) and 434 (G2), and on two P. pratensis cultivars even by 481 (G3). Infection ability (formation of sphacelial stage and honeydew) was less host-restricted than formation of mature sclerotia. G2 and G3 strains infected A. flexuosa without sclerotia formation. L. perenne was infected only once by strain 207 (G1) without sclerotia formation. P. annua (natural host of G2), was infected by all isolates, but no sclerotia were formed even with G2 strains. From the two G2 isolates, strain 434 from Dactylis formed sclerotia on five host species, whereas isolate 475 originating from Phragmites stand formed only sphacelia. Composition of alkaloid mixture produced in sclerotia of the same strain from various hosts confirmed that host plant does not influence the type of alkaloids produced, only their ratio.

scholarly journals Occurrence of biotic harmful agents in Czech grass seed production (1995–2004)

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
B. Cagaš ◽  
J. Macháč ◽  
J. Frydrych ◽  
R. Macháč
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Poa Trivialis

In the years 1995–2004 the spectra of weeds, diseases and pests in grasses grown for seed in the Czech Republic were examined and the effect of external factors on their changes was assessed. The species spectrum of weeds evaluated both at the time of vegetation and in samples of natural seeds was stable throughout the period and the changes in the number of individual species were caused by different proportions of grass species and stand age. The most abundant weeds were <i>Elytrigia repens</i>, <i>Matricaria</i> sp.div., <i>Anthemis<i> sp.div., <i>Apera spica-venti</i>, <i>Cirsium arvense</i>, <i>Poa trivialis</i>, <i>Rumex</i> sp.div. and <i>Chenopodium</i> sp.div. The most serious diseases were parasitic silvertop, graminicolous rusts (<i>Puccinia</i> sp.div.), <i>Blumeria graminis</i> and ergot (<i>Claviceps purpurea</i>). The rate of rust occurrence was affected by climatic conditions; the spectrum of other diseases was stable throughout this period. The most important animal pests were <i>Muridae</i> rodents.

scholarly journals The birth prevalence of lysosomal storage disorders in the Czech Republic: comparison with data in different populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Poupětová ◽  
Jana Ledvinová ◽  
Linda Berná ◽  
Lenka Dvořáková ◽  
Viktor Kožich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Lysosomal Storage Disorders ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Storage Disorders

Coastal Salt Marshes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Maria Sarika ◽  
Andreas Zikos
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Coastal Salt Marshes

scholarly journals The Influence of Zn and Cd Accumulation on the Growth and Development of Medicinal Plants in the Impact Zone of the Novocherkassk Power Station

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Chaplygin ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Saglara Mandzhieva ◽  
Dina Nevidomskaya ◽  
Natalia Chernikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Medical Plants ◽  
The Impact

Over the pastdecade, particular attention has been paid to studies of the chemical composition of medical plants to identify the possible negative consequences of using raw plant material polluted with heavy metals for the production of medical drugs. In our study, we analyzed the chemical composition of the medical plants growing in the impact area of the Novocherkassk power station. Specifically, the plants Artemisia austriaca, Poa pratensis and Elytrigia repenswere examined for the analysis.The content and distribution of Zn and Cd, which are most distributed in industrial emissions and belong to the first class of hazardous elements, were measured. The maximum permissible content (MPC) of Zn in the raw material of Artemisia austriaca and Elytrigia repens was found, as was the maximum content of Cd in all analyzed plants growing in the 5km area around thepower station. The plant Artemisia austriacawasfound to have Zn and Cd accumulation in itsabovegroundcomponents, while in Poa pratensis and Elytrigia repens, accumulation was in the roots. The morphobiometric parameters of the plants were mostly dependent on the soil properties, followed by the degree of technogenic load. The content of Zn and Cd in the medical drugs was higher than the MPC without visible features of heavy metal pollution and so these plants weredangerous for human health. Keywords: heavy metals, technogenic load, phytoreagents, morphometric parameters

Coastal salt-marshes plant communities of the Salicornietea fruticosae class in Apulia (Italy)

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Sciandrello ◽  
Valeria Tomaselli
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Salt Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Apulia Region ◽  
Coastal Salt Marshes ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Halocnemum Strobilaceum

AbstractAn overview of the salt-marsh herbland and scrub vegetation belonging to the class Salicornietea fruticosae Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex A. Bolòs y Vayreda 1950 in Apulia is presented. Data available from literature have been supplemented with original relevés performed in different locations of the Apulia region. On the basis of a total of 297 relevés, fifteen communities have been defined, according to the traditional phytosociological system based on dominant and/or diagnostic taxa. For comparison purposes, the salt-marsh vegetation has been classified using numerical methods. The results obtained show that most of the clusters correspond to specific associations, and confirm the division into vegetation alliances and orders. Numerical analysis also allowed us to assign the proper allocation of some associations and plant communities drawn from literature. Five alliances, with plant communities characterized by specific ecological features, have been discriminated: Sarcocornion alpini and Arthrocnemion glauci (lower marshes), Salicornion fruticosae (middle marshes), Inulion crithmoidis and Suaedion brevofoliae (upper marshes). In addition, during the field work, a population of Halocnemum strobilaceum (Arthrocnemo-Halocnemetum strobilacei), new record for the Apulia region, has been found.

The distribution and conservation of birds of coastal salt marshes

2014 ◽  
pp. 180-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Greenberg ◽  
Augusto Cardoni ◽  
Bruno J. Ens ◽  
Xiaojing Gan ◽  
Juan Pablo Isacch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Coastal Salt Marshes

scholarly journals Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup, a new quarantine pathogen of pines in the CR

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jankovský ◽  
M. Bednářová ◽  
D. Palovčíková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Quarantine Pathogen ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
First Time ◽  
Needle Blight

Dothistroma needle blight caused by Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup was observed for the first time in the Czech Republic on an imported Pinus nigra Arnold in 1999. In 2000, it was also found in the open planting. During three years, it became an important pathogen of pines in the Czech Republic. Its occurrence was noticed in more than 50 localities, above all in the region of Moravia and Silesia and eastern Bohemia. In total, it was found on 10 species of pine (P. nigra Arnold, P.&nbsp;banksiana Lamb., <br />P. contorta Loudon, P. mugo Turra, P.&nbsp;leucodermis Ant., P. sylvestris L., P. cembra L., P. aristata Engelm., P.&nbsp;ponderosa P. et C.&nbsp;Lawson and P. jeffreyi Grev. et Balf.). Also Picea pungens &nbsp;Engelm. was noticed as a host species. In the Czech Republic, Pinus nigra is the most frequent host species of M. pini (80% localities) followed by Pinus mugo (27% localities). On Scots pine P. sylvestris, M. pini was noticed at two localities. The critical period for infection is in the Czech Republic from the second half of May until the end of June. The incubation period lasts about 2&ndash;4 months depending on climatic conditions. The first symptoms on the needles infected in the current year appear in August being clearly expressed from September to November.In the CR, Dothistroma needle blight spread probably with infected planting stock obtained from import at the end of the 80s and at the beginning of the 90s.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document