scholarly journals Impact of fertilisers on soil properties and biomass yield under a long-term sweet sorghum cropping system  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaituniguli Kuerban ◽  
Tuerxun Tuerhong ◽  
Tu Zhendong ◽  
Akbar Ilahun
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Western China ◽  
Available N ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inorganic Fertilisers

A continuous long-term field experiment (2008–2018) was conducted in Xinjiang, north-western China, to assess the impact of farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic fertilisers on the sustainable biomass yield of sweet sorghum cultivar (Xingaoliang No. 3) and soil chemical properties. Seven treatments, associated with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), FYM, and their different combination, were compared with the control plot (CK). As a result, the treatments NP, PK, NK, NPK and NPKM significantly increased the average biomass yields by 30–48% over CK. The 12 t/ha FYM per year with NPK (NPKM) increased both the yield and total soluble solids (T<sub>SS</sub>) by 48% and 7.9%, respectively, while the 18 t/ha/year application rate of FYM had an adverse effect on yield. Stem T<sub>SS</sub>, soil available N and K for all treatments decreased while soil organic carbon, soil total salt and the available P for FYM applied treatments increased over the years. The soil pH stabilised at 7.8–8.2 at the end. In conclusion, the 12 t/ha/year of FYM is the most efficient rate for a single application or incorporation with inorganic fertilisers. A more reasonable application rate of N and K fertiliser to increase the yield and irrigation rate to reduce soil salt needs for further investigation.  

Nitrous oxide emissions and soil mineral nitrogen status following application of hog slurry and inorganic fertilisers to acidic soils under forage grass

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Mkhabela ◽  
R. Gordon ◽  
D. Burton ◽  
A. Madani ◽  
W. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Available N ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inorganic Fertilisers

Field application of livestock slurry often results in higher nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions than inorganic fertiliser, because slurry contains large amounts of available N and C, and when applied it increases soil water content, thus enhancing denitrification. This study evaluated the impact of hog (Sus scrofa) slurry and inorganic fertilisers on N2O emissions and soil inorganic N. Three short-term (3 wk) field experiments were conducted during summer 2005 on two contrasting acidic soils seeded to forage grass. Treatments included hog slurry (Slurry) at 126 kg N ha-1, potassium nitrate (Nitrate) at 120 kg N ha-1, ammonium sulphate (Ammonium) at 120 kg N ha-1, Carbon (Dextrose) at 500 kg ha-1 and an unamended control (Control). Potassium nitrate increased (P< 0.05) cumulative N2O losses compared with the other treatments. Emissions of N2O from Slurry and Ammonium were similar, but higher than from Dextrose and Control, which were similar. Soil NH4+-N contents for Slurry and Ammonium treatments were generally similar but higher than for the other treatments, particularly during the first and second sampling dates. Soil NO3−-N contents, meanwhile, were higher with the Nitrate treatment compared with the other treatments, especially at the first sampling date. These results imply that N2O production in these acid soils was limited by NO3-availability. Therefore, N2O emissions from these soils can be minimised by using ammonium-based fertilisers including hog slurry rather than nitrate-based fertilisers. Key words: Acidic soils, hog slurry, mineral fertiliser, soil nitrogen, N2O emissions

scholarly journals Sustainability of soil health and system productivity through arecanut based cropping system in the NE Region of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
S.C. Paul ◽  
G.C. Acharya ◽  
R. Chakraborty ◽  
H.P. Maheswarappa ◽  
M. Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Available N ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
The Impact

The North-Eastern part of India contains seven states out of which, Assam is the major producer of arecanut. An attempt was made to study the impact of arecanut based multiple cropping system with proper utilization of recyclable resources on the long-term sustainability of acid soil at Kahikuchi. A long term arecanut based High-Density Multispecies Cropping System garden comprised of two models viz., Model-1 (M1): arecanut (Areca catechu), black pepper (Piper nigrum), banana (Musa spp.), citrus (Citrus limon) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and Model-2 (M2): arecanut, black pepper, banana, citrus and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) as component crops was used. Both the models were sub-divided into three treatments viz., Full dose of recommended fertiliser (T1), 2/3rd of the recommended dose (T2) and 1/3rd of the recommended dose (T3) combined with treatment-wise recycling available biomass in the form of vermicompost and each treatment was replicated thrice. The results indicated that the quantity of recyclable biomass generated ranged between 8.27 to 12.23 t ha-1 year-1 and 8.11 to 12.38 t ha-1 year-1 in model-1 and model-2, respectively and revealed that the T2 treatment in both models improved the soil properties with respect to soil pH, organic carbon, available N, P and K status. Economics of the cropping system revealed that the maximum return was obtained from both Models under T2. The average benefit:cost ratio of T1, T2 & T3 was 3.38, 4.42 & 3.47 under model-1 and 3.34, 4.08 and 3.40 under model-2, respectively. Sustenance of soil pH above 5.0 over the years in the arecanut rhizosphere in both the models were found under T2, but T1 and T3 treatments showed a slow declining of pH towards increasing soil acidity.

