scholarly journals Effect of cinmethylin against Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. in winter cereals

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Miriam Messelhäuser ◽  
Marcus Saile ◽  
Bernd Sievernich ◽  
Roland Gerhards
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Late Sowing

Cinmethylin is a potential new pre-emergence herbicide in Europe inhibiting the fatty acid thioesterases in the plastid against Alopecurus myosuroides and other grass-weeds in winter cereals and oil-seed rape. Five field experiments were conducted in Southwestern Germany from 2018 until 2020 to assess the control efficacy of cinmethylin and other common pre-emergence herbicides alone and combined with post-emergence herbicides against A. myosuroides and yield response of winter wheat and winter triticale. In four experiments, the effect of early and late sowing of winter cereals was included as the second factor in the experiment to investigate if late sowing can reduce A. myosuroides density weed control efficacy. All fields were heavily infested with A. myosuroides with average<br /> densities of 110–730 plants/m<sup>2</sup>. Late sowing reduced densities in three out of four experiments. Herbicides controlled 42–100% of the A. myosuroides plants. However, none of the treatments was consistently better than the other treatments over all experiments. In three out of 5 experiments, grain yields were significantly increased by the herbicide treatments. The results demonstrate that cinmethylin increases the options for controlling A. myosuroides in winter cereals. However, it needs to be combined with other control tactics.  

An evaluation of several soil tests for predicting wheat yield response to superphosphate in Victoria

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
JV Mullaly ◽  
JKM Skene ◽  
R Jardine
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Response Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Soil Groups

The predictability of three different measures of wheat yield response to superphosphate from each of four soil test measures of available phosphorus (0-6 inches) was examined, using data from field experiments over the period 1951 to 1965. The associations were studied separately within the three great soil groups that are dominant over the wheatgrowing areas of Victoria. Whichever measure of yield response was considered, soil bicarbonate P test measurement gave the best basis for prediction. However, at most, only 26 per cent of the yield response variability was predictable, and the other three tests were substantially less successful. Under the general conditions considered, where yield response is subject to a variety of uncorrected environmental deficiencies, it is concluded that the soil tests for P investigated in this paper are of doubtful practical value.

scholarly journals Field evaluation of herbicides to control itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata) in sugarcane

1969 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Antonio Vélez-Ramos ◽  
Nelson Semidey
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Plant Crop

Registered herbicides for use in sugarcane, ametryn, diuron, asulam, hexazinone, metribuzin, non-registered terbutryn, pendimethalin, and imazapyr were evaluated to control itchgrass (Roftboellia exaltata) in sugarcane in field experiments at the Lajas Substation with plant and ratoon crops. Imazapyr, together with pendimethalin, terbutryn and ametryn, provided good itchgrass control in the plant crop, comparable to the hand weeded treatment. In the ratoon crop most herbicides used showed good control, though the Roftboellia population before herbicide application was much lower than for the plant crop. Imazapyr caused chlorosis in sugarcane shoots; chlorosis was more severe in the ratoon crop. These herbicides at the recommended rates of 0.28, 1.78, 2.69 and 4.49 kg/ha, respectively, produced sugar yields ranging from 14.92 to 17.02 tons/ha that were statistically not different from those of the hand weeded plots (17.59 tons/ ha) but significantly higher than those of the diuron, asulam and the unweeded check plots in the plant crop. The combined plant and ratoon crop for sugar production for pendimenthalin (1.78 kg/ha) was as good as for the hand weeded plots, but not statistically better than the rest of the herbicide treatments, except for hexazinone and imazapyr.

scholarly journals Influence of glyphosate and paraquat pre-transplant treatments on weed control and peppers yields

1969 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Essaú Orengo-Santiago ◽  
Nelson Semidey ◽  
Luis Almodóvar-Vega
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Development Center

Two field experiments, both with Cubanelle and Yollow Wonder peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), were conducted at the Juana Díaz Research and Development Center in 1981-82. Weeds were induced to grow through periodic irrigations for 16 days before peppers were transplanted. Either glyphosate or paraquat at 1.12 kg ai/ha were then applied to control emerging weeds in two separate experimental areas 5 days before setting out transplants. Oxyfluorfen at 1.12 kg ai/ha applied 2 days before transplanting peppers caused the highest phytotoxicity (significant at P=0.05) as recorded during 14, 28 and 42 days after treatment in both experiments. Neither alachlor (1.68 kg ai/ha), oxadiazon, trifluralin nor pendimethalin applied 2 days before transplanting at 1.12 kg ai/ha was phytotoxic to peppers. There were no significant differences in Cubanelle or Yollow Wonder pepper yields among herbicide treatments and handweeded check. The highest pepper yields (47,771 and 44,964 kg/ha) were obtained in plots treated initially with glyphosate and later by either paraquat directed postemergence spray or oxadiazon pre-transplant at 1.12 kg ai/ha each, respectively. In the other experiment, hand-weeded check and preplant application of paraquat at 1.12 followed by oxyfluorfen at 1.12 kg ai/ha were the highest yielders with 47,771 and 44, 964 kg/ha, respectively.

Scouringrush (Equisetum spp.) control in dryland winter wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 808-814
Author(s):  
Blake D. Kerbs ◽  
Andrew G. Hulting ◽  
Drew J. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Chemical Fallow

AbstractThe adoption of chemical fallow rotations in Pacific Northwest dryland winter wheat production has caused a weed species composition shift in which scouringrush has established in production fields. Thus, there has been interest in identifying herbicides that effectively control scouringrush in winter wheat–chemical fallow cropping systems. Field experiments were established in growers’ fields near Reardan, WA, in 2014, and The Dalles, OR, in 2015. Ten herbicide treatments were applied to mowed and nonmowed plots during chemical fallow rotations. Scouringrush stem densities were quantified the following spring and after wheat harvest at both locations. Chlorsulfuron plus MCPA-ester resulted in nearly 100% control of scouringrush through wheat harvest. Before herbicide application, mowing had no effect on herbicide efficacy. We conclude chlorsulfuron plus MCPA-ester is a commercially acceptable treatment for smooth and intermediate scouringrush control in winter wheat–chemical fallow cropping systems; however, the lack of a positive yield response when scouringrushes were controlled should factor into management decisions.

Herbicide Efficacy on FourAmaranthusSpecies in Soybean (Glycine max)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan K. Sweat ◽  
Michael J. Horak ◽  
Dallas E. Peterson ◽  
Randy W. Lloyd ◽  
John E. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted in 1995 and 1996 in Kansas to determine the efficacy of 21 herbicide treatments for control of tumble pigweed, Palmer amaranth, redroot pigweed, and two biotypes of common waterhemp in soybean. In field studies, nine of eleven preemergence treatments controlled all four species 90% or more. However, pendimethalin and trifluralin controlled Palmer amaranth, redroot pigweed, and tumble pigweed less than the other preplant incorporated and preemergence treatments. With the exception of flumiclorac and NAF-75, postemergence treatments controlled 75 to 90% of all four species. A biotype of common waterhemp collected in Iowa was not controlled by acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides. Greenhouse results were similar to field experiments. Results suggest at least 90% control of theseAmaranthusspecies is possible with proper herbicide selection.

Weed Control During Establishment and Yield Response of Timothy (Phleum pratense)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najib Malik
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Field Pennycress ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Establishment Phase

The effects of 14 herbicide treatments, tested in the establishment phase, were investigated on timothy productivity in two field experiments conducted at Melfort, Saskatchewan. Satisfactory weed control achieved with chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron, thifensulfuron, bentazon, diclofop plus bromoxynil, and MCPA/mecoprop/dicamba during the establishment year ensured good forage establishment which in turn caused a ‘residual effect’ for 1 to 3 yr increasing individual cut as well as cumulative forage dry matter yields significantly. In the stand established in 1985, when field pennycress (97 m-2) was the dominant weed in the seedling stage, these treatments increased yields 29 to 52% over a 3-yr period. In the stand established in 1986, when common lambsquarters (27 m-2) was the dominant weed, these treatments increased cumulative yields 24 to 44%. Sethoxydim and fenoxaprop, tested alone, caused significant crop injury in both experiments.

Responses of Several Corn (Zea mays) Cultivars and Weed Species to EPTC With and Without the Antidote R-25788

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erasmo G. Sagaral ◽  
Chester L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the herbicide antidote R-25788 (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide) in protecting corn (Zea maysL.) cultivars from EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) injury. Preplant-incorporated applications of EPTC, with and without R-25788, were made to a fine sandy loam in 1976 and a loamy sand soil in 1977. EPTC at 6.7 kg/ha was 20 to 30% more injurious to the susceptible cultivars grown in sandy, lower organic-matter soil than in fine sandy loam. R-25788 did not decrease the weed-control efficacy of EPTC. The cultivar ‘TXS114’ was highly tolerant to EPTC at 6.7 kg/ha with or without antidote protection. Most of the other EPTC-susceptible cultivars showed significant stand improvement when R-25788 was used in combination with EPTC. R-25788 did not alleviate EPTC phytotoxicity toward ‘XL55’ and ‘XL379’ cultivars. EPTC applied in combination with R-25788 showed no, or only, slight injury to all other cultivars.

Impact of Imazamox and Imazapyr Carryover on Wheat, Barley, and Oat

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Scursoni ◽  
Jorgelina C. Montoya ◽  
Mario R. Vigna ◽  
Ramón Gigón ◽  
Carolina Istilart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Soil Bioassays ◽  
Rotational Crop ◽  
Reduced Rate

Imazapyr and imazamox are frequently applied postemergence to control grass and broadleaf weeds in imidazolinone-resistant sunflower in Argentina. Herbicide carryover to rotational crops represents a disadvantage of these herbicides, particularly in regions with low rainfall during the months prior to rotational crop sowing. Between 2009 and 2012, field and greenhouse studies were conducted on four important sunflower-cropped areas of Argentina. The objective was to quantify the effects of imazapyr alone and imazamox plus imazapyr applied in sunflower crops on the subsequent establishment, growth, and yield of barley, oat, and wheat. In all field experiments, imazapyr alone and imazamox plus imazapyr were applied at recommended rates (80 gha–1and 66 plus 30 gha–1, respectively), and also, in some experiments, at double the recommended rates. Soil bioassays were also conducted in the greenhouse to study the effect of these herbicides on barley, oat, and wheat seedlings. The mixture of imazamox plus imazapyr was safer for rotational crops than imazapyr applied alone, because of the reduced rate of imazapyr in the mixture treatments. Barley was more sensitive to imidazolinones, particularly imazapyr, than the other winter cereals. Imazapyr at double rate (160 gha–1) reduced barley yield by 45% when seeds were sown 165 d after herbicide application and with 240 mm rainfall after herbicide application.

scholarly journals (24) Non-Pungent Jalapeño Pepper Yields and Preplant-incorporated Herbicides

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1074D-1074
Author(s):  
Charles L. Webber ◽  
Vincent M. Russo ◽  
James W. Shrefler
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Free Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Non-pungent jalapeño peppers are used for making commercial picante sauces (salsas) and have a potential for outstanding yields in Oklahoma. There is incomplete information on the crop safety of certain herbicides that may not specifically address their use with non-pungent jalapeño peppers. The objective of this research was to determine the weed control efficacy and safety of a combination of preplant incorporated herbicides on transplanted non-pungent jalapeño pepper production. A field study was conducted during the Summer 2005 on 91-cm-wide raised beds at Lane, Okla. The herbicides in the study included napropramide (2.2 kg a.i./ha), clomazone (1.1 kg a.i./ha), bensulide (6.7 kg a.i./ha), and trifluralin (1.1 kg a.i./ha) used separately and in combination with one of the other herbicides. All herbicides were applied preplant-incorporated just prior to transplanting `Pace 105' non-pungent jalapeño peppers on 6 May 2005. Fruit were harvested on 21 July 2005, 76 days after transplanting. Plants treated with clomazone used by itself produced the greatest yields (16.4 t/ha) compared to plants treated with the other herbicides used individually, although it was not significantly greater than napropramide, 9.2 t/ha. Four of the five top-yielding herbicide treatments included the use of clomazone. The tank mixture of napropramide and bensulide produced the second greatest yield (16.2 t/ha). The weed-free treatment produced 17.5 t/ha compared to 86% yield reduction for the weedy check. These results demonstrated that clomazone, used individually or in combination with certain other herbicides, can maintain non-pungent jalapeño yields equivalent to weed-free levels.

Drought tolerance in potatoes

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce R. A. Steckel ◽  
D. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tuber Formation ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Yield Response

SummaryIn field experiments made over 3 years Pentland Crown and Majestic gave, in general, higher total and dry matter yields from plots given no supplementary water and protected from rainfall throughout growth than King Edward or Maris Piper. However, on plots kept at or near to field capacity all varieties gave similar yields. Pentland Crown and Majestic were deeper rooting than the other two varieties at the time of tuber formation (when the production of new roots ceased) but the differences in rooting depth (ca. 100 mm) between the varieties were small. Except for the top 150 mm of soil, differences in water extraction between the varieties throughout the profile were also small. Neither these differences in water extraction nor the differences in rooting depth could be related consistently to the differences in varietal yield response between ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ plots.

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