scholarly journals Evaluation of methods for wheat grain hardness determination

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Faměra ◽  
M. Hrušková ◽  
D. Novotná
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Hardness Index ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Size Index ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Psi Method

Grain hardness of winter wheat cultivars was evaluated during 1997–2001 using several methods: wheat hardness index WHI (DO-Corder Brabender), 0.140 mmsieve threw ratio PPS (DO-Corder Brabender), grain hardness by NIR (Inframatic 8611 Perten), particle size index PSI (LM 3303 Perten). All tested methods showed varietal (genetic) origin of grain hardness trait and it is possible to use these methods for grain hardness determination. NIR method have had the lowest coefficient of variation (12.6%), WHI and PSI coefficient of variation was 32.8 and 30.6%, respectively. A significant influence of year-class was found only for PPS method. A high value of correlation coefficient was found between methods: WHI × NIR (r = 0.84), WHI × PPS (r = –0.79), and NIR × PPS (r = 0.74). During 2000–2001 was correlation coefficient r = –0.93 for PSI × NIR. The coefficient of variation for PSI method was 28.5%.

Identification of Australian wheat cultivars by laboratory procedures: examination of pure samples of grain

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 796 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Wrigley ◽  
KW Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Size Index ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Single Grain

Three laboratory procedures have been examined for the identification of about fifty wheat cultivars currently grown in Australia. The most discriminating of these methods is starch gel electrophoresis of gliadin proteins extracted from a single grain or from meal. This procedure is capable of identifying many of the cultivars directly. However, in some cases identification is complicated by the observation of more than one biotype for a cultivar on the basis of this test. By comparison, a larger number of grains can be examined by the qualitative phenol test but it is less discriminating. Additional information is provided by applying the test to glumes. Thirdly, quantitative assessment of grain hardness, measuring either particle size index or pearling resistance, gives a division of cultivars into about five groups. Specific results are listed for all methods so that the most suitable procedure can be chosen for distinguishing a particular group of cultivars.

scholarly journals Effect of spikelet position on starch proportion, granule distribution and related enzymes activity in wheat grain  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 568-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Li ◽  
S. Yan ◽  
Z. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Starch Granule ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Absolute Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Spike

The starch proportion, starch granule distribution, and activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis in different spikelet positions were examined during grain development in two high-yielding winter wheat cultivars. The results showed that grain number and weight per spikelet in different spatial position showed a single-peak curve from the base to the top in a wheat spike. Upper spikelets had the highest starch and amylose proportion followed by basal spikelets, whereas middle spikelets had the lowest. Starch and amylose absolute content was in opposition to their proportion. The volume of B- and A-type granule in grain of middle spikelets was remarkably higher and lower than those of basal and upper spikelets, respectively. However, no significant difference occurred in the number of A- and B-type granule in grains among different spikelet position. Compared with the basal and upper spikelets, the middle spikelets showed higher sucrose and ATP content and activities of starch biosynthetic enzymes, and subsequently higher starch absolute content. The results suggested that superior sucrose providing and degradation capacity and the high activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis resulted in development of B-type starch granule in grain of middle spikelets.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids Present in Wheat Kernels Influence the Development of the Grain Weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Mariusz Nietupski ◽  
Emilia Ludwiczak ◽  
Robert Cabaj ◽  
Cezary Purwin ◽  
Bożena Kordan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Natural Tolerance ◽  
Offspring Generation ◽  
Wheat Kernels

Sitophilus granarius (L.) is considered to be one of the major pests causing damage to cereal grain stored in silos and granaries. Using traditional methods (synthetic insecticides, mechanical, or physical methods) to control this pest is either ineffective or dangerous to people and nature. It is, therefore, necessary to develop new cultivars of cereals that will be distinguished by a high natural tolerance of the foraging by S. granarius. The aim of this study is expressed in the set research hypothesis, stating that the number of offspring of the grain weevil on stored wheat kernels can depend on the content of fatty acids in the kernels. Thus, the qualitative and quantitative composition of fatty acids was determined in kernels of 10 winter wheat cultivars, and the abundance of the beetle’s offspring generation of S. granarius that developed on the wheat grain, as well as the mass of produced dust and loss in the mass of wheat grain were determined. By applying statistical analyses (GLM, ANOVA, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient, and analysis of redundancy), the presence and character of the dependence between the determined content of fatty acids in wheat grain and the factors describing the development of S. granarius were established. The research results indicate that fatty acids from the groups C 18:1 and C 20:1 probably play an important role as substances stimulating the increase in the number of the tested pest progeny. In contrast, fatty acids C 15:0, C 16:1, and C 18:3, which were determined in large amounts in the grain of wheat cultivars Speedway, KWS Livius, and Julius, can reduce the number of offspring of pest insect.

