The reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) cultivated for energy utilization

Z. Strašil; V. Váňa; M. Káš

doi:10.17221/4895-rae

The reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) cultivated for energy utilization

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/4895-rae ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 7-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Z. Strašil ◽

V. Váňa ◽

M. Káš

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Water Content ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Reed Canary Grass ◽

Food And Feed ◽

Average Water ◽

Canary Grass

The reed canary grass as a source of energy was tested in field experiments on small plots at three different sites in 1996–2003. The effects of soil and weather conditions, different times of harvest (July, November, March) and different doses of nitrogen fertilization (0, 30, 60 kg/ha) on yields of phytomass were investigated. The effects of the harvest time on the water content in harvested phytomass, loss of phytomass in different harvest period and the content of basic nutrients and heavy metals in plants were all specified. The influence of the year, site and N fertilization on yields of phytomass of the reed canary grass was highly significant. The reed canary grass responded positively to increasing doses of nitrogen by the increase of yields of phytomass. On the averages of years and sites, the N application dose of 30 kg/ha increased dry phytomass yields of the reed canary grass harvested in November by 14.6% (1.08 t/ha). The higher dosage of N 60 kg/ha increased yields of phytomass of the reed canary grass at all sites by 32.8% (2.08 t/ha) on average in contrast with variants without fertilization. By the dose of N 60 kg/ha, the dry above-ground phytomass harvested in autumn was 10.04 t/ha in Ruzyně, 8.27 t/ha in Lukavec and 6.94 t/hain Chomutov on average over the whole period. The later times of harvest resulted in a decrease of the average yield of phytomass (8.41 t/ha in July, 8.00 t/ha in November and 6.04 t/ha in March) and the average water content (64.3% – 45.2% – 21.5%); on the contrary, energy value of phytomass increased (16.93 GJ/t – 17.02 GJ/t – 17.19 GJ/t). The average content of ash in plants varied from 6.5% in Lukavec to 9.31% in Chomutov. The content of heavy metals in plants never exceeded the highest permissible values set in the Czech Republic for food and feed purposes.

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Evaluation of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) grown for energy use

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/35/2011-rae ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 119-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Z. Strašil

Keyword(s):

Energy Use ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Energy Content ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Reed Canary Grass ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Application Rates ◽

Average Loss ◽

Canary Grass

Field experiments with reed canary grass were conducted during 1996–2000 at four different sites (Ruzyně, Troubsko, Lukavec and Chomutov in the Czech Republic). In the period 2001–2009 the experiments were run at Ruzyně and Lukavec. During vegetation the following indicators were monitored: the course of weather in individual years at given sites and infestation of stands by pests and diseases. Furthermore, we monitored the effects of N application rates, year, site, as well as the effect of harvest time on yields of harvested biomass, moisture content, elements content, and energy content. The content of heavy metals in soils and subsequently in plants was also monitored. The zoning methodology was created for reed canary grass. The highest average dry matter yield of reed canary grass harvested in late autumn was achieved for comparable periods during 1996–2000 at Ruzyně (8.33 t/ha), and the lowest at Chomutov (6.80 t/ha). The greatest effect of N fertilization on yields was recorded at Ruzyně, where the N2 rate (80 kg/ha) increased the yield on average by 28.6% in comparison with the non-fertilized variants. Average loss of biomass over winter was 23.0%.

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Evaluation of Biogas Collection from Reed Canary Grass, Depending on Nitrogen Fertilisation Levels

Chemical and Process Engineering ◽

10.2478/v10176-012-0059-1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 697-701 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anna Kacprzak ◽

Mariusz Matyka ◽

Liliana Krzystek ◽

Stanisław Ledakowicz

Keyword(s):

Energy Production ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

New Technologies ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Reed Canary Grass ◽

Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽

Biogas Yield ◽

Biogas Plants ◽

Canary Grass

The world in 21st century is facing the problem of growing energy consumption while the supply of fossil fuels is being reduced. This resulted in the development of research into the use of renewable energy sources and development of new technologies for energy production. In Polish conditions the development of agricultural biogas plants finds its legitimacy in the document developed by the Ministry titled "Trends in agricultural biogas plants in Poland in 2010-2020”. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the weather conditions and the degree of nitrogen fertilisation on yield of reed canary grass (Phalaris Arundinacea L.) and to determine their susceptibility to anaerobic digestion, and usefulness of the production of biogas. Carried out experiments showed that increasing nitrogen fertilisation (from 40 to 120 kg N/ha) linearly increased canary grass green biomass yield from 32 to 46.3 t/ha. However, the highest biogas yield 126 m3/ha was obtained when 80 kg N/ha was applied.