scholarly journals Impact of Long Term Application of Inorganic Fertilizers and Organic Manure on Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity under Soybean-Wheat Cropping System in a Vertisol

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Nilesh Patidar ◽  
A. K. Dwivedi ◽  
B. S. Dwivedi ◽  
R. K. Thakur ◽  
Jalendra Bairwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Available N ◽  
The Impact

The field experiments was conducted is an ongoing All India Co-ordinate Research Project on “Long term Fertilizer Experiment” during 2018-2019 with soybean-wheat cropping sequence at the Research Farm Department of Soil Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P.), India. The objective of the study was the Impact of long term application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure on soil fertility and crop productivity under soybean-wheat cropping system in a Vertisol. The experiment consists of ten treatments i.e. T1 50% NPK, T2 100% NPK, T3 150% NPK, T4 100% NPK + Hand Weeding, T5 100% NPK + Zn, T6 100% NP, T7 100% N, T8 100% NPK+ Farm Yard Manure, T9 100% NPK–S and T10 unfertilized plot (control) with four replications in a randomized block design. The findings of the present study indicated that the soil pH and EC were remaining unaltered even after continuous application of variable amounts of fertilizers either alone or in combination. A significant positive change in soil organic carbon, available N P K and S content was observed with continuous additions of balanced fertilizers and manures over the imbalanced or unfertilized treatments. The findings showed that the application of recommended dose of N, P and K (20:80:20 kg ha-1 for soybean and 120:80:40 kg ha-1 for wheat) with organic manure (FYM) @ 5 t ha-1 resulted in 185.8% and 325.9% increase over control in soybean and wheat yields, respectively. Thus, the continuous use of balanced fertilization, either alone or in combination with organic manure is necessary for sustaining soil fertility and productivity of crops.

scholarly journals Effect of crop rotation and fertilization on quality of processing tomatoes

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Elkner ◽  
Jan Rumpel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
New Yorker ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Effect of crop rotation and fertilization on quality of tomato cv. New Yorker was studied in field conditions in a long term, static experiment, conducted in Skierniewice since 1922. Tomatoes in crop rotation were cultivated on same field every third year. whereas these in monoculture were continuously cultivated on same field for 9 consecutive years (1980-1988). The fertilization treatments included: l) farmyard manure in rate of 40 t per hectare, annually, 2) mineral fertilization of 150 kg N. 100 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and 200 kg K<sub>2</sub>O per hectare, 3) farmyard manure plus mineral fertilization as in treatments 1 and 2 and, 4) mineral fertilization as in treatment 2 plus microelements in form of a multimineral, commercial fertilizer (Polichelat LS 7). Crop rotation had no significant influence on the content of soluble solids, colour and weight of fruits. However, tomato fruits from plants cultivated in rotation, as compared to those from monoculture, contained more organic acids and pectins, less nitrates, had lower pH and greater firmness. The effect of fertilization was similar in rotated and non-rotated cultivation. At combined manure and mineral NPK fertilization, tomato fruits showed higher content of soluble solids, organic acids and pectins than these from the other fertilization treatments. Fruits of plants fertilized with farmyard manure only had higher content of vitamin C and lower one of nitrates, soluble solids and organic acids and also lower firmness as compared these from other fertilization in trial.

LONG-TERM EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON RICE (Oryza sativaL.)–WHEAT (Triticum aestivumL.) YIELD, AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AN ACIDIC SOIL IN THE WESTERN HIMALAYAS

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. SUBEHIA ◽  
SWAPANA SEPEHYA ◽  
S. S. RANA ◽  
S. C. NEGI ◽  
S. K. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Available N

SUMMARYIn a field experiment initiated in 1991kharifseason (April–October) on an acidic soil in the Western Himalayas of India, 25% and 50% of the recommended doses of nitrogen were substituted through different organics, viz. farmyard manure (FYM), wheat cut straw andSesbania aculeata(as green manure) in rice, followed by use of chemical fertilizers in wheat each year. The aim of this work was to study the long-term integrated effect of organics and chemical fertilizers on grain yield of rice–wheat system and soil quality. Based on five years’ moving average values, continuous cropping without fertilization or manuring (control) gave the lowest grain yields of both rice and wheat. Application of 50% N through FYM plus 50% NPK through chemical fertilizers to rice followed by 100% NPK through chemical fertilizers to wheat (T3) maintained the highest productivity of rice and wheat at about 3.4 Mg ha−1and 3.3 Mg ha−1, respectively, as found from the pooled grain yield over the years. The highest values of organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and available N, P, K were also recorded under this treatment (T3). Soil pH was marginally affected by different treatments, while Diphenyl Triamine Penta Acetic acid extractable micronutrient cations increased over control when chemical fertilizers were applied in conjunction with different organics.

