scholarly journals  Fresh or frozen rumen contents from slaughtered cattle to estimatein vitro degradation of two contrasting feeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Chaudhry ◽  
R.A.I. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
In Vitro Degradation

The present factorial experiment tested the thawed rumen fluid from frozen rumen contents against fresh rumen fluid from the same slaughtered cattle to estimate in vitro degradation of rapeseed meal (RSM) and grass nuts (GN) as two contrasting feeds at various times. Fresh rumen fluid showed higher (P &lt; 0.05) in vitro dry matter (DMD) and crude protein (CPD) degradation than the thawed rumen fluid at most incubation times. Significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) were found between fresh and differently prepared thawed rumen fluids for mean degradation constants (a, b, c) and effective degradability (P<sub>0.02</sub>) of feeds. While the thawed rumen fluids had lower (P &lt; 0.01) degradation than the fresh rumen fluid, their degradation values correlated very well (R<sup>2 </sup>&ge; 0.95) with those for the fresh rumen fluid. It appeared that the thawed rumen fluid can be used to predict in vitro degradation of the selected feeds when frequent access to slaughtered or fistulated animals is restricted. Nevertheless it would be vital to improve the activity of thawed rumen fluid prior to testing its suitability for numerous feeds before recommending its routine use to estimate degradation of ruminant feeds. &nbsp;

The use of fresh or thawed rumen fluid containing glycerol or particle associated microbes to estimate in vitro degradation of feeds

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 149-149
Author(s):  
R. Mohamed ◽  
A. S. Chaudhry ◽  
P. Rowlinson
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation

Thawed rumen contents have been used to obtain strained rumen fluid (SRF) to estimate in vitro dry matter degradation (DMD) of feeds (Mohamed et al., 2002). However, thawed SRF (TSRF) gave lower DMD than fresh SRF (FSRF) which was partly attributed to reduced microbial activity in TRSF following storage at -20°C. This study examined the addition of glycerol (G) as cryopreservative and washing from particle associated microbes to SRF before its storage for later use as TSRF to estimate in vitro degradation of rapeseed meal (Rsd) and grass nut (Gnt).

NITROGEN METABOLISM AND FLOW OF NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP FED FORMALDEHYDE-TREATED RAPESEED MEAL

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
True Protein

Four mature wether sheep weighing 45–50 kg and fistulated in the abomasum and in the terminal ileum with plastic cannulas were used to determine the effect of formaldehyde treatment of rapeseed meal on the digestibility of nutrients and flow of nitrogenous compounds through the gastrointestinal tract. The sheep were fed four pelleted diets containing 8 or 16% rapeseed meal treated with water or formaldehyde at 1 g formaldehyde/100 g crude protein in a 4 × 4 latin square design. Urea was added to the diets containing 8% rapeseed meal at a level calculated to make all diets isonitrogenous; however, the actual N level of the formaldehyde-treated 8% rapeseed meal diet was somewhat higher than for the other diets. The animals were offered 600 g of feed twice daily at 12-h intervals. Formaldehyde treatment of rapeseed meal did not significantly affect the apparent digestibility of crude protein or dry matter of the experimental diets. No significant differences were observed in total N excretion, or N retention among the four treatments. However, N retained, expressed as grams or as a percentage of absorbed N, for the diets containing formaldehyde-treated rapeseed meal tended to be higher than for the diets containing water-treated rapeseed meal. Formaldehyde treatment of the 16% rapeseed meal diets moderated the increases in rumen fluid ammonia and blood urea N levels following feeding. Formaldehyde treatment of the 16% rapeseed meal diet also increased the flow of dry matter, total N (P < 0.01), and true protein N (P < 0.05) in the abomasal digesta of sheep compared to those fed the water-treated rapeseed meal diet. A similar, but nonsignificant (P > 0.05), effect of the formaldehyde treatment was observed in the ileal digesta of the sheep.

In vitro degradation of fresh substrates treated with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Bowman ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
J. A. Shelford
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Product ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation

An exogenous fibrolytic enzyme product was applied to three different proportions of a total mixed ration (TMR) and fed to dairy cows. There was no enhancement of the hydrolytic capacity of rumen fluid from cows serving as inoculum donors as a result of enzyme supplementation. In vitro dry matter degradation of the TMR at 12 h of incubation was increased by 15% when enzymes were added to the concentrate portion, and by 17% when added to the premix portion of the TMR (P < 0.05), but adding enzymes to the supplement (pelleted portion of the concentrate) had no effect. Key words: Enzymes, fresh substrate, dry matter degradation

scholarly journals Evaluasi Kualitas, Karakteristik Fermentasi dan Kecernaan In Vitro Silase Campuran Sorgum Stay Green-Gliricidia sepium dengan Penambahan Berbagai Level Asam Laktat

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Widhi Kurniawan ◽  
Syamsuddin Syamsuddin ◽  
Wa Laili Salid ◽  
Purnaning Dhian Isnaini
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