scholarly journals The apical dominance in winter wheat

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Zhuk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Plant Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Aim. The aim of this work was to study the influence of apical dominance in winter wheat on stem growth and productivity. Methods. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars ‘Podolyanka’ and ‘Pridniprovska’, ‘Novokievska’ were grown on mixture of soil and sand in pots with capacity of 7.5 kg. Optimal plant mineral nutrition was N160 P160 K160. The stem growth was measured. After ear maturing the quantity of grains in ear, and mass of 1000 grains were measured. Results were statistically analyzed with ANOVA. Results. The length of winter wheat stems and grain quantity in ear of main and lateral stems were studied under optimal mineral nutrition. The highest number of grains was detected in main stems. The tillers had less quantity of grains than main stems. The wheat cv. ‘Novokievska’ was more productive than cv. ‘Podolyanka’ and ‘Pridniprovska’. Conclusions. It is shown that the main stem is dominant over lateral stems of winter wheat cultivars ‘Podolyanka’ and ‘Pridniprovska’, ‘Novokievska’. Keywords: Triticum aestivum, winter wheat, grain, stem, apical dominance.

scholarly journals Quality and condition of wheat grain (Triticum spp.) during storage

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rakic ◽  
S. Jankovic ◽  
M. Demin ◽  
D. Bucalo ◽  
M. Maslovaric
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Absolute Mass ◽  
Triticum Spp

The effect of storage on quality and condition of grain of three wheat cultivars (Ljiljana, Dragana and Simonida) selected in Serbia, was studied. Freshly harvested wheat was stored at 25?C for 12 and 20 months. Decreasing of the volume from 812.3 to 727.7 kgm-3 and absolute mass from 38.5 to 33.0% of wheat grain during storage was recorded. Grain germination in interaction of storage duration and temperature remained at the level above 95%. The interaction of studied factors exhibited no statistically significant effect on the changes in the degree of germination of wheat grain. The changes of the acid degree value (2.0- 2.4 ml 1(NaO)/100 g) were at the level of statistical significance. pH value of fresh samples of grain was 6.5 and after 20 months 5.5. The samples tested from the aspect of their glassiness were homogenous, the value of the coefficient of variation for storage duration was CV<10%, and for genotypes CV<18%. The storage duration of wheat grain mostly contributed to the increase of the acid degree value, and slightly less the genotype, as well as the interaction of these factors.

scholarly journals Comparison of different side-dressings on winter wheat yield

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Bojan Stipesevic ◽  
Miro Stosic ◽  
Bojana Teodorovic ◽  
Irena Jug ◽  
Danijel Jug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

The trial with different side-dressing fertilizations for winter wheat has been conducted at Vetovo site, Croatia, in vegetation seasons 2007/08 and 2008/09. The five side-dressing fertilizations has been tested (Control - no sidedressing, KAN - 100 kg KAN ha-1 in tillering and jointing stages; M1 - 8 l of foliar NPK fertilizer 'Profert Mara' ha-1; M2 - 16 l ha-1 of foliar fertilizer, and; M3 - 24 ha-1 of foliar fertilizer) at four winter wheat cultivars (Anika, Fiesta, Gabi and Rapsodija), with previously applied 400 kg NPK 7:20:30 ha-1 for all treatments. Results showed that all foliar side-dressing treatments gave winter wheat grain yield higher than the control, and that M1 treatment showed equal in comparison with KAN side-dressing. Treatments M2 and M3 had, in comparison with the control, KAN and M1 treatments, higher yields which leads toward conclusion that foliar treatments can be recommended for side-dressing for given agroecological conditions.

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