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Analysis of heavy metal content in the dry matter of different energy crops

Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference ◽

10.17770/etr2015vol2.242 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Edgars Cubars ◽

Liena Poisa ◽

Gotfrids Noviks ◽

Rasma Platace ◽

Skaidrite Bumane

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Content ◽

Common Reed ◽

Heavy Metal Content ◽

Winter Period ◽

Reed Canary Grass ◽

Reed Beds ◽

Solid Biofuel ◽

Canary Grass

The study shows results of research on heavy metals concentration in biomass of common reed, hemp and Reed canary grass. The research of common reed was performed during winter period from 2010 until 2012 in 11 natural and artificial water bodies of Latvia. For the harvested biomass in the spring of 2009 and 2010, hemp and reed canary grass samples were investigated.For the collected common reed samples the heavy metal content (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Fe) was established in the biomass. For the hemp and reed canary grass samples, Cd and Pb content were established in the biomass. On the basis of the findings of this research, the suitability of the plant biomass for energy production was analyzed.The heavy metal content in the common reed biomass is suitable for the requirements of solid biofuel. Common reed from all the reed beds of the Latgale (region of Latvia) can be collected in one place and used for the production of fuel. The removal of common reed will help to reduce the heavy metal content in the natural waters and sediment of the reed beds.In the hemp and reed canary grass samples the heavy metals were ascertained periodically. It was found that in some of the research samples they exceeded the MAC for fuel.

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The Influence of Lime Material and Nitrogen Fertilization on Reed Canary Grass Productivity, Plant Quality and Environmental Impact of Using Biomass for Energy Purposes

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11050895 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 895

Author(s):

Gintaras Šiaudinis ◽

Algirdas Jasinskas ◽

Egidijus Šarauskis ◽

Regina Skuodienė ◽

Regina Repšienė ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Fertilization Rate ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Reed Canary Grass ◽

Canary Grass ◽

The Impact

A field experiment with reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) was carried out at LAMMC Vėžaičiai Branch (Western Lithuania) in 2010–2016 with the aim to evaluate the impact of liming and nitrogen on grass productivity, biomass chemical content and energetic parameters of the pellets. The site soil is the natural acidic loam Retisol (pH 4.2–4.6). Reed canary grass productivity was significantly affected by the year of growing and nitrogen fertilization. The average annual dry matter (DM) yield varied from 5442 to 11,114 t ha−1. The highest yields were obtained using the annual rate of 120 kg ha−1 N (nitrogen) fertilizers. Soil liming had a negligible effect on biomass productivity. Nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) varied greatly depending on the growing year and N fertilization rate. After analyzing the properties of reed canary grass and wood sawdust granules, it was found that the granules obtained a high density exceeding 1000 kg m−3 DM. The lowest calorific value of reed canary grass pellets was found to be quite high—17.4 MJ kg−1 DM. All harmful emissions did not exceed the permissible values. Summarizing the results, it can be stated that reed canary grass pellets may be recommended for burning in domestic boilers.

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High moisture acid sulphate soil effects on reed canary grass

Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote ◽

10.33354/smst.75499 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Epie Kenedy Etone ◽

