scholarly journals Effect of spikelet position on starch proportion, granule distribution and related enzymes activity in wheat grain  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 568-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Li ◽  
S. Yan ◽  
Z. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Starch Granule ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Absolute Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Spike

The starch proportion, starch granule distribution, and activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis in different spikelet positions were examined during grain development in two high-yielding winter wheat cultivars. The results showed that grain number and weight per spikelet in different spatial position showed a single-peak curve from the base to the top in a wheat spike. Upper spikelets had the highest starch and amylose proportion followed by basal spikelets, whereas middle spikelets had the lowest. Starch and amylose absolute content was in opposition to their proportion. The volume of B- and A-type granule in grain of middle spikelets was remarkably higher and lower than those of basal and upper spikelets, respectively. However, no significant difference occurred in the number of A- and B-type granule in grains among different spikelet position. Compared with the basal and upper spikelets, the middle spikelets showed higher sucrose and ATP content and activities of starch biosynthetic enzymes, and subsequently higher starch absolute content. The results suggested that superior sucrose providing and degradation capacity and the high activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis resulted in development of B-type starch granule in grain of middle spikelets.

scholarly journals A carbohydrate-binding protein, B-GRANULE CONTENT 1, influences starch granule size distribution in a dose-dependent manner in polyploid wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tansy Chia ◽  
Marcella Chirico ◽  
Rob King ◽  
Ricardo Ramirez-Gonzalez ◽  
Benedetta Saccomanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Polyploid Wheat ◽  
Gene Dose ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
B Granules

Abstract In Triticeae endosperm (e.g. wheat and barley), starch granules have a bimodal size distribution (with A- and B-type granules) whereas in other grasses the endosperm contains starch granules with a unimodal size distribution. Here, we identify the gene, BGC1 (B-GRANULE CONTENT 1), responsible for B-type starch granule content in Aegilops and wheat. Orthologues of this gene are known to influence starch synthesis in diploids such as rice, Arabidopsis, and barley. However, using polyploid Triticeae species, we uncovered a more complex biological role for BGC1 in starch granule initiation: BGC1 represses the initiation of A-granules in early grain development but promotes the initiation of B-granules in mid grain development. We provide evidence that the influence of BGC1 on starch synthesis is dose dependent and show that three very different starch phenotypes are conditioned by the gene dose of BGC1 in polyploid wheat: normal bimodal starch granule morphology; A-granules with few or no B-granules; or polymorphous starch with few normal A- or B-granules. We conclude from this work that BGC1 participates in controlling B-type starch granule initiation in Triticeae endosperm and that its precise effect on granule size and number varies with gene dose and stage of development.

scholarly journals Effects of Plant Density on Grain Number and Grain Weight at Different Spikelets and Grain Positions in Winter Wheat Cultivars

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1875-1883
Author(s):  
Hui-Juan QU ◽  
Jin-Cai LI ◽  
Xue-Shan SHEN ◽  
Ru-Yi LI ◽  
Feng-Zhen WEI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

scholarly journals Determination of wheat spike and spikelet architecture and grain traits using X-ray Computed Tomography imaging

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Zhou ◽  
Andrew B. Riche ◽  
Malcolm J. Hawkesford ◽  
William R. Whalley ◽  
Brian S. Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tomography Imaging ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Wheat Spike