Loss of nitrogen and carbon during storage of the fibrous fraction of separated pig slurry and influence on nitrogen availability

2008 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. PETERSEN ◽  
P. SØRENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Volatile Elements ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
On Farm

SUMMARYManure production in the most livestock-intensive areas exceeds the crop demand for nutrients and legislative restrictions on application rate cause a shortage of land for manure application. Export of nutrients in the fibrous fraction of separated animal slurry has become an option for sustaining or increasing livestock production in livestock-intensive areas. The nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) losses during on-farm storage of the fibrous fraction, originating from separation of anaerobically digested pig slurry using the non-volatile elements phosphorus (P), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) as internal references, were calculated. In addition, the plant availability of N in fresh and stored fibrous fractions was evaluated in an incubation experiment. The losses of N and C were greater from the heap surface than from the centre, and turning the heap by reloading for transport increased the losses. The proportion of ammonium N, total N and C lost during storage of the fibrous fraction was 0·30–0·90, 0·10–0·55 and 0·35–0·70 of the initial amount, respectively. Storage reduced the plant-available N and the amount of residual organic N, thereby having long-term influence on soil fertility. The plant-available N in fresh fibrous fractions was 0·22–0·52 of total N, but decreased to 0·15–0·38 after storage due to a decrease of the Nammonium:Ntotal ratio during storage. The net mineralization of manure N was negatively related to the Ctotal:Norganic ratio. The fibrous fraction of separated pig slurry may be characterized as a manure with a high potential for loss and a variable value as fertilizer.

scholarly journals Effect of long-term organic amendments on chemical and microbial properties of a luvisol

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.W. Scherer ◽  
D.J. Metker ◽  
G. Welp
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Content ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
Sludge Application

We studied the long-term effect (about 45 years) of farmyard manure, sewage sludge and compost application in two increments on organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub>), the amount (C<sub>mic</sub>) and activity of the microbial biomass (soil respiration, dehydrogenase activity), total N content and N delivery of soils as compared to manuring with mineral fertilizers. The application of both increments of compost and the high sewage sludge application rate resulted in an increase in C<sub>org</sub> while soils treated with both compost application rates and the high farmyard manure application rate showed a significant increase in C<sub>mic</sub>. C<sub>mic</sub>/C<sub>org</sub> ranged between 1.7 and 3.3. Dehydrogenase activity and soil respiration were the greatest in the soil with the highest compost and farmyard manure application rates. Total soil N content was significantly higher in both compost treatments and in the treatment with the high sewage sludge application rate. This was accompanied by the highest N uptake of ryegrass. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Does Digital Financial Inclusion Affect Agricultural Eco-Efficiency? A Case Study on China

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1949
Author(s):  
Jiehua Ma ◽  
Zhenghui Li
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Central China ◽  
Western China ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Financial Power ◽  
The Impact ◽  
D Investment

Agricultural eco-efficiency can effectively reflect the coordinated green and balanced development of rural resources, and digital financial inclusion provides a strong financial power in the process of long-term balanced development of rural areas. There may be a complex relationship between the two. Therefore, based on the panel data of 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China from 2011 to 2018, this paper explores the impact of digital financial inclusion on agricultural eco-efficiency through the differential GMM method. Further, the paper analyzes how digital financial inclusion influences agricultural eco-efficiency by influencing the agricultural scientific and technological investment. The following conclusions are drawn. First, there is a positive U-shaped nonlinear relationship between digital financial inclusion and agricultural eco-efficiency. Second, the impact of digital financial inclusion on agricultural eco-efficiency is of regional heterogeneity. Digital financial inclusion has a significant positive U-shaped impact on agricultural eco-efficiency in central China but has no significant impact on Eastern and Western China. Third, agricultural R&D investment will intensify the promotion effect of digital financial inclusion on agricultural eco-efficiency.

Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Meier ◽  
Anja König ◽  
Samuel Parak ◽  
Katharina Henke
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Indirect Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cue Words ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

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