Seija Virtanen ◽

Asko Simojoki ◽

Frederick Stoddard

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Reed Canary Grass ◽

Management Option ◽

Acid Sulphate Soil ◽

Acid Sulphate ◽

Acid Sulphate Soils ◽

Canary Grass

To examine the suitability of acid sulphate soils for perennial energy cropping and specifically to provide information on the responses of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) to raised water levels, a management option for these problematic soils, large core lysimeters of undisturbed field acid sulphate soil were taken into PVC tubes equipped with ground water level control and measurement instruments, planted with reed canary grass, and studied during the period 2008 - 2011. Two treatments; high water content (HWC, 20 cm below soil surface) and low water content (LWC, 70 cm below soil surface, considered normal for acid sulphate soils) were considered and there were 4 replicates. Tiller height, net photosynthesis, and above ground biomass at harvest were measured and Al, Fe, K, Si and S were analysed using ICP-OES. Tillers in HWC lysimeters were 30 and 23% taller than those in LWC lysimeters (P = 0.003, P = 0.002) in September 2009 and 2010 respectively. Net photosynthesis was higher in LWC grasses, although the margin was significant only in year 2009 (P = 0.04). Spring 2009, dry matter yields were almost the same in both treatments, but in 2010 and 2011, HWC grasses yielded 43% and 37 % more than LWC (P = 0.001 in both years), respectively. Dry matter harvested in spring of both 2010 and 2011 contained more Al, K, S and Si in the LWC treatment than in HWC treatment, whereas the concentration of Fe was higher in HWC treatment in 2009 and 2010. It was concluded that reed canary grass, an established bioenergy crop, grows well in acid sulphate soils and can perform better when the water table is raised to reduce acidity and prevent environmental hazards. This could serve as management option and a solution to the problems cause by acid sulphate soils and same time reduce the controversy about the use of bioenergy crops on arable land.

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Optimizing genotype-environment-management interactions to ensure silage maize production in the Chinese Maize Belt

Climate Research ◽

10.3354/cr01599 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 133-146

Author(s):

L Zhang ◽

Z Zhang ◽

J Cao ◽

Y Luo ◽

Z Li

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

High Energy ◽

Risk Level ◽

Energy Yield ◽

Maize Production ◽

Early Date ◽

Environment Management ◽

Silage Maize

Grain maize production exceeds the demand for grain maize in China. Methods for harvesting good-quality silage maize urgently need a theoretical basis and reference data in order to ensure its benefits to farmers. However, research on silage maize is limited, and very few studies have focused on its energetic value and quality. Here, we calibrated the CERES-Maize model for 24 cultivars with 93 field experiments and then performed a long-term (1980-2017) simulation to optimize genotype-environment-management (G-E-M) interactions in the 4 main agroecological zones across China. We found that CERES-Maize could reproduce the growth and development of maize well under various management and weather conditions with a phenology bias of <5 d and biomass relative root mean square error values of <5%. The simulated results showed that sowing long-growth-cycle cultivars approximately 10 d in advance could yield good-quality silage. The optimal sowing dates (from late May to July) and harvest dates (from early October to mid-November) gradually became later from north to south. A high-energy yield was expected when sowing at an early date and/or with late-maturing cultivars. We found that Northeast China and the North China Plain were potential silage maize growing areas, although these areas experienced a medium or even high frost risk. Southwestern maize experienced a low risk level, but the low soil fertility limited the attainable yield. The results of this paper provide information for designing an optimal G×E×M strategy to ensure silage maize production in the Chinese Maize Belt.

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INHIBITORY EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS FROM REED CANARY GRASS (PHALARIS ARUNDINACEA L.) ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTED WEED SPECIES

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities ◽

10.30825/5.ejpau.33.2017.20.4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hanna Gołębiowska ◽

◽

Renata Kieloch ◽

Jakub Topolski ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Phalaris Arundinacea ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Reed Canary Grass ◽

Weed Species ◽

Canary Grass

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The questions of methodology of field experiments in agriculture and crop production

Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" ◽

10.31073/zem.94.38-44 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (94) ◽

pp. 38-44

Author(s):

А.M. Malienkо ◽

N.E. Borуs ◽

N.G. Buslaeva

Keyword(s):

Labor Productivity ◽

Crop Production ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Experimental Plot ◽

Increase Labor Productivity ◽

Biometric Parameters ◽

Field Crops ◽

High Condition

In the article, the results of research on the methodology for conducting studies with corn culture under various methods of sowing and weather conditions. The aim of the research was to establish and evaluate the reliability and high accuracy of the experiment, with a decrease in the area's acreage and taking one plant per repetition. Based on the results of the analysis of biometric parameters and yields, the possibility of sampling from 5 to 108 plants was established statistically and mathematically to establish the accuracy of the experiment. The established parameters of sites in experiments with maize indicate the possibility of obtaining much more information from a smaller unit of area, that is, to increase labor productivity not only with tilled crops. This is the goal of further scientific research with other field crops taking 1 plant of repetitions, observing the conditions of leveling the experimental plot according to the fertility of the soil and sowing seeds with high condition. The data obtained give grounds for continuing research on the minimum space required and the sample in the experiments.

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