Abstract Background Wheat spike architecture is a key determinant of multiple grain yield components and detailed examination of spike morphometric traits is beneficial to explain wheat grain yield and the effects of differing agronomy and genetics. However, quantification of spike morphometric traits has been very limited because it relies on time-consuming manual measurements. Results In this study, using X-ray Computed Tomography imaging, we proposed a method to efficiently detect the 3D architecture of wheat spikes and component spikelets by clustering grains based on their Euclidean distance and relative positions. Morphometric characteristics of wheat spikelets and grains, e.g., number, size and spatial distribution along the spike can be determined. Two commercial wheat cultivars, one old, Maris Widgeon, and one modern, Siskin, were studied as examples. The average grain volume of Maris Widgeon and Siskin did not differ, but Siskin had more grains per spike and therefore greater total grain volume per spike. The spike length and spikelet number were not statistically different between the two cultivars. However, Siskin had a higher spikelet density (number of spikelets per unit spike length), with more grains and greater grain volume per spikelet than Maris Widgeon. Spatial distribution analysis revealed the number of grains, the average grain volume and the total grain volume of individual spikelets varied along the spike. Siskin had more grains and greater grain volumes per spikelet from spikelet 6, but not spikelet 1–5, compared with Maris Widgeon. The distribution of average grain volume along the spike was similar for the two wheat cultivars. Conclusion The proposed method can efficiently extract spike, spikelet and grain morphometric traits of different wheat cultivars, which can contribute to a more detailed understanding of the sink of wheat grain yield.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids Present in Wheat Kernels Influence the Development of the Grain Weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Mariusz Nietupski ◽  
Emilia Ludwiczak ◽  
Robert Cabaj ◽  
Cezary Purwin ◽  
Bożena Kordan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Natural Tolerance ◽  
Offspring Generation ◽  
Wheat Kernels

Sitophilus granarius (L.) is considered to be one of the major pests causing damage to cereal grain stored in silos and granaries. Using traditional methods (synthetic insecticides, mechanical, or physical methods) to control this pest is either ineffective or dangerous to people and nature. It is, therefore, necessary to develop new cultivars of cereals that will be distinguished by a high natural tolerance of the foraging by S. granarius. The aim of this study is expressed in the set research hypothesis, stating that the number of offspring of the grain weevil on stored wheat kernels can depend on the content of fatty acids in the kernels. Thus, the qualitative and quantitative composition of fatty acids was determined in kernels of 10 winter wheat cultivars, and the abundance of the beetle’s offspring generation of S. granarius that developed on the wheat grain, as well as the mass of produced dust and loss in the mass of wheat grain were determined. By applying statistical analyses (GLM, ANOVA, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient, and analysis of redundancy), the presence and character of the dependence between the determined content of fatty acids in wheat grain and the factors describing the development of S. granarius were established. The research results indicate that fatty acids from the groups C 18:1 and C 20:1 probably play an important role as substances stimulating the increase in the number of the tested pest progeny. In contrast, fatty acids C 15:0, C 16:1, and C 18:3, which were determined in large amounts in the grain of wheat cultivars Speedway, KWS Livius, and Julius, can reduce the number of offspring of pest insect.

scholarly journals Determination of wheat spike and spikelet architecture and grain traits using X-ray Computed Tomography imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Zhou ◽  
Andrew B. Riche ◽  
Malcolm J. Hawkesford ◽  
William R. Whalley ◽  
Brian S. Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tomography Imaging ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Wheat Spike

Abstract Background: Wheat spike architecture is a key determinant of multiple grain yield components and detailed examination of spike morphometric traits is beneficial to explain wheat grain yield and the effects of differing agronomy and genetics. However, quantification of spike morphometric traits has been very limited because it relies on time-consuming manual measurements. Results: In this study, using X-ray Computed Tomography imaging, we proposed a method to efficiently detect the 3D architecture of wheat spikes and component spikelets by clustering grains based on their Euclidean distance and relative positions. Morphometric characteristics of wheat spikelets and grains, e.g., number, size and spatial distribution along the spike can be determined. Two commercial wheat cultivars, one old, Maris Widgeon, and one modern, Siskin, were studied as examples. The average grain volume of Maris Widgeon and Siskin did not differ, but Siskin had more grains per spike and therefore greater total grain volume per spike. The spike length and spikelet number were not statistically different between the two cultivars. However, Siskin had a higher spikelet density (number of spikelets per unit spike length), with more grains and greater grain volume per spikelet than Maris Widgeon. Spatial distribution analysis revealed the number of grains, the average grain volume and the total grain volume of individual spikelets varied along the spike. Siskin had more grains and greater grain volumes per spikelet from spikelet 6, but not spikelet 1-5, compared with Maris Widgeon. The distribution of average grain volume along the spike was similar for the two wheat cultivars. Conclusion: The proposed method can efficiently extract spike, spikelet and grain morphometric traits of different wheat cultivars, which can contribute to a more detailed understanding of the sink of wheat grain yield.

scholarly journals The apical dominance in winter wheat

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Zhuk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Plant Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Aim. The aim of this work was to study the influence of apical dominance in winter wheat on stem growth and productivity. Methods. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars ‘Podolyanka’ and ‘Pridniprovska’, ‘Novokievska’ were grown on mixture of soil and sand in pots with capacity of 7.5 kg. Optimal plant mineral nutrition was N160 P160 K160. The stem growth was measured. After ear maturing the quantity of grains in ear, and mass of 1000 grains were measured. Results were statistically analyzed with ANOVA. Results. The length of winter wheat stems and grain quantity in ear of main and lateral stems were studied under optimal mineral nutrition. The highest number of grains was detected in main stems. The tillers had less quantity of grains than main stems. The wheat cv. ‘Novokievska’ was more productive than cv. ‘Podolyanka’ and ‘Pridniprovska’. Conclusions. It is shown that the main stem is dominant over lateral stems of winter wheat cultivars ‘Podolyanka’ and ‘Pridniprovska’, ‘Novokievska’. Keywords: Triticum aestivum, winter wheat, grain, stem, apical dominance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of methods for wheat grain hardness determination

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Faměra ◽  
M. Hrušková ◽  
D. Novotná
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Hardness Index ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Size Index ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Psi Method

Grain hardness of winter wheat cultivars was evaluated during 1997–2001 using several methods: wheat hardness index WHI (DO-Corder Brabender), 0.140 mmsieve threw ratio PPS (DO-Corder Brabender), grain hardness by NIR (Inframatic 8611 Perten), particle size index PSI (LM 3303 Perten). All tested methods showed varietal (genetic) origin of grain hardness trait and it is possible to use these methods for grain hardness determination. NIR method have had the lowest coefficient of variation (12.6%), WHI and PSI coefficient of variation was 32.8 and 30.6%, respectively. A significant influence of year-class was found only for PPS method. A high value of correlation coefficient was found between methods: WHI × NIR (r = 0.84), WHI × PPS (r = –0.79), and NIR × PPS (r = 0.74). During 2000–2001 was correlation coefficient r = –0.93 for PSI × NIR. The coefficient of variation for PSI method was 28.5%.

scholarly journals Comparison of different side-dressings on winter wheat yield

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Bojan Stipesevic ◽  
Miro Stosic ◽  
Bojana Teodorovic ◽  
Irena Jug ◽  
Danijel Jug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

The trial with different side-dressing fertilizations for winter wheat has been conducted at Vetovo site, Croatia, in vegetation seasons 2007/08 and 2008/09. The five side-dressing fertilizations has been tested (Control - no sidedressing, KAN - 100 kg KAN ha-1 in tillering and jointing stages; M1 - 8 l of foliar NPK fertilizer 'Profert Mara' ha-1; M2 - 16 l ha-1 of foliar fertilizer, and; M3 - 24 ha-1 of foliar fertilizer) at four winter wheat cultivars (Anika, Fiesta, Gabi and Rapsodija), with previously applied 400 kg NPK 7:20:30 ha-1 for all treatments. Results showed that all foliar side-dressing treatments gave winter wheat grain yield higher than the control, and that M1 treatment showed equal in comparison with KAN side-dressing. Treatments M2 and M3 had, in comparison with the control, KAN and M1 treatments, higher yields which leads toward conclusion that foliar treatments can be recommended for side-dressing for given agroecological conditions.

scholarly journals Plant Density Effect on Grain Number and Weight of Two Winter Wheat Cultivars at Different Spikelet and Grain Positions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e0155351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Li ◽  
Zhengyong Cui ◽  
Yingli Ni ◽  
Mengjing Zheng ◽  
Dongqing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Density Effect ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars
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