ABSTRAK. Silase gabungan rumput-leguminosa merupakan inovasi yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk menyediakan pakan dan bisa digunakan sepanjang tahun. Kandungan protein silase campuran tersebut dapat mencapai tingkat optimal sebagai pakan konsentrat hijau (green concentrate). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas, karakter fermentasi dan kecernaan in vitro silase campuran sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and gamal (Gliricidia sepium) dengan menambahkan dosis asam laktat yang berbeda. Silase dibuat dengan mencampur bahan penyusun yang terdiri dari sorgum dan daun gamal dengan perbandingan 1:1 dan penambahan asam laktat konsentrasi 20% (v/v). Penelitian terdiri atas 3 perlakuan yaitu; A0: (kontrol) tanpa penambahan asam laktat, A1: penambahan asam laktat sebanyak 2% (b/v), A2: 2,5% (b/v), dan A3: 3% (b/v) dengan 4 ulangan tiap perlakuan. Proses ensilase menggunakan cairan rumen kambing selama 21 hari. Parameter penelitian yang diamati adalah kualitas silase dan kecernaan in vitro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis penambahan asam laktat sebanyak 2% menghasilkan silase paling optimal dengan pH (3,94), bahan kering (26,62%), dan nilai Fleigh (100,89), namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap kandungan protein kasar, kecernaan bahan organik, kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan protein kasar. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah penggunaan asam laktat organik dengan dosis 2 hingga 3% (b/v) konsentrasi 20% (v/v) mampu meningkatkan karakteristik, kualitas fermentasi tetapi tidak mempengaruhi nilai KcBK, KcBO dan KcPK silase campuran sorgum stay green (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and gamal (Gliricidia sepium).  (Quality evaluation, fermentation characteristic and in vitro digestibility of stay green sorghum-Gliricidia sepium mix silage on different level of lactic acid utilization) ABSTRACT. The grass-legume combined silage is an innovation that can be applied to provide feed and can be used throughout the year. The content of the mixed silage protein can reach optimal levels as a green concentrate feed. This study aims to evaluate the quality, fermentation characteristics and digestibility of in vitro silage of a mixture of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and gamal (Gliricidia sepium) by adding different doses of lactic acid. Silage is made by mixing a constituent consisting of sorghum and gamal leaves in a ratio of 1: 1 and the addition of lactic acid concentration of 20% (v / v). The study consisted of 3 treatments namely; A0: (control) without the addition of lactic acid, A1: addition of 2% (w / v) lactic acid, A2: 2.5% (w / v), and A3: 3% (w / v) with 4 replications each treatment. The ensilage process used goat's rumen fluid for 21 days. The research parameters observed were silage quality and in vitro digestibility. The results showed that the addition dose of lactic acid as much as 2% produced the most optimal silage with pH (3.94), dry matter (26.62%), and Fleigh value (100.89), but had no effect on crude protein content, digestibility organic matter, digestibility of dry matter and digestibility of crude protein. The conclusion of this study is the use of organic lactic acid with a dose of 2 to 3% (w/v) concentration of 20% (v/v) can improve the characteristics, quality of fermentation but does not affect the value of KcBK, KcBO and KcPK silage stay sorghum mixture green (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and gamal (Gliricidia sepium).

scholarly journals 260 Comparison of nutrients and in vitro degradability of ryegrass (Lolium Multiforum L.) and alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) in central region of Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
Mehmet Basalan ◽  
A Volkan Cetinkaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Abstract Study was conducted to determine the adaptability of ryegrass to the ration of ruminants in central region of Turkey. Both ryegrass and alfalfa were planted in Cankiri and Corum cities which are located in similar geographic and climatic conditions. Forage samples were obtained during second, third and fourth harvesting times. in each sample, dry matter (DM), crude fat (EE), crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), crude cellulose (CS), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels were determined based on AOAC methods. Metabolizable Energy levels of both ryegrass and alfalfa were calculated. In vitro disappearance of dry matter was measured by incubation of dacron bags in rumen fluid for 72 hours in Ankom® daisy incubator and extent of disappearance were determined. Generalized linear model was applied to analyze data and means were separated by using LSD. Although dry matter levels were similar (P &gt; 0,05), ash and fat levels were significantly higher in ryegrass than those in alfalfa (P &lt; 0,05). Additionally, as it was expected, crude protein content of ryegrass was significantly lower than that of alfalfa (P &lt; 0,05). NDF contents of both feeds were similar and ADF levels of alfalfa were slightly higher in only second harvest date. Metabolizable energy levels of ryegrass in all harvested times were statistically higher than those in all harvested dates in alfalfa (P &lt; 0,05). DM disappearance of ryegrass was significantly higher than that of alfalfa (P &lt; 0,05). In conclusion, ryegrass may have some advantages in regions with limited forage sources. Additionally it may be alternative or substitute to the traditional small grain forages. Further research needed to show those advantages of ryegrass in nutrients to extrapolate consumption preferences or performance of beef or dairy cattle.

Native Australian shrub legume species may provide an alternative feed source for livestock

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1090
Author(s):  
P. A. O'Keeffe ◽  
D. J. Orchard ◽  
B. A. Orchard ◽  
J. W. Piltz ◽  
E. H. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Grazing Systems

The feed quality of a variety of native shrub and herbaceous legume species from the Riverina area of southern New South Wales was determined to provide an indication of their potential use in livestock grazing systems. Fifteen species were sampled from each of two locations (chiefly low fertility roadsides or travelling stock reserves) at four times within a 12-month period viz. August, November, February and May according to the most likely plant parts to be consumed by grazing animals for each species. Digestibility was estimated using an in vitro rumen fluid digestion assay and crude protein was estimated from nitrogen analysed using the Dumas combustion method. Digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) was greater than 550 g/kg dry matter (DM) for seven of the native legume species and was highest for Daviesia spp. (D. latifolia 696.2 ± 15.0, D. leptophylla × latifolia 642.5 ± 15.1 and D. leptophylla 622.7 ± 15.4), Glycine spp. (G. clandestina 628.2 ± 18.1, G. tabacina 621.9 ± 28.0 and G. canescens 580.4 ± 25.4) and Indigofera australis (617.8 ± 15.3). Crude protein content was greater than 80 g/kg DM for all species analysed, suggesting that these plants are able to fix nitrogen under low phosphorus fertility conditions. Studies examining grazing management as well as nitrogen fixation and nitrogen transfer to companion grasses are required in order to optimise the management of these plants in grazing systems.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Young Gyu Song ◽  
Shida Li ◽  
Jong-Wook Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

scholarly journals 49 Effects of in-vitro digestibility in cannulated steers when supplemented different levels of glycerol

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Noheli Gutierrez ◽  
Jamie A Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate effects of increasing concentration of food grade glycerol on rumen environment and nutrient digestibility. Three ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were used in this study. The study was conducted from March to May 2019. Experimental design was a 3x3 Latin square with a 2wk adjustment period followed by a 1wk collection period. Diet was coastal bermudagrass hay based. Different forage types were introduced in the incubation process to evaluate digestibility. Glycerol was administered once a day at 0, 15, or 20% of DMI (dry matter intake). dNDF (digestible NDF) and dDM (digestible dry matter) was determined using an ANKOM Daisy II incubator inoculated with 200g fresh rumen fluid and incubated for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h at 39°C. Each vessel contained ground forage samples in filter bags in triplicate. After incubation, filter bags were rinsed with cold water and dried for 24h in a 55°C forced air oven. Data were analyzed using the Proc MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4. There was no difference dNDF in effect of different levels of glycerol between forage types by diet. But a numerical tendency was observed that dNDF was decreased at 20% inclusion rates in comparison to 0 and 15% inclusion of glycerol in the diet. Neither steer nor run was significantly different in the study. However as expected digestibility over time was significantly different (P &lt; 0.001). A significant increase was observed in DMI with the increased levels of glycerol in the diet (P = 0.003), both the 15% and 20% levels of glycerol increased in DMI in comparison to the control (0%). It appears based on these study results that digestibility may be inhibited, as levels of dietary glycerol increase in the diet and more work needs to be done to find the optimal level of glycerol supplementation.

PREDICTION OF DIGESTIBLE ENERGY INTAKE BY SHEEP OF DIETS CONTAINING GROUND ROUGHAGE AND GRAIN

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. THORLACIUS
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Digestible Energy

Digestibility and intake of diets containing 8, 28, 48 or 68% ground wheat straw plus ground crested wheatgrass and rapeseed meal, and diets containing 33, 48, 63 and 78% ground crested wheatgrass plus barley and rapeseed meal was measured with four yearling wethers per diet. Digestible energy (DE) content ranged from 2.07 to 2.95 kcal/g dry matter (DM) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) (%) from 48.7 to 71.1%. Regression of DE intake y (kcal/w0.75kg/d) on DE content (x) was curvilinear; y = −2,133 + 1,626x − 277.9x2, r = 0.996, P < 0.01, SE = ± 7.3. There was also a curvilinear relationship between diet density, as fed, (x) g (DM)/ml and DMD (%), y = 9.057 + 364.1x − 530.0x2, r = 0.970, P < 0.01, SE = ± 2.4. A linear regression equation was calculated over the DE range (2.07–2.52) for which there was an obvious increase in DE intake with increasing diet DE content; y = −700.6 + 361x, r = 0.994, P < 0.01, SE = ± 9.4, y = DE intake (kcal/w0.75kg/d), x = DE [kcal/g (DM)]. Using this regression equation and assuming a linear increase in DE intake with increase in diet DE content up to a point at which the apparent energy demand of the animal is satisfied gave a more accurate prediction of DE intake than when the curvilinear regression equation, y = −2,133 + 1,626x − 277.9x2, was used empirically. Accuracy of the prediction was further improved by expressing DE/unit ration volume instead of per unit DM. The sheep used in the present experiments had an apparent energy demand of 230 kcal/w0.75kg/day which was met at diet DE contents above 0.48 kcal/ml or 2.6 kcal/g (DM). There was a high correlation between in vivo DE content of the diet, y [kcal/g (DM)] and in vitro (x) digestible organic matter content, x, (%), r = 0.991, P < 0.01, y = 0.38 + 0.037x, SE = ± 0.